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Cell organelles

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Rachael Hubbard
Rachael Hubbard

The document summarizes the main organelles found within cells. It describes the cytoplasm, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cell wall, chloroplasts, and central vacuole. The key functions of each organelle are outlined, such as the nucleus storing DNA, mitochondria generating ATP through cellular respiration, and chloroplasts carrying out photosynthesis in plant cells. Comparisons are made between animal and plant cells, noting structures like the cell wall and central vacuole that are unique to plant cells.

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Cell Organelles By: Karyn Ferguson
CYTOPLASM Gel-like aqueous substances that contains all cell components Cytoplasm has three main functions, energy, storage, and manufacturing
CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE Function: allows exchange of small molecules from one side of the membrane to the other and is – SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE Prevents outside interference
CYTOSKELETON General: Maintaining cell shape and size. Help with movement of organelles inside cell Microfilament: Aid in cellular movement and contraction (muscle) Microtubule Assist in cell division (centrioles)
THE NUCLEUS The nucleus stores and processes genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from outside intrusions. Nuclear pores transport of information Nucleolus housed in nucleus and produces ribosomes
MITOCHONDRIA Within the cytoplasm of the cell The cell ’s “ Power House ” Site for CELLULAR RESPIRATION and generates fuel for the cell's activities in the form of ATP They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Pathway of membranes or tubules around the cell – TRANSPORT SYSTEM Rough E.R .: synthesizes or makes proteins b/c of ribosomes – will be transported to golgi apparatus Smooth E.R .: manufactures steroids
RIBOSOME – The Laborer Function: Produces and assembles proteins by bringing RNA and amino acids together. - produced in nucleolus and embedded on rough E.R
GOLGI APPARATUS Golgi apparatus is essentially a protein “Packaging Plant” Manufactures, packages and transports proteins and other molecules Works with E.R. in altering or modifying proteins for export
Transport of Proteins
Animal Cell vs. Plant Generalized Animal Cell Lysosome Generalize Plant Cell Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast
LYSOSOME Located throughout cytoplasm “ Suicide bags” – Contains digestive enzymes that break down or digest macromolecules, old organelles, viruses and bacteria that are unwanted by the cell
CELL WALL Surrounds outside of plant cells Composed of long strands of the polysaccharide, cellulose Helps keep plant cells rigid Functions: to protect the cell against injury and invasion from harmful materials. Provides cellular support
CHLOROPLAST Flattened membranous sac found in cytoplasm of plant cells Chloroplast Site for PHOTOSYNTHESIS where plants use CO 2 , water and sunlight to produce energy in the form of glucose Contain the light-sensitive pigments, called chlorophyll a.
CENTRAL VACUOLE Plant: Central location of cell (most typical) 90% Functions in storage, digestion and releasing of waste products Types: STORAGE : ions, molecules, water

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Cell organelles

  • 1. Cell Organelles By: Karyn Ferguson
  • 2. CYTOPLASM Gel-like aqueous substances that contains all cell components Cytoplasm has three main functions, energy, storage, and manufacturing
  • 3. CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE Function: allows exchange of small molecules from one side of the membrane to the other and is – SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE Prevents outside interference
  • 4. CYTOSKELETON General: Maintaining cell shape and size. Help with movement of organelles inside cell Microfilament: Aid in cellular movement and contraction (muscle) Microtubule Assist in cell division (centrioles)
  • 5. THE NUCLEUS The nucleus stores and processes genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA. The nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from outside intrusions. Nuclear pores transport of information Nucleolus housed in nucleus and produces ribosomes
  • 6. MITOCHONDRIA Within the cytoplasm of the cell The cell ’s “ Power House ” Site for CELLULAR RESPIRATION and generates fuel for the cell's activities in the form of ATP They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
  • 7. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Pathway of membranes or tubules around the cell – TRANSPORT SYSTEM Rough E.R .: synthesizes or makes proteins b/c of ribosomes – will be transported to golgi apparatus Smooth E.R .: manufactures steroids
  • 8. RIBOSOME – The Laborer Function: Produces and assembles proteins by bringing RNA and amino acids together. - produced in nucleolus and embedded on rough E.R
  • 9. GOLGI APPARATUS Golgi apparatus is essentially a protein “Packaging Plant” Manufactures, packages and transports proteins and other molecules Works with E.R. in altering or modifying proteins for export
  • 11. Animal Cell vs. Plant Generalized Animal Cell Lysosome Generalize Plant Cell Cell Wall Vacuole Chloroplast
  • 12. LYSOSOME Located throughout cytoplasm “ Suicide bags” – Contains digestive enzymes that break down or digest macromolecules, old organelles, viruses and bacteria that are unwanted by the cell
  • 13. CELL WALL Surrounds outside of plant cells Composed of long strands of the polysaccharide, cellulose Helps keep plant cells rigid Functions: to protect the cell against injury and invasion from harmful materials. Provides cellular support
  • 14. CHLOROPLAST Flattened membranous sac found in cytoplasm of plant cells Chloroplast Site for PHOTOSYNTHESIS where plants use CO 2 , water and sunlight to produce energy in the form of glucose Contain the light-sensitive pigments, called chlorophyll a.
  • 15. CENTRAL VACUOLE Plant: Central location of cell (most typical) 90% Functions in storage, digestion and releasing of waste products Types: STORAGE : ions, molecules, water