Chapter003 150907175411-lva1-app6891
- 1. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 The Language OfThe Language Of MedicineMedicine 1010thth editionedition Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner
- 2. Chapter 3 Suffixes Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2
- 3. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Chapter Goals • Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters. • Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms. • Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.
- 4. Chapter 3 Lesson 3.1 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
- 5. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Combining Forms • abdomin/o abdomen • acr/o extremities, top, extreme point • acu/o sharp, severe, sudden • aden/o gland • adip/o fat • amni/o amnion • angi/o vessel • arteri/o artery • arthr/o joint • axill/o armpit Combining Form MeaningCombining Form Meaning
- 6. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Combining Forms (cont’d) • bi/o life • blephar/o eyelid • bronch/o bronchial tubes • carcin/o cancer • cardi/o heart • chem/o drug, chemical • chondr/o cartilage • chron/o time • col/o colon (large intestine) • cyst/o urinary bladder Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 7. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Combining Forms (cont’d) • encephal/o brain • erythr/o red • hem/o blood • hepat/o liver • hydr/o water, fluid • inguin/o groin • isch/o to hold back • lapar/o abdomen, abdominal wall • laryng/o larynx • leuk/o white Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 8. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Combining Forms (cont’d) • lymph/o lymph • mamm/o breast • mast/o breast • morph/o shape, form • muc/o mucus • my/o muscle • myel/o spinal cord, bone marrow • necr/o death (of cells or whole body) • nephr/o kidney • neur/o nerve Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 9. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Combining Forms (cont’d) • neutr/o neutrophil • nucle/o nucleus • ophthalm/o eye • oste/o bone • ot/o ear • path/o disease • peritone/o peritoneum • phag/o to eat, swallow • phleb/o vein • plas/o formation, development Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 10. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Combining Forms (cont’d) • pleur/o pleura • pneumon/o lungs • pulmon/o lungs • radi/o x-rays • rect/o rectum • ren/o kidney • rhin/o nose • sarc/o flesh • splen/o spleen • staphyl/o clusters Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 11. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Combining Forms (cont’d) • strept/o twisted chains • thorac/o chest • thromb/o clot • tonsill/o tonsils • trache/o trachea (windpipe) • ven/o vein Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
- 12. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Suffixes and Terminology NOUN SUFFIXES -algia pain -cele hernia -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid -coccus (plural: berry-shaped bacterium -cocci) -cyte cell SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
- 13. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES -dynia pain -ectomy excision, removal, resection -emia blood condition -genesis condition of producing, forming -gram record SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
- 14. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES -graph instrument for recording -graphy process of recording -itis inflammation -logy study of -lysis breakdown, destruction, separation SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
- 15. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES -malacia softening -megaly enlargement -oma tumor, mass, collection of fluid -opsy to view -osis condition, usually abnormal SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
- 16. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES -pathy disease condition -penia deficiency -phobia fear -plasia development, formation, growth -plasty surgical repair SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
- 17. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of heights? A. Acromegaly B. Hydrophobia C. Acrophobia D. Agoraphobia
- 18. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 NOUN SUFFIXES -ptosis drooping, falling, prolapse -sclerosis hardening -scope instrument for visual examination -scopy process of visual examination (with an endoscope) -stasis controlling, stopping SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning Suffixes and Terminology
- 19. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 NOUN SUFFIXES -stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma) -therapy treatment -tomy incision, cutting into -trophy development, nourishment SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
- 20. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20 SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES -er one who -ia condition -ist specialist -ole little, small -ule little, small -um, -ium structure, tissue -us structure, substance -y condition, process SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
- 21. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -ac, -iac pertaining to -al pertaining to -ar pertaining to -ar pertaining to -eal pertaining to -genic pertaining to producing, produced by, or in SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
- 22. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -ic, -ical pertaining to -oid resembling -ose pertaining to, full of -ous pertaining to -tic pertaining to SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d)
- 23. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms • arthr/itis • blephar/o/ptosis • isch/emia • oste/o/genic • staphyl/o/cocci • inflammation of joint • drooping eyelid • loss of normal blood flow • produced by bone tissue • berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters Combining Forms + SuffixCombining Forms + Suffix MeaningMeaning
- 24. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24 A Closer Look: Hernia Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
- 25. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 QUICK QUIZ: 2. A rectocele is: A. a herniation of the intestines B. protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vaginal wall C. a hiatal hernia D. an omphalocele
- 26. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 A Closer Look: Streptococcus Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters
- 27. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27 A Closer Look: Blood Cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes or platelets • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Clotting cells
- 28. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d) 1. Erythrocytes • Red blood cells • Made in bone marrow • Carry oxygen from the lungs to all body cells • Hemoglobin: blood protein
- 29. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d) 2. Leukocytes • White blood cells • Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories Granulocytes Mononuclear leukocytes
- 30. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d) Granulocytes – three types • Eosinophils • Basophils • Neutrophils
- 31. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d) Mononuclear leukocytes – two types • Lymphocytes • Monocytes
- 32. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d) 3. Thrombocytes • Also known as platelets • Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the bone marrow • Necessary for blood clotting
- 33. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d)
- 34. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34 A Closer Look: Blood Cells (cont’d)
- 35. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35 QUICK QUIZ: 3. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting? A. Erythrocytes B. Granulocytes C. Monocytes D. Thrombocytes
- 36. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36 A Closer Look: Acromegaly Endocrine disorder Occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after completion of puberty Often results from a benign tumor of the pituitary gland Person typically is of normal height, but bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally Abraham Lincoln was believed to have features of acromegaly
- 37. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37 A Closer Look: Splenomegaly • Occurs with excessive hemolysis (red blood cells are destroyed) • If the spleen is removed, other organs carry out its functions
- 38. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38 A Closer Look: Laparoscopy • A form of minimally invasive surgery • Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope, a lighted telescopic instrument • Surgeon inserts the laparoscope through an incision in the abdomen near the navel • Used to examine abdominal viscera for evidence of disease or for various procedures
- 39. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39 A Closer Look: Adenoids • Small masses of lymphatic tissue • Located in the part of the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages • The literal meaning, “resembling glands,” is appropriate since they are neither endocrine nor exocrine glands • Adenoidectomy may be needed if they become enlarged and block the airway from the nose to the pharynx
- 40. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40 Pronunciation • ā as in āpe • ē as in ēven • ī as in īce • ō as in ōpen • ū as in ūnit • ă as in ăpple • ĕ as in ĕvery • ĭ as in ĭnterest • ŏ as in pŏt • ŭ as in ŭnder
- 41. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41 Pronunciation (cont’d) Examples: acute ă-KŪT basophil BĀ-sō-fĭl ischemia ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă paracentesis pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs
Editor's Notes
- The correct answer is C: acrophobia.
- What is Streptococcus? What are other berry-shaped bacteria?
- A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it. CYSTOCELE: when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall. RECTOCELE: protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
- The correct answer is B.
- What is the difference between Streptococcus and Staphylococcus? What is an abscess? What are the different types of hernias? When is an amniocentesis usually performed?
- What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?
- What is the distinction between granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes? An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).
- Formed in the blood marrow Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma Basophils – play a role in inflammation Neutrophils – important disease-fighting cells What do the prefixes for each type reflect? What are some other names for neutrophils?
- Lymphocytes fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies. Monocytes engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. What are two types of lymphocytes? What are macrophages?
- The correct answer is D: thrombocytes. Thrombocytes are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.
- What usually causes the excessive amount of growth hormone found in acromegaly?
- What is the spleen composed of? What is its function?
- Laparoscope – a lighted telescopic instrument What are the specific uses of laparoscopy?
- What is the literal meaning of adenoids? What may happen if adenoids become enlarged?
- Are all students clear on the differences in short and long vowel sounds?