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Carbon and its compounds

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Akarshik Banerjee
Akarshik Banerjee

Carbon occurs in different forms called allotropes including diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene. Carbon has the unique ability to form four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or elements due to its small size and tetravalent nature. This property of carbon chain formation is called catenation and allows for a diverse range of carbon compounds including saturated compounds with single bonds and unsaturated compounds with double or triple bonds.

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Carbon and its compounds
When elements form bonds with other elements by equal sharing of electrons it is called a covalent bond. Carbon forms covalent bonds. Bonding in hydrogen atom Single bond Bonding in a water molecule Double bond Bonding in Nitrogen
The element carbon occurs in different forms with varying physical properties but same chemical properties. This phenomenon is called allotropy. Diamon d Buckminst erfullerene Graphite
Catenation The property of carbon to bond with other molecules of carbon to form large compounds is called catenation. Tetravalency Tetravalency Carbon has four valence electrons. Due to its small size it can form stable compounds with the atoms of
  An element or a group of elements forming a group which may react with hydrogen, alkyl or aryl radicals to form compounds the properties of which depend on the group, such a group is called a functional group. Eg: alcohol group(-OH) Carboxylic acid(-COOH)
  Compounds having single bond are called Saturated compounds while compounds having double or triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds. Ex-Methane (saturated) Ethane (unsaturated) Methane Ethene
(I) Combustion- carbon burns in O2 to form CO2 and heat. C + O2 CO2 + Heat (II) Oxidation- Alcohols get converted to carboxylic acids on oxidation. CH3CH2OH K2Cr2O7 CH3COOH (III)Addition reaction- reaction in which saturated is changed to unsaturated compound. (IV)Substitution reaction-when hydrogen is replaced by an element or a group of elements.
  Soaps are sodium salts of long chain of carboxylic acid, they form micelles and clean clothes but they are ineffective in hard water, acids etc. Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain of carboxylic acids. They are effective in hard water.

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Carbon and its compounds

  • 2. When elements form bonds with other elements by equal sharing of electrons it is called a covalent bond. Carbon forms covalent bonds. Bonding in hydrogen atom Single bond Bonding in a water molecule Double bond Bonding in Nitrogen
  • 3. The element carbon occurs in different forms with varying physical properties but same chemical properties. This phenomenon is called allotropy. Diamon d Buckminst erfullerene Graphite
  • 4. Catenation The property of carbon to bond with other molecules of carbon to form large compounds is called catenation. Tetravalency Tetravalency Carbon has four valence electrons. Due to its small size it can form stable compounds with the atoms of
  • 5.   An element or a group of elements forming a group which may react with hydrogen, alkyl or aryl radicals to form compounds the properties of which depend on the group, such a group is called a functional group. Eg: alcohol group(-OH) Carboxylic acid(-COOH)
  • 6.   Compounds having single bond are called Saturated compounds while compounds having double or triple bonds are called unsaturated compounds. Ex-Methane (saturated) Ethane (unsaturated) Methane Ethene
  • 7. (I) Combustion- carbon burns in O2 to form CO2 and heat. C + O2 CO2 + Heat (II) Oxidation- Alcohols get converted to carboxylic acids on oxidation. CH3CH2OH K2Cr2O7 CH3COOH (III)Addition reaction- reaction in which saturated is changed to unsaturated compound. (IV)Substitution reaction-when hydrogen is replaced by an element or a group of elements.
  • 8.   Soaps are sodium salts of long chain of carboxylic acid, they form micelles and clean clothes but they are ineffective in hard water, acids etc. Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain of carboxylic acids. They are effective in hard water.