Cassandra Community Webinar: Apache Cassandra Internals
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Apache Cassandra solves many interesting problems to provide a scalable, distributed, fault tolerant database. Cluster wide operations track node membership, direct requests and implement consistency guarantees. At the node level, the Log Structured storage engine provides high performance reads and writes. All of this is implemented in a Java code base that has greatly matured over the past few years. In this webinar Aaron Morton will step through read and write requests, automatic processes and manual maintenance tasks. He will also discuss the general approach to solving the problem and drill down to the code responsible for implementation. Speaker: Aaron Morton, Apache Cassandra Committer Aaron Morton is a Freelance Developer based in New Zealand, and a Committer on the Apache Cassandra project. In 2010 he gave up the RDBMS world for the scale and reliability of Cassandra. He now spends his time advancing the Cassandra project and helping others get the best out of it.
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Cassandra Community Webinar: Apache Cassandra Internals
- 1. CASSANDRA COMMUNITY WEBINARS AUGUST 2013 CASSANDRA INTERNALS Aaron Morton @aaronmorton Co-Founder & Principal Consultant www.thelastpickle.com Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License
- 2. AboutThe Last Pickle Work with clients to deliver and improve Apache Cassandra based solutions. Apache Cassandra Committer, DataStax MVP, Hector Maintainer, 6+ years combined Cassandra experience. Based in New Zealand & Austin,TX.
- 4. Cassandra Architecture API's Cluster Aware Cluster Unaware Clients Disk www.thelastpickle.com
- 5. Cassandra Cluster Architecture API's Cluster Aware Cluster Unaware Clients Disk API's Cluster Aware Cluster Unaware Disk Node 1 Node 2 www.thelastpickle.com
- 6. Dynamo Cluster Architecture API's Dynamo Database Clients Disk API's Dynamo Database Disk Node 1 Node 2 www.thelastpickle.com
- 11. Native BinaryTransport Beta in Cassandra 1.2 Uses Netty Enabled with start_native_transport (Disabled by default) www.thelastpickle.com
- 12. o.a.c.transport.Server.run() //Setup the Netty server new ExecutionHandler() new NioServerSocketChannelFactory() ServerBootstrap.setPipelineFactory() www.thelastpickle.com
- 13. o.a.c.transport.Message.Dispatcher.messageReceived() //Process message from client ServerConnection.validateNewMessage() Request.execute() ServerConnection.applyStateTransition() Channel.write() www.thelastpickle.com
- 14. Messages Defined in the Native Binary Protocol $SRC/doc/native_protocol.spec www.thelastpickle.com
- 16. JMX Management Beans Spread around the code base. Interfaces named *MBean www.thelastpickle.com
- 17. JMX Management Beans Registered with names such as org.apache.cassandra.db: type=StorageProxy www.thelastpickle.com
- 19. o.a.c.thrift.CassandraServer // Implements Thrift Interface // Access control // Input validation // Mapping to/from Thrift and internal types www.thelastpickle.com
- 21. o.a.c.thrift.CassandraServer.get_slice() // get columns for one row Tracing.begin() ClientState cState = state() cState.hasColumnFamilyAccess() multigetSliceInternal() www.thelastpickle.com
- 22. CassandraServer.multigetSliceInternal() // get columns for may rows ThriftValidation.validate*() // Create ReadCommands getSlice() www.thelastpickle.com
- 23. CassandraServer.getSlice() // Process ReadCommands // return Thrift types readColumnFamily() thriftifyColumnFamily() www.thelastpickle.com
- 24. CassandraServer.readColumnFamily() // Process ReadCommands // Return ColumnFamilies StorageProxy.read() www.thelastpickle.com
- 26. o.a.c.cql3.QueryProcessor // Prepares and executes CQL3 statements // Used by Thrift & Native transports // Access control // Input validation // Returns transport.ResultMessage www.thelastpickle.com
- 28. o.a.c.cql3.statements.ParsedStatement // Subclasses generated by ANTLR // Tracks bound term count // Prepare CQLStatement prepare() www.thelastpickle.com
- 29. o.a.c.cql3.statements.CQLStatement checkAccess(ClientState state) validate(ClientState state) execute(ConsistencyLevel cl, QueryState state, List<ByteBuffer> variables) www.thelastpickle.com
- 30. statements.SelectStatement.RawStatement // Implements ParsedStatement // Input validation prepare() www.thelastpickle.com
- 34. o.a.c.service.StorageProxy // Cluster wide storage operations // Select endpoints & check CL available // Send messages to Stages // Wait for response // Store Hints www.thelastpickle.com
- 35. o.a.c.service.StorageService // Ring operations // Track ring state // Start & stop ring membership // Node & token queries www.thelastpickle.com
- 37. Response Handlers / Callback implements IAsyncCallback<T> response(MessageIn<T> msg) www.thelastpickle.com
- 38. o.a.c.service.ReadCallback.get() //Wait for blockfor & data condition.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) throw ReadTimeoutException() resolver.resolve() www.thelastpickle.com
- 39. o.a.c.service.StorageProxy.fetchRows() getLiveSortedEndpoints() new RowDigestResolver() new ReadCallback() MessagingService.sendRR() --------------------------------------- ReadCallback.get() # blocking catch (DigestMismatchException ex) catch (ReadTimeoutException ex) www.thelastpickle.com
- 45. o.a.c.net.MessagingService.receive() runnable = new MessageDeliveryTask( message, id, timestamp); StageManager.getStage( message.getMessageType()); stage.execute(runnable); www.thelastpickle.com
- 46. o.a.c.net.MessageDeliveryTask.run() // If dropable and rpc_timeout MessagingService.incrementDroppedMessag es(verb); MessagingService.getVerbHandler(verb) verbHandler.doVerb(message, id) www.thelastpickle.com
- 47. Architecture API Layer Dynamo Layer Database Layer www.thelastpickle.com
- 49. o.a.c.concurrent.StageManager stages = new EnumMap<Stage, ThreadPoolExecutor>(Stage.class); getStage(Stage stage) www.thelastpickle.com
- 52. o.a.c.db.Table // Keyspace open(String table) getColumnFamilyStore(String cfName) getRow(QueryFilter filter) apply(RowMutation mutation, boolean writeCommitLog) www.thelastpickle.com
- 53. o.a.c.db.ColumnFamilyStore // Column Family getColumnFamily(QueryFilter filter) getTopLevelColumns(...) apply(DecoratedKey key, ColumnFamily columnFamily, SecondaryIndexManager.Updater indexer) www.thelastpickle.com
- 55. o.a.c.db.ISortedColumns addColumn(IColumn column, Allocator allocator) removeColumn(ByteBuffer name) ArrayBackedSortedColumns AtomicSortedColumns TreeMapBackedSortedColumns www.thelastpickle.com
- 56. o.a.c.db.Memtable put(DecoratedKey key, ColumnFamily columnFamily, SecondaryIndexManager.Updater indexer) flushAndSignal(CountDownLatch latch, Future<ReplayPosition> context) www.thelastpickle.com
- 59. Summary CustomTThreadPoolServer Message.Dispatcher CassandraServer QueryProcessor ReadCommand StorageProxy IResponseResolver IAsyncCallback MessagingService IVerbHandler Table ColumnFamilyStore IDiskAtomFilter API Dynamo Database www.thelastpickle.com
- 61. Aaron Morton @aaronmorton Co-Founder & Principal Consultant www.thelastpickle.com Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License