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carbon fibre

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Carbon fiber is a strong, lightweight material made of thin strands of carbon atoms bonded together in crystals. It is used to strengthen materials like resins and ceramics. The document discusses the history, manufacturing, properties and applications of carbon fiber. It outlines that the US and Japan are leading producers, and production has expanded to include nanotube-reinforced polymers. The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to graphite. Manufacturing involves using precursor materials like polyacrylonitrile to produce filaments that are then carbonized. Carbon fiber has properties including high strength, light weight, and heat and electrical conductivity.

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carbon fibre
 Introduction  History  Future of carbon fiber  Structure  Types of carbon fiber  Manufacturing of carbon fiber  Properties  Applications
 A Material Consisting Of Thin, Strong Crystalline Filaments Of Carbon, Used As A Strengthening Material, Especially In Resins And Ceramics.
 Currently, the United States of America uses nearly 60% of the world production of carbon fibers and the Japanese account for almost 50% of the world capacity for production. The largest producer of this fiber is Toray Industries of Japan.
 Carbon Fibers Were Developed In The 1950s By Heating Strands Of Rayon Until They Carbonized.  In The Early 1960s, A Process Was Developed Using Polyacrylonitrile As A Raw Material.  During The 1970s, Experimental Work To Find Alternative Raw Materials Led To The Introduction Of Carbon Fibers Made From A Petroleum Pitch Derived From Oil Processing.
 In 2009, Zyvex Technologies introduced carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer.  Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer is several times stronger and tougher than Carbon fibre and was used in the manufacturing of air craft as a structural material.
 The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to that of graphite, consisting of sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern (graphene sheets), the difference being in the way these sheets interlock.
carbon fibre
Structural modal of carbon fiber
Cross sectional view
Longitudinal view:
Pan type carbon fiber A type of the fiber produced by carbonization of PAN precursor (PAN:Polyacrylonitrile) Pitch Type Carbon Fiber: Another type of the fiber,produced by carbonization of oil/coal pitch precursor, Types
 PAN-based carbon fibers  Pitch-based carbon fibers  Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers  Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers  Rayon-based carbon fibers  Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers
Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber: Manufacturing of carbon fiber
 Each carbon filament is produced from a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or petroleum pitch, known as a precursor  the precursor is first spun into filament yarns, using chemical and mechanical processes to initially align the polymer atoms in a way to enhance the final physical properties of the completed carbon fiber.
Pan carbon manufacturing
carbon fibre
Manufacturing of carbon fiber The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the precursor. About 90% of the carbon fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The remaining 10% are made from rayon or petroleum pitch .
carbon fibre
Manufacturing challenges  The need for more cost effective recovery and repair.  Close control required to ensure consistent quality.  Health and safety.  Skin irritation.  Breathing irritation.
Properties of carbon fibers Properties of carbon fibers  High tensile strength.  Low thermal expansion.  Electrically and thermally conductors.  Light weight and low density.  Tensity : 1.8-2.4(kn/mm2)  Density : 1.95 gm/cc  Elongation at break: 0.5%  Elasticity: Not good
Moisture Regain (MR%): 0%  Ability to protest friction: Good  Color: Black  Lusture : Like silky  Ability to protest heat : Good  Effect of sunlight : no change in color  Effect of bleaching : Sodiun hypochlorite slightly effect carbon fiber.  Protection against flame : Excellent  Protection ability against insectsn : Do not harm carbon fiber
Applications  Civil Engineering  Sports equipments  Aerospace and Aircraft industry  Acoustics  Portable power  Building and construction materials  Fiber reinforced plastics

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carbon fibre

  • 2.  Introduction  History  Future of carbon fiber  Structure  Types of carbon fiber  Manufacturing of carbon fiber  Properties  Applications
  • 3.  A Material Consisting Of Thin, Strong Crystalline Filaments Of Carbon, Used As A Strengthening Material, Especially In Resins And Ceramics.
  • 4.  Currently, the United States of America uses nearly 60% of the world production of carbon fibers and the Japanese account for almost 50% of the world capacity for production. The largest producer of this fiber is Toray Industries of Japan.
  • 5.  Carbon Fibers Were Developed In The 1950s By Heating Strands Of Rayon Until They Carbonized.  In The Early 1960s, A Process Was Developed Using Polyacrylonitrile As A Raw Material.  During The 1970s, Experimental Work To Find Alternative Raw Materials Led To The Introduction Of Carbon Fibers Made From A Petroleum Pitch Derived From Oil Processing.
  • 6.  In 2009, Zyvex Technologies introduced carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer.  Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer is several times stronger and tougher than Carbon fibre and was used in the manufacturing of air craft as a structural material.
  • 7.  The atomic structure of carbon fiber is similar to that of graphite, consisting of sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern (graphene sheets), the difference being in the way these sheets interlock.
  • 9. Structural modal of carbon fiber
  • 12. Pan type carbon fiber A type of the fiber produced by carbonization of PAN precursor (PAN:Polyacrylonitrile) Pitch Type Carbon Fiber: Another type of the fiber,produced by carbonization of oil/coal pitch precursor, Types
  • 13.  PAN-based carbon fibers  Pitch-based carbon fibers  Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers  Isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers  Rayon-based carbon fibers  Gas-phase-grown carbon fibers
  • 14. Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber:Manufacturing of carbon fiber: Manufacturing of carbon fiber
  • 15.  Each carbon filament is produced from a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon, or petroleum pitch, known as a precursor  the precursor is first spun into filament yarns, using chemical and mechanical processes to initially align the polymer atoms in a way to enhance the final physical properties of the completed carbon fiber.
  • 18. Manufacturing of carbon fiber The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the precursor. About 90% of the carbon fibers produced are made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The remaining 10% are made from rayon or petroleum pitch .
  • 20. Manufacturing challenges  The need for more cost effective recovery and repair.  Close control required to ensure consistent quality.  Health and safety.  Skin irritation.  Breathing irritation.
  • 21. Properties of carbon fibers Properties of carbon fibers  High tensile strength.  Low thermal expansion.  Electrically and thermally conductors.  Light weight and low density.  Tensity : 1.8-2.4(kn/mm2)  Density : 1.95 gm/cc  Elongation at break: 0.5%  Elasticity: Not good
  • 22. Moisture Regain (MR%): 0%  Ability to protest friction: Good  Color: Black  Lusture : Like silky  Ability to protest heat : Good  Effect of sunlight : no change in color  Effect of bleaching : Sodiun hypochlorite slightly effect carbon fiber.  Protection against flame : Excellent  Protection ability against insectsn : Do not harm carbon fiber
  • 23. Applications  Civil Engineering  Sports equipments  Aerospace and Aircraft industry  Acoustics  Portable power  Building and construction materials  Fiber reinforced plastics