Chapter 8 guided reading
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This document provides a reading guide and word study activity about the cellular basis of reproduction and inheritance. The reading guide contains questions about topics like the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, cancer, and genetic variation. The word study activity defines Greek and Latin roots used in biological terms related to cells, chromosomes, and reproduction.
Chapter 8 guided reading
- 1. CHAPTER 8 – The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Chapter Reading Guide I. WORD STUDY Please complete the following cloze passage section by determining the meaning of each root and then fill in the missing definition of the term which contains the root. a. ana- = _______________________ (anaphase: the mitotic stage in which ___________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ of the cell) b. auto- = _________________(autosome: the chromosomes _______________________ ) c. bi- = ____________(binary fission: __________________ in which a cell divides in half) d. centro- = _____________________ -mere = _______________ (centromere: the ____________________________________________________________ chromosome) e. chiasm- = _______________________ (chiasma: the X-shaped microscopically visible region representing ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________) f. chroma- = ________________________(chromatin: DNA and the various associated proteins that ____________________________________________________________ ) g. cyto- = __________________; -kinet = ________________________(cytokinesis: ____ _______________________________________________________________________) h. di- = _________________(diploid: cells that contain ____________________________ chromosomes) i. fertil- = _______________________(fertilization: process of _____________________ _______________________________________________________________________) j. gamet- = _________________________________ (gamete: a haploid ______________) k. gen- = _______________________ (genome: a cell’s ___________________________)
- 2. l. inter- = _____________________(interphase: _________________________________ and performs its various functions) m. haplo- = ____________________(haploid: cells that contain _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ) n. karyo- = __________________(karyotype: a display of _________________________) o. meio- = ________________(meiosis: a variation of cell division ___________________ _______________________________________________________________________) p. meta- = ________________(metaphase: the mitotic stage in which ________________ _______________________________________________________________________) q. soma- = ________________(somatic: _______________________________ in humans) II. READING GUIDE 1. Compare the relationship between a parent and its offspring resulting from asexual versus sexual reproduction. 2. Explain the significance of Virchow’s principle regarding cellular reproduction. 3. Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes.
- 3. prokaryotic chromosome eukaryotic chromosome 4. Describe the stages and significance of the cell cycle. 5. List the phases of mitosis and describe the events characteristic of each phase. Recognize the phases of mitosis from diagrams and micrographs. 6. Explain how anchorage, cell density, and growth factors control the cell cycle.
- 4. 7. (a) Explain how cancerous cells are different from healthy cells; distinguish between benign and malignant tumors; and explain the strategies behind some common cancer treatments. (b) Describe the main types of chromosomal changes. Explain why cancer is not usually inherited. 8. Distinguish between (a) somatic cells and gametes, (b) diploid cells and haploid cells, and (c) autosomes and sex chromosomes. 9. Describe key differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain how the end result of meiosis differs from that of mitosis. 10. Explain how independent orientation, crossing over, and random fertilization contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.