Cartilage
- 1. CARTILAGE DR SURAJIT KUNDU DEPT. OF ANATOMY MAITRI INSTIUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH CENTRE ANJORA, DURG, CHHATISHGARH, INDIA
- 2. DEFINITION
- 3. GENERAL FEATURES CARTILAGE SUPPORT REGIONS OF TE BODY THAT REQUIRE FLEXIBILITY AVASCULAR-NOURISHED BY ? NON NERVOUS STRUCTURE POOR REGENERATION CAPACITY GROWTH TAKES PLACE BY 2 METHODS-APPOSITIONAL GROWTH AND INTERSTITIAL GROWTH USUALLY SURROUNDED BY PERICHONDRIUM (EXCEPT ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND FIBRO CARTILAGE)
- 4. PERICHONDRIUM CARTILAGE IS COVERED EXTERNALLY BY A DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH KNOWN AS PERICHONDRIUM EXCEPT ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND FIBRO CARTILAGE. HAS TWO LAYERS- OUTER FIBROUS LAYER (VASCULAR) AND INNER CHONDROGENIC LAYER (CELLULAR) HAS CELLS WHICH CAN REGROW CARTILAGE TO SOME EXTENT IF THE CARTILGE IS DAMAGED.
- 5. COMPONENTS CELLS- MESENCHYMAL CELLS, CHONDROBLASTS AND CHONDROCYTES FIBRES-COLLAGEN AND ELASTIC GROUND SUBSTANCE- MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES (CHONDROITIN SULPHATE)
- 6. CELLS OF THE CARTILAGE THEY ARE DERIVED FROM UNDIFFERTIATED MESENCHYMAL CELLS YOUNG CELLS ARE SMALL WITH BRANCHED CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSES KNOWN AS CHONDROBLASTS, THEY MULTIPLY TO CHONDRICYTES OLDER AND MATURE CELLS ARE KNOWN AS CHONDROCYTES CHONDROCYTES ARE BIGGER IN SIZE AND ARE FOUND IN SPACES CALLED AS LACUNAE THEY ARE FOUND GROUPS OF 2-4 CELLS TOGETHER KNOWN AS CELL NEST THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCTION OF FIBRES AND GROUND SUBSTANCE OF TE CARTILAGE OLD MATURE CELLS ARE INCPABLE OF MULTIPLICATIION
- 7. CLASSIFICATION/ TYPES HYALINE CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE FIBRO CARTILAGE
- 8. AREAS FOUND CARTILAGE OCCURENCE HYALINE CARTILAGE EPIPHYSIAL GROWTH PLATE, RIBS, RESPIRATORY TRACT, ARTICULAR CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE PINNA , EPIGLOTTIS, EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS, ARYTENOID CORNICULATE, CUNEIFORM CARTILAGE . FIBRO CARTILAGE INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS .
- 9. HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OR MICROSCOPIC FEATURES OR MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- 10. HYALINE CARTILAGE CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF HIGHLY BASOPHILIC HOMOGENEOUS MATRIX APPEAR HOMOGENEOUS AS THE COLLAGEN FIBRES PRESENT IN THEM HAVE THE SAME REFRACTIVE INDEX AS GROUND SUBSTANCE PERICHONDRIUM PRESENT CELLS ENCAPSULATED IN GROUPS OF 2-4 CELLS MATRIX ARROUND THE CELLS IS BRIGHTER AND DEEP IN COLOUR THAN OTHER AREAS , THIS MATRIX IS KNOWN TERRITORIAL MATRIX. TWO GROUPS OF CELLS ARE SEPARATED BY A LIGHTLY COLOURED MATRIX KNOWN INTER-TERRITORIAL MATRIX
- 11. ELASTIC CARTILAGE PERICHONDRIUM PRESENT CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF ELACTIC FIBRES IN ABUNDANCE WHICH BRANCH AND ANSTOMOSE CHONDROCYTES ARE LARGER THAN THOSE OF HYALINE CARTILAGE AND PRESENT IN SINGLY.
- 12. FIBRO CARTILAGE PERICHONDRIUM IS CHARACTERISTICALLY ABSENT HAS THIC BUNDLES OF COLLAGEN FIBRES CHONDROCYTES ARE SEEN BETWEEN THESE FIBRES IN SINGLY IN NARROW ROWS
- 13. FEATURES OF IDENTIFICATION HYALINE CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE FIBRO CARTILAGE 1.PERICHONDRIUM PRESENT 1. PERICHONDRIUM PRESENT 1. PERICHONDRIUM ABSENT 2. GROUND SUBSTANCE HIGHLY BASOPHILLIC AND HOMOGENEOUS 2. NUMEROUS ELASTIC FIBRES 2. BUNDLES OF COLLAGEN FIBRES 3. CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNAE AND IN GROUPS 3. SINGLE CHONDROCYTES IN LACUNA FEW CHONDROCYTES SEEN
- 19. FIBRO CARTILAGE
- 20. APPLIED HISTOLOGY OSTEOARTHRITIS SLIP DISC HYALINE CARTILAGE HAVE A TENDENCY TO OSSIFY WITH AGE
- 22. QUESTIONS WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CARTILAGE. GIVE EXAMPLES WHAT IS PERICHONDRIUM WHAT ARE CELL NEST. HOW ARE THEY FORMED WHAT THE COMPONENTS OF CARTILAGE GIVE THE IENTIFYING FEATURS OF EACH VARIETY OF CARTILAGE WHAT IS CALCIFICATION OF CARTILAGE