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cell division mitosis meiosis.pptx

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JoycePerez27

This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It explains that mitosis occurs in regular body cells to keep cells living and growing, involving the phases of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Meiosis occurs in gamete cells and involves a double division to reduce the chromosomal count, ensuring genetic diversity is maintained between generations while genetic integrity is preserved. Cell division, through both mitosis and meiosis, is essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of all living things.

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Cell Division Mitosis & Meiosis
Cell Division What is it? Why do Cells do it? Why is it important to me?
Cell Division Also known as Mitosis Takes place in Regular Body Cells Keeps Cells Living and Growing
Phases of Mitosis
Mitosis The Basic Phases of a Cell’s Life: •Interphase •Prophase •Metaphase •Anaphase •Telophase •Cytokinesis
Interphase The longest stage of a Cell’s life The time spent between divisions Produces all materials required for growth Preparation for division
Part of Interphase is also known as the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle (Growth Phase)
The Second part of Interphase is known as the S Phase of the Cell Cycle (Synthesis Phase – when DNA duplicates)
The third part of the Cell Cycle, G2, is just a checkpoint to make sure the DNA is correct. Next step – Mitosis
Mitosis: Cell Division The last part of the Cell Cycle is called Mitosis and has 4 phases during which the cell divides into 2 cells
Prophase The Cell begins the division process 1. The nucleolus disappears, 2. The nuclear membrane breaks apart
3. The chromosomes become visible 4. The spindle apparatus forms and attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes
Metaphase The Second Phase of Mitosis 4.The Nuclear Membrane is completely gone 2. The duplicated chromosomes line up along the cell's equator.
cell division mitosis meiosis.pptx
Anaphase The third phase of Mitosis Diploid sets of daughter chromosomes separate They are pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers
Spindle Fibers
Telophase The nuclear membrane and nucleoli (nucleus) reform. Cytokinesis is nearly complete,
The Cell Plate begins to form The Cell prepares for final division
Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear material are evenly split and two new cells are formed. Cell Plate
The two new cells – each exactly like the other – are called Daughter Cells
Interphase – The Cell spends the majority of its life here, growing and functioning. During the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis
In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes get small, centrioles move to the poles of the nucleus, and spindle fibers develop Pair of Centrioles Spindle Fibers Chromosomes consisting of 2 Sister Chromatids
Late Prophase happens when the Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and spindle fibers begin to move Chromosomes toward the center of cell. Spindle Fibers Chromosomes
During Metaphase the Chromosomes line up across center of the cell, also called the equator, or Metaphase plate. Spindle Fibers Chromosomes Equator, or Metaphase Plate
In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite ends of cellular spindle Daughter Chromosomes Chromosome Chromatid
In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the Cytoplasm starts to divide Cleavage Furrow
Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm divides and two cells with identical genetic material are formed Daughter Cells
A B C D E Quick Review – Place Cells in Mitosis Order
Quick Review: Identify What happens in each phase of Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
Why Do Cells Divide? The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on it's DNA.
The bigger the cell gets the harder it becomes to move food and waste across the membrane Food goes in Waste goes out
So, once cells reach a certain size they must divide in order to continue to function – or they will no longer be able to take in nutrients and eliminate waste.
Why Is Cell Division Important? 1. All Living Things are made of Cells
2. The Cell is the basic unit of Structure and Function in Living Things.
3. All Cells come from pre existing Cells
You are a living organism, made of cells. In order to keep living, your cells must stay alive. In order for cells to keep living, they must divide and multiply
Meiosis Why We Are Who We Are
Meiosis Takes place in the Gametes of an organism People have a Chromosome count of 46 When an egg joins a sperm the count must stay at 46 to remain human So, the egg can only have 23 chromosomes, and the sperm can only have 23 chromosomes But, the integrity of the organism must be maintained.
During Meiosis gamete (sex) cells undergo a “double division”, maintaining the DNA, but reducing the chromosomal count to 23 + = Sperm (23) + Egg (23) = Fertilized Cell (46)
Original Gamete Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 2 Daughter Cells Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Cytokinesis – 4 Gametes
At the end of Meiosis the individual Gamete cell has divided from one cell to four. Males produce 4 viable sperm. Females produce 1 viable egg and 3 non functioning polar bodies.
Meiosis ensures that all living organisms will maintain both Genetic Diversity and Genetic Integrity

More Related Content

cell division mitosis meiosis.pptx

  • 2. Cell Division What is it? Why do Cells do it? Why is it important to me?
  • 3. Cell Division Also known as Mitosis Takes place in Regular Body Cells Keeps Cells Living and Growing
  • 5. Mitosis The Basic Phases of a Cell’s Life: •Interphase •Prophase •Metaphase •Anaphase •Telophase •Cytokinesis
  • 6. Interphase The longest stage of a Cell’s life The time spent between divisions Produces all materials required for growth Preparation for division
  • 7. Part of Interphase is also known as the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle (Growth Phase)
  • 8. The Second part of Interphase is known as the S Phase of the Cell Cycle (Synthesis Phase – when DNA duplicates)
  • 9. The third part of the Cell Cycle, G2, is just a checkpoint to make sure the DNA is correct. Next step – Mitosis
  • 10. Mitosis: Cell Division The last part of the Cell Cycle is called Mitosis and has 4 phases during which the cell divides into 2 cells
  • 11. Prophase The Cell begins the division process 1. The nucleolus disappears, 2. The nuclear membrane breaks apart
  • 12. 3. The chromosomes become visible 4. The spindle apparatus forms and attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes
  • 13. Metaphase The Second Phase of Mitosis 4.The Nuclear Membrane is completely gone 2. The duplicated chromosomes line up along the cell's equator.
  • 15. Anaphase The third phase of Mitosis Diploid sets of daughter chromosomes separate They are pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers
  • 17. Telophase The nuclear membrane and nucleoli (nucleus) reform. Cytokinesis is nearly complete,
  • 18. The Cell Plate begins to form The Cell prepares for final division
  • 19. Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear material are evenly split and two new cells are formed. Cell Plate
  • 20. The two new cells – each exactly like the other – are called Daughter Cells
  • 21. Interphase – The Cell spends the majority of its life here, growing and functioning. During the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis
  • 22. In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes get small, centrioles move to the poles of the nucleus, and spindle fibers develop Pair of Centrioles Spindle Fibers Chromosomes consisting of 2 Sister Chromatids
  • 23. Late Prophase happens when the Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and spindle fibers begin to move Chromosomes toward the center of cell. Spindle Fibers Chromosomes
  • 24. During Metaphase the Chromosomes line up across center of the cell, also called the equator, or Metaphase plate. Spindle Fibers Chromosomes Equator, or Metaphase Plate
  • 25. In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite ends of cellular spindle Daughter Chromosomes Chromosome Chromatid
  • 26. In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the Cytoplasm starts to divide Cleavage Furrow
  • 27. Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm divides and two cells with identical genetic material are formed Daughter Cells
  • 28. A B C D E Quick Review – Place Cells in Mitosis Order
  • 29. Quick Review: Identify What happens in each phase of Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase
  • 30. Why Do Cells Divide? The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on it's DNA.
  • 31. The bigger the cell gets the harder it becomes to move food and waste across the membrane Food goes in Waste goes out
  • 32. So, once cells reach a certain size they must divide in order to continue to function – or they will no longer be able to take in nutrients and eliminate waste.
  • 33. Why Is Cell Division Important? 1. All Living Things are made of Cells
  • 34. 2. The Cell is the basic unit of Structure and Function in Living Things.
  • 35. 3. All Cells come from pre existing Cells
  • 36. You are a living organism, made of cells. In order to keep living, your cells must stay alive. In order for cells to keep living, they must divide and multiply
  • 37. Meiosis Why We Are Who We Are
  • 38. Meiosis Takes place in the Gametes of an organism People have a Chromosome count of 46 When an egg joins a sperm the count must stay at 46 to remain human So, the egg can only have 23 chromosomes, and the sperm can only have 23 chromosomes But, the integrity of the organism must be maintained.
  • 39. During Meiosis gamete (sex) cells undergo a “double division”, maintaining the DNA, but reducing the chromosomal count to 23 + = Sperm (23) + Egg (23) = Fertilized Cell (46)
  • 40. Original Gamete Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 2 Daughter Cells Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 Cytokinesis – 4 Gametes
  • 41. At the end of Meiosis the individual Gamete cell has divided from one cell to four. Males produce 4 viable sperm. Females produce 1 viable egg and 3 non functioning polar bodies.
  • 42. Meiosis ensures that all living organisms will maintain both Genetic Diversity and Genetic Integrity

Editor's Notes

  1. the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material Cells need to divide for your body to grow and for body tissue such as skin to continuously renew itself . And make new self The cell cycle allows multiicellular organisms to grow and divide and single-celled organisms to reproduce.
  2. Mitosis occurs in nearly every cell in the human body. It is essential for our body's growth, development and repair. Mitosis helps organisms grow in size and repair damaged tissue.
  3. it is the stage during which all the preparation for cell division takes place. between 18 and 20 hours. Chromatin refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms.
  4. The cell double checks the duplicated chromosome for some errors, making any needed repairs
  5. a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical daughter cells. 
  6. Nuleolus- area inside the nucleus
  7. chromosomes align along the equator of the cell, with one chromatid facing each pole
  8. sister chromatids separate spindle fibers attached to kinetochores shorten and pull chromatids towards the poles.
  9. nuclear envelopes form around both groups of chromosomes uclear envelope separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.  he final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes.
  10. cytokinesis occurs, enclosing each daughter nucleus into a separate cell
  11. Cell growth and repaired
  12. the cell starts to break down some structures and build others up, setting the stage for division of the chromosomes.
  13. ang nuclear envelope ay nawasak
  14. Cells need to divide for your body to grow and for body tissue such as skin to continuously renew itself . And make new self
  15.  The larger a cell gets, the more difficult it is for nutrients and gases to move in and out of the cell.
  16. cells don't just appear out of thin air 
  17. Meiosis is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells.