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Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)

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Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin
Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin

The document discusses the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in hospitals. It describes CSSD as the department responsible for receiving, cleaning, sterilizing, storing, and distributing medical supplies and equipment. The summary outlines the key areas and workflow of a CSSD, including receiving used items, cleaning, packing, sterilizing via autoclave or ethylene oxide, temporary storage, and distribution. It also discusses CSSD design considerations like layout, zoning, staffing, and quality assurance processes.

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CSSD Colonel Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin M Phil, MPH, PGD (Health Economics, MBBS Armed Forces Medical Institute (AFMI)
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) comprises that service within a hospital which receives stores; processes, distributes and controls professional supplies and equipment, both sterile and non-sterile to and from all departments of the hospital for the care and safety of patients
Ideally, CSSD is an independent department with facilities to receive, clean, pack, disinfect, sterilizes, store and distribute instruments and supplies as per well-delineated protocols.
By custom diets, medicines, laundry, supply of blood and crystalloid are not included in activities of CSSD.
BACKGROUND
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
Objective and Functions a. To provide sterilized material. b. Contributing to a reduction in the incidence of hospital infection. c. To avoid duplication of costly equipment. d. To maintain record of effectiveness of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process.
e. To monitor and enforce controls necessary to prevent cross infection. f. To maintain an inventory of supplies and equipment. g. To stay updated regarding developments in the field. h. To provide a safe environment for the patients and staff.
Designing of a CSSD • Size and location of CSSD varies • 7 to 10 square feet per bed is recommended • It should be located as close as possible to Operation theatres, Accidents and Emergency department and wards • The CSSD layout should be designed for a unidirectional flow
CSSD should have four zones for a smooth work flow: a. The unclean and washing area b. The assembly and packing area c. The sterilization area d. The sterile area
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
PLANNING of CSSD - The materials/ items from contaminated and sterile areas should not get mixed. - There should be physical barrier between clean and dirty areas. - The floor should be smooth, impervious, non skid and robust. - Relative humidity should be maintained at 45±5 %
- The clean area should be maintained at positive pressures. - The minimum ventilation rate should be 6-10 air changes / hour. - The work area should be made of marble / granite / stainless steel. - The sterilization must be planned for autoclaving by steam as well as by gas.
Location • The CSSD should be close to the casualty, Operation Theatre and wards which are the largest consumer of the sterilized material. • In multistoried buildings, CSSD may be planned in the lower floor right under the Operation Theatre, where vertical movement will be the quickest possible movement of the material.
Floor Space Serial Beds available Floor space required for CSSD 1 75-99 10 sq feet per bed 2 100-149 9 sq feet per bed 3 150-199 8.5 sq feet per bed 4 200-249 8 sq feet per bed 5 250-299 7.5 sq feet per bed 6 300 or More 7 sq feet per bed
LAYOUT OF CSSD
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
Physical Facility and Equipment Availability at CSSD Ser Rooms in the CSSD Nature of the work Provision of the Space (%) 1. Wash Rooms Dirty 10 2. Work Room (Packing Room) Clean 26 3. Syringe & Needle Processing Clean 9 4. Unsterile Pack Store Clean 4 5. Bulk Store Clean 11 6. Sterile Store Sterile 16 7. Miscellaneous (a)Gloves room (b)Office room (c)Rest room Clean 19 8. Autoclaves Clean 5
WORK FLOW  MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN A CSSD:  RECEIVING THE USED ITEMS FROM USER DEPARTMENTS  CLEANING  PACKING  STERILIZING  STORING (TEMPORARY)  DISTRIBUTING TO USER DEPARTMENTS
WORK FLOW OF CSSD
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
CSSD- Work Flow
FLOW PROCESS OF CSSD
RECEIVING AREA • Used item from various departments of the hospital are shifted to CSSD for cleaning and sterilization. • Ideally, the items that get soiled with blood or body fluid should be decontaminated with Sodium Hypochloride solution in the user department itself before sending to CSSD.
• The Receiving Area of CSSD should have access to outside through a window with a counter. • The items (Specially for instruments in trays) are counted and Received. • Thereafter, the instruments are inspected and blunt/unsuitable Instruments are segregated/discarded. • Necessary entries are made for records. • Thereafter, the items are shifted to Cleaning area.
CLEANING AREA • HERE THE INSTRUMENTS ARE WASHED EITHER MANUALLY OR IN MACHINES. • FOR MANUAL WASHING, SINKS WITH WATER SUPPLY AND WORKING COUNTERS ARE ORGANIZED. DETERGENTS AND BRUSHES OF VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA. • ULTRASONIC WASHER IS A MACHINE USED FOR CLEANING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. IT CONVERTS HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND WAVES INTO MECHANICAL VIBRATION THAT PRODUCES SMALL BUBBLES THAT BURST ON THE INTERNAL SURFACES OF INSTRUMENTS AND DISLODGE THE WASTE PARTICLES.
- ‘TUNNEL WASHER’ IS HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED AND EXPENSIVE MACHINE THAT ALLOWS TOTALLY HAND-OFF PROCESSING. INSTRUMENTS IN PERFORATE OR MESH BOTTOM TRAYS COMING FROM OPERATING ROOM OR OTHER DEPARTMENTS ARE PLACED INTO THE TUNNEL WASHER WITHOUT ANY FURTHER HANDLING. THE INSTRUMENTS ARE SUBJECTED TO CYCLES OF WASHING, RINSING, ULTRASONIC CLEANING AND DRYING. - AFTER THE INSTRUMENTS ARE WASHED, THEY ARE DRIED IN OVEN DRYER AND SHIFTED TO PACKING AREA.
PACKING AREA - CLEAN AND DRY INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED BEFORE STERILIZATION, SO THAT THEY ARE NOT CONTAMINATED WHILE HANDLING AFTER THEY ARE STERILIZED. MOST OF THE INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED IN TRAYS (TRAY ASSEMBLY) THAT ARE WRAPPED WITH DOUBLE LAYER OF COTTON CLOTH. PAPER ENVELOPES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FOR PACKING THE INSTRUMENTS. THESE ARE EQUALLY EFFECTIVE BUT EXPANSIVE. PLASTIC BAGS (ETO BAGS) ARE USED FOR PACKING THE ITEMS FOR ETO STERILIZATION. THE PACKS ARE LABELED INDICATING DATE OF STERILIZATION AND DATE OF EXPIRY (WHEREVER POSSIBLE). - SEALING MACHINE IS USED FOR THE SEALING THE PLASTIC BAGS IN WHICH INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED. AFTER PACKING AND SEALING, THE INSTRUMENTS ARE SHIFTED FOR STERILIZATION.
STERILIZING AREA STERILIZATION IS DONE BY EITHER OF THE TWO METHODS IN CSSD:  STEAM STERILIZATION BY AUTOCLAVES  GAS STERILIZATION BY ETO (ETHYLENE OXIDE) MACHINES  AUTOCLAVE: STEAM UNDER PRESSURE IS THE MOST COST- EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STERILIZATION, “AUTOCLAVE” GENERATES STEAM AT A TEMPERATURE OF 121 DEGREE CENTIGRADE UNDER 15 POUNDS OF PRESSURE. AN EXPOSURE OF 20 MINUTES IS REQUIRED FOR STERILIZATION.  FLASH STERILIZER: THIS IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF AUTOCLAVE THAT HAS A VERY SHORT STERILIZATION CYCLE OF ABOUT 3 - 5 MINUTES BECAUSE OF ITS ABILITY TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO 132 DEGREE CENTIGRADE.
 ETO STERILIZER: THE ITEMS LIKE CARDIAC CATHETERS ARE THERMO SENSITIVE AND THEREFORE CANNOT BE STERILIZED BY STEAM. SUCH ITEMS ARE STERILIZED BY ETHYLENE OXIDE (ETO) GAS STERILIZATION. THE ETO IS AN EXPANSIVE AND TOXIC GAS. IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THESE ITEMS ARE MADE FREE OF GAS MOLECULES BEFORE USING THEM ON A PATIENT. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY SUBJECTING THE ITEMS TO FORCED VENTILATION. THE ENTIRE CYCLE MAY TAKE ABOUT 8- 12 HRS.
STORE AFTER STERILIZATION, THE ITEMS ARE TEMPORARILY STORED IN A CLEAN STORE (ON RACKS) FROM WHERE THEY ARE DISTRIBUTED TO USER DEPARTMENTS
DISTRIBUTION AREA - IT SHOULD BE AWAY FROM THE RECEIVING AREA AND MAY COMPRISE OF A WINDOW WITH COUNTER. - IN MODERN HOSPITALS, THERE MAY BE A SEPARATE LIFT FOR TRANSPORTING THE STERILE MATERIALS TO USER DEPARTMENTS.
TRANSPORT TO OT USED MATERIALS TRANSPORT CLEANING DISINFECTION INSPECTION TRAY ASSEMBLY PACKAGING STERILIZATION STERILE STORAGE CSSD
Staffing of CSSD
STAFF • CSSD IS USUALLY MANNED BY FOLLOWING STAFFS: - CSSD IN CHARGE/ MANAGER: SUPERVISES ACTIVITIES OF CSSD. - CSSD TECHNICIANS: OPERATE THE AUTOCLAVE AND ETO MACHINES. - CSSD ASSISTANTS: PERFORM THE CLEANING AND PACKING, GAUGE CUTTING AND COTTON BALL MAKING. - CLERK OR STOREKEEPER: TO MANAGE THE INVENTORY AND STERILE STORES. - HOUSEKEEPING STAFF.
Staffing should be planned based on the following factors:- – Average 02 technicians for 100 beds and one technical supervisors. – One clerk for keeping records, accounting and supply per shift. – Average 04 attendants per 100 beds in all shifts. – Adequate number of cleaning attendants and transporters. – One technician and two attendants should be stationed at each zone.
ORGANOGRAM CSSD Supervisor. CSSD Attendant. CSSD Technician. Messengers. Boiler attendant. Clerks. Cleaners.
Quality Assurance • Mechanical Indicators: MONITORING RECORD TIME, TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND PRESSURE DURING THE STERILIZATION CYCLE. • Chemical Indicators: DEVICES WITH A SENSITIVE CHEMICAL OR DYE TO MONITOR ONE OR MORE PARAMETERS OF A STERILIZATION CYCLE. • Biological Indicators: EMPLOY THE PRINCIPLE OF INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF MICROORGANISM OF HIGH RESISTANCE.
Mechanical: Biological: Chemical:
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)
ROLE OF CSSD MANAGER • MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF EQUIPMENT • INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLE • ENSURE QUALITY OF STERILIZATION • ENSURE PROPER DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT • COST CONTROL MEASURE, TO ANALYZE AND REDUCE THE NUMBER OF CYCLE • RECORD KEEPING AND DATA ANALYSIS • OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT • MOTIVATION OF STAFF AND TRAINING • INTER DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION
Conclusion In most healthcare facilities, the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) plays a key role in providing the items required to deliver quality patient care. A well planned, well managed and well staffed CSSD can ensure an infection free environment of hospital and save valuable life and money.
THANK YOU

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Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD)

  • 1. CSSD Colonel Zulfiquer Ahmed Amin M Phil, MPH, PGD (Health Economics, MBBS Armed Forces Medical Institute (AFMI)
  • 2. The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) comprises that service within a hospital which receives stores; processes, distributes and controls professional supplies and equipment, both sterile and non-sterile to and from all departments of the hospital for the care and safety of patients
  • 3. Ideally, CSSD is an independent department with facilities to receive, clean, pack, disinfect, sterilizes, store and distribute instruments and supplies as per well-delineated protocols.
  • 4. By custom diets, medicines, laundry, supply of blood and crystalloid are not included in activities of CSSD.
  • 8. Objective and Functions a. To provide sterilized material. b. Contributing to a reduction in the incidence of hospital infection. c. To avoid duplication of costly equipment. d. To maintain record of effectiveness of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization process.
  • 9. e. To monitor and enforce controls necessary to prevent cross infection. f. To maintain an inventory of supplies and equipment. g. To stay updated regarding developments in the field. h. To provide a safe environment for the patients and staff.
  • 10. Designing of a CSSD • Size and location of CSSD varies • 7 to 10 square feet per bed is recommended • It should be located as close as possible to Operation theatres, Accidents and Emergency department and wards • The CSSD layout should be designed for a unidirectional flow
  • 11. CSSD should have four zones for a smooth work flow: a. The unclean and washing area b. The assembly and packing area c. The sterilization area d. The sterile area
  • 14. PLANNING of CSSD - The materials/ items from contaminated and sterile areas should not get mixed. - There should be physical barrier between clean and dirty areas. - The floor should be smooth, impervious, non skid and robust. - Relative humidity should be maintained at 45±5 %
  • 15. - The clean area should be maintained at positive pressures. - The minimum ventilation rate should be 6-10 air changes / hour. - The work area should be made of marble / granite / stainless steel. - The sterilization must be planned for autoclaving by steam as well as by gas.
  • 16. Location • The CSSD should be close to the casualty, Operation Theatre and wards which are the largest consumer of the sterilized material. • In multistoried buildings, CSSD may be planned in the lower floor right under the Operation Theatre, where vertical movement will be the quickest possible movement of the material.
  • 17. Floor Space Serial Beds available Floor space required for CSSD 1 75-99 10 sq feet per bed 2 100-149 9 sq feet per bed 3 150-199 8.5 sq feet per bed 4 200-249 8 sq feet per bed 5 250-299 7.5 sq feet per bed 6 300 or More 7 sq feet per bed
  • 20. Physical Facility and Equipment Availability at CSSD Ser Rooms in the CSSD Nature of the work Provision of the Space (%) 1. Wash Rooms Dirty 10 2. Work Room (Packing Room) Clean 26 3. Syringe & Needle Processing Clean 9 4. Unsterile Pack Store Clean 4 5. Bulk Store Clean 11 6. Sterile Store Sterile 16 7. Miscellaneous (a)Gloves room (b)Office room (c)Rest room Clean 19 8. Autoclaves Clean 5
  • 21. WORK FLOW  MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN A CSSD:  RECEIVING THE USED ITEMS FROM USER DEPARTMENTS  CLEANING  PACKING  STERILIZING  STORING (TEMPORARY)  DISTRIBUTING TO USER DEPARTMENTS
  • 22. WORK FLOW OF CSSD
  • 26. RECEIVING AREA • Used item from various departments of the hospital are shifted to CSSD for cleaning and sterilization. • Ideally, the items that get soiled with blood or body fluid should be decontaminated with Sodium Hypochloride solution in the user department itself before sending to CSSD.
  • 27. • The Receiving Area of CSSD should have access to outside through a window with a counter. • The items (Specially for instruments in trays) are counted and Received. • Thereafter, the instruments are inspected and blunt/unsuitable Instruments are segregated/discarded. • Necessary entries are made for records. • Thereafter, the items are shifted to Cleaning area.
  • 28. CLEANING AREA • HERE THE INSTRUMENTS ARE WASHED EITHER MANUALLY OR IN MACHINES. • FOR MANUAL WASHING, SINKS WITH WATER SUPPLY AND WORKING COUNTERS ARE ORGANIZED. DETERGENTS AND BRUSHES OF VARIOUS SIZES AND SHAPES ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA. • ULTRASONIC WASHER IS A MACHINE USED FOR CLEANING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS. IT CONVERTS HIGH FREQUENCY SOUND WAVES INTO MECHANICAL VIBRATION THAT PRODUCES SMALL BUBBLES THAT BURST ON THE INTERNAL SURFACES OF INSTRUMENTS AND DISLODGE THE WASTE PARTICLES.
  • 29. - ‘TUNNEL WASHER’ IS HIGHLY SOPHISTICATED AND EXPENSIVE MACHINE THAT ALLOWS TOTALLY HAND-OFF PROCESSING. INSTRUMENTS IN PERFORATE OR MESH BOTTOM TRAYS COMING FROM OPERATING ROOM OR OTHER DEPARTMENTS ARE PLACED INTO THE TUNNEL WASHER WITHOUT ANY FURTHER HANDLING. THE INSTRUMENTS ARE SUBJECTED TO CYCLES OF WASHING, RINSING, ULTRASONIC CLEANING AND DRYING. - AFTER THE INSTRUMENTS ARE WASHED, THEY ARE DRIED IN OVEN DRYER AND SHIFTED TO PACKING AREA.
  • 30. PACKING AREA - CLEAN AND DRY INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED BEFORE STERILIZATION, SO THAT THEY ARE NOT CONTAMINATED WHILE HANDLING AFTER THEY ARE STERILIZED. MOST OF THE INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED IN TRAYS (TRAY ASSEMBLY) THAT ARE WRAPPED WITH DOUBLE LAYER OF COTTON CLOTH. PAPER ENVELOPES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FOR PACKING THE INSTRUMENTS. THESE ARE EQUALLY EFFECTIVE BUT EXPANSIVE. PLASTIC BAGS (ETO BAGS) ARE USED FOR PACKING THE ITEMS FOR ETO STERILIZATION. THE PACKS ARE LABELED INDICATING DATE OF STERILIZATION AND DATE OF EXPIRY (WHEREVER POSSIBLE). - SEALING MACHINE IS USED FOR THE SEALING THE PLASTIC BAGS IN WHICH INSTRUMENTS ARE PACKED. AFTER PACKING AND SEALING, THE INSTRUMENTS ARE SHIFTED FOR STERILIZATION.
  • 31. STERILIZING AREA STERILIZATION IS DONE BY EITHER OF THE TWO METHODS IN CSSD:  STEAM STERILIZATION BY AUTOCLAVES  GAS STERILIZATION BY ETO (ETHYLENE OXIDE) MACHINES  AUTOCLAVE: STEAM UNDER PRESSURE IS THE MOST COST- EFFECTIVE METHOD OF STERILIZATION, “AUTOCLAVE” GENERATES STEAM AT A TEMPERATURE OF 121 DEGREE CENTIGRADE UNDER 15 POUNDS OF PRESSURE. AN EXPOSURE OF 20 MINUTES IS REQUIRED FOR STERILIZATION.  FLASH STERILIZER: THIS IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF AUTOCLAVE THAT HAS A VERY SHORT STERILIZATION CYCLE OF ABOUT 3 - 5 MINUTES BECAUSE OF ITS ABILITY TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO 132 DEGREE CENTIGRADE.
  • 32.  ETO STERILIZER: THE ITEMS LIKE CARDIAC CATHETERS ARE THERMO SENSITIVE AND THEREFORE CANNOT BE STERILIZED BY STEAM. SUCH ITEMS ARE STERILIZED BY ETHYLENE OXIDE (ETO) GAS STERILIZATION. THE ETO IS AN EXPANSIVE AND TOXIC GAS. IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THESE ITEMS ARE MADE FREE OF GAS MOLECULES BEFORE USING THEM ON A PATIENT. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY SUBJECTING THE ITEMS TO FORCED VENTILATION. THE ENTIRE CYCLE MAY TAKE ABOUT 8- 12 HRS.
  • 33. STORE AFTER STERILIZATION, THE ITEMS ARE TEMPORARILY STORED IN A CLEAN STORE (ON RACKS) FROM WHERE THEY ARE DISTRIBUTED TO USER DEPARTMENTS
  • 34. DISTRIBUTION AREA - IT SHOULD BE AWAY FROM THE RECEIVING AREA AND MAY COMPRISE OF A WINDOW WITH COUNTER. - IN MODERN HOSPITALS, THERE MAY BE A SEPARATE LIFT FOR TRANSPORTING THE STERILE MATERIALS TO USER DEPARTMENTS.
  • 37. STAFF • CSSD IS USUALLY MANNED BY FOLLOWING STAFFS: - CSSD IN CHARGE/ MANAGER: SUPERVISES ACTIVITIES OF CSSD. - CSSD TECHNICIANS: OPERATE THE AUTOCLAVE AND ETO MACHINES. - CSSD ASSISTANTS: PERFORM THE CLEANING AND PACKING, GAUGE CUTTING AND COTTON BALL MAKING. - CLERK OR STOREKEEPER: TO MANAGE THE INVENTORY AND STERILE STORES. - HOUSEKEEPING STAFF.
  • 38. Staffing should be planned based on the following factors:- – Average 02 technicians for 100 beds and one technical supervisors. – One clerk for keeping records, accounting and supply per shift. – Average 04 attendants per 100 beds in all shifts. – Adequate number of cleaning attendants and transporters. – One technician and two attendants should be stationed at each zone.
  • 39. ORGANOGRAM CSSD Supervisor. CSSD Attendant. CSSD Technician. Messengers. Boiler attendant. Clerks. Cleaners.
  • 40. Quality Assurance • Mechanical Indicators: MONITORING RECORD TIME, TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND PRESSURE DURING THE STERILIZATION CYCLE. • Chemical Indicators: DEVICES WITH A SENSITIVE CHEMICAL OR DYE TO MONITOR ONE OR MORE PARAMETERS OF A STERILIZATION CYCLE. • Biological Indicators: EMPLOY THE PRINCIPLE OF INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF MICROORGANISM OF HIGH RESISTANCE.
  • 44. ROLE OF CSSD MANAGER • MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF EQUIPMENT • INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLE • ENSURE QUALITY OF STERILIZATION • ENSURE PROPER DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORT • COST CONTROL MEASURE, TO ANALYZE AND REDUCE THE NUMBER OF CYCLE • RECORD KEEPING AND DATA ANALYSIS • OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT • MOTIVATION OF STAFF AND TRAINING • INTER DEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION
  • 45. Conclusion In most healthcare facilities, the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) plays a key role in providing the items required to deliver quality patient care. A well planned, well managed and well staffed CSSD can ensure an infection free environment of hospital and save valuable life and money.