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Cells

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All organisms are made up of cells, which are the smallest functional and structural units. Eukaryotic cells contain DNA within a nucleus, as well as other organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells originated from engulfed prokaryotes that developed into specialized organelles. Evidence for this includes cellular membranes and DNA being similar to prokaryotes. Multicellular organisms evolved as cells began to specialize and cooperate to allow organisms to grow larger while maintaining efficient nutrient exchange.

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CELLS Let´s remember!
 All organisms are made up of cells.  The smallest functional and structural unit.
WHAT DO CELLS HAVE IN COMMON?  DNA The genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic DNA is not contained in DNA is contained in an a nucleus. organelle called nucleus.
 Cytoplasm Includes the fluid and the organelles.  Organelles Specialized to perform a specific function.  Cell Membrane A protective layer that controls the materials that enters or exit the cell.
EUKARYOTIC CELLS Animal Plant Mitochondria: cellular respiration. Ribosomes: makes proteins. Endoplasmatic Reticulum: makes proteins or lipids. Golgi Complex: deliver proteins and lipids. Lysosomes: contains Cell Wall: provides digestive enzymes . support. Large vacuola: storage. Chloroplasts: photosynthesis.
HOW WAS THE EUKARYOTIC CELL ORIGINATED?  Endosymbiotic Theory
 Videos
EVIDENCE?  Membranes
EVIDENCE?  Membranes  DNA
EVIDENCE?  Membranes  DNA  Reproduction
WE ALL SHARE THE SAME ANCESTOR...  LUCA: Last Universal Common Ancestor.
FROM UNICELLULAR TO MULTICELLULAR  Unicellular: Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
 When a cell grows in size it needs more nutrients and produces more waste.  In addition the internal organization of the cell gets more complicated because all functions are disperse in a bigger space.  It is necessary that cellular size is mantein small to favour reactions and exchange with the outside.
Cells
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS  They can reach a big size because they are made up off lots of cells!
WHAT IS THE STRATEGY?  Cell Specialization: cells differ in size and function: they perform different roles.
 The cells cooperate with each other to achieve the functionality of the whole organism.

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Cells

  • 2.  All organisms are made up of cells.  The smallest functional and structural unit.
  • 3. WHAT DO CELLS HAVE IN COMMON?  DNA The genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic DNA is not contained in DNA is contained in an a nucleus. organelle called nucleus.
  • 4.  Cytoplasm Includes the fluid and the organelles.  Organelles Specialized to perform a specific function.  Cell Membrane A protective layer that controls the materials that enters or exit the cell.
  • 5. EUKARYOTIC CELLS Animal Plant Mitochondria: cellular respiration. Ribosomes: makes proteins. Endoplasmatic Reticulum: makes proteins or lipids. Golgi Complex: deliver proteins and lipids. Lysosomes: contains Cell Wall: provides digestive enzymes . support. Large vacuola: storage. Chloroplasts: photosynthesis.
  • 6. HOW WAS THE EUKARYOTIC CELL ORIGINATED?  Endosymbiotic Theory
  • 11. WE ALL SHARE THE SAME ANCESTOR...  LUCA: Last Universal Common Ancestor.
  • 12. FROM UNICELLULAR TO MULTICELLULAR  Unicellular: Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
  • 13.  When a cell grows in size it needs more nutrients and produces more waste.  In addition the internal organization of the cell gets more complicated because all functions are disperse in a bigger space.  It is necessary that cellular size is mantein small to favour reactions and exchange with the outside.
  • 15. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS  They can reach a big size because they are made up off lots of cells!
  • 16. WHAT IS THE STRATEGY?  Cell Specialization: cells differ in size and function: they perform different roles.
  • 17.  The cells cooperate with each other to achieve the functionality of the whole organism.