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Civil rights part 3

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Fredrick Smith

Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalist groups like the Black Panthers and Nation of Islam created a more violent period in the fight for civil rights. As urban violence and riots erupted in northern cities in the mid-1960s, many African Americans grew angry at unequal treatment and lack of opportunities. Leaders like Stokely Carmichael and the Black Panthers advocated for "Black Power" and black self-sufficiency. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination in 1968 led to the worst riots in US history, though civil rights acts of the 1960s did achieve some gains in integration and anti-discrimination laws.

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1 of 8
NEXT Part 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism create a violent period in the fight for civil rights.
NEXT African Americans Seek Greater Equality Northern Segregation • De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North • De jure segregation is segregation required by law • WW II black migration to Northern cities results in “white flight” • 1960s, most urban blacks live in slums; landlords ignore ordinances • Black unemployment twice as high as white • Many blacks angry at treatment received from white police officers Challenges and Changes in the Movement Continued . . .
NEXT continued African Americans Seek Greater Equality Urban Violence Erupts • Mid-1960s, numerous clashes between white authority, black civilians - many result in riots • Many whites baffled by African-American rage • Blacks want, need equal opportunity in jobs, housing, education • Money for War on Poverty, Great Society redirected to Vietnam War
NEXT African-American Solidarity • Nation of Islam, Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites - believe whites source of black problems • Malcolm X—controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity • Frightens whites, moderate blacks; resented by other Black Muslims New Leaders Voice Discontent Continued . . . Ballots or Bullets? • Pilgrimage to Mecca changes Malcolm X’s attitude toward whites • Splits with Black Muslims; is killed in 1965 while giving speech
NEXT continued New Leaders Voice Discontent Black Power • CORE, SNCC become more militant; SCLC pursues traditional tactics • Stokely Carmichael, head of SNCC, calls for Black Power: - African Americans control own lives, communities, without whites Black Panthers • Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency • Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police • Provide social services in ghettos, win popular support
NEXT 1968—A Turning Point in Civil Rights King’s Death • King objects to Black Power movement, preaching of violence • Seems to sense own death in Memphis speech to striking workers • Is shot, dies the following day, April 4, 1968 Reactions to King’s Death • King’s death leads to worst urban rioting in U.S. history - over 100 cities affected • Robert Kennedy assassinated two months later
NEXT Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement Causes of Violence • Kerner Commission names racism as main cause of urban violence Civil Rights Gains • Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in housing • More black students finish high school, college; get better jobs • Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black Studies programs • More African-American participation in movies, television • Increased voter registration results in more black elected officials Continued . . .
NEXT continued Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement Unfinished Work • Forced busing, higher taxes, militancy, riots reduce white support • White flight reverses much progress toward school integration • Unemployment, poverty higher than for whites • Affirmative action—extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups • 1960s, colleges, companies doing government business adopt policy • Late 1970s, some criticize policy as reverse discrimination

More Related Content

Civil rights part 3

  • 1. NEXT Part 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism create a violent period in the fight for civil rights.
  • 2. NEXT African Americans Seek Greater Equality Northern Segregation • De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North • De jure segregation is segregation required by law • WW II black migration to Northern cities results in “white flight” • 1960s, most urban blacks live in slums; landlords ignore ordinances • Black unemployment twice as high as white • Many blacks angry at treatment received from white police officers Challenges and Changes in the Movement Continued . . .
  • 3. NEXT continued African Americans Seek Greater Equality Urban Violence Erupts • Mid-1960s, numerous clashes between white authority, black civilians - many result in riots • Many whites baffled by African-American rage • Blacks want, need equal opportunity in jobs, housing, education • Money for War on Poverty, Great Society redirected to Vietnam War
  • 4. NEXT African-American Solidarity • Nation of Islam, Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites - believe whites source of black problems • Malcolm X—controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity • Frightens whites, moderate blacks; resented by other Black Muslims New Leaders Voice Discontent Continued . . . Ballots or Bullets? • Pilgrimage to Mecca changes Malcolm X’s attitude toward whites • Splits with Black Muslims; is killed in 1965 while giving speech
  • 5. NEXT continued New Leaders Voice Discontent Black Power • CORE, SNCC become more militant; SCLC pursues traditional tactics • Stokely Carmichael, head of SNCC, calls for Black Power: - African Americans control own lives, communities, without whites Black Panthers • Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency • Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police • Provide social services in ghettos, win popular support
  • 6. NEXT 1968—A Turning Point in Civil Rights King’s Death • King objects to Black Power movement, preaching of violence • Seems to sense own death in Memphis speech to striking workers • Is shot, dies the following day, April 4, 1968 Reactions to King’s Death • King’s death leads to worst urban rioting in U.S. history - over 100 cities affected • Robert Kennedy assassinated two months later
  • 7. NEXT Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement Causes of Violence • Kerner Commission names racism as main cause of urban violence Civil Rights Gains • Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits discrimination in housing • More black students finish high school, college; get better jobs • Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black Studies programs • More African-American participation in movies, television • Increased voter registration results in more black elected officials Continued . . .
  • 8. NEXT continued Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement Unfinished Work • Forced busing, higher taxes, militancy, riots reduce white support • White flight reverses much progress toward school integration • Unemployment, poverty higher than for whites • Affirmative action—extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups • 1960s, colleges, companies doing government business adopt policy • Late 1970s, some criticize policy as reverse discrimination