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Climate

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Vanessa Cruda
Vanessa Cruda

The document discusses key concepts relating to climate and climate change. It defines climate as the overall weather pattern of a region over a long period of time, typically 30 years. It is influenced by several factors, including latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, ocean currents, and topography. Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global weather patterns and is exacerbated by human activities that release greenhouse gases and increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Climate change can have drastic effects including rising sea levels, more severe weather events, and threatened extinction of plant and animal species.

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CLIMATE
Pre-Diagnostic Assessment 1. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high land? a. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward. b. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side. c. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side. d. The leeward side receives more precipitation than the windward side.
2. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases? a. remains the same b. increases c. decreases d. varies
3. Which of the following best describe a climate? a. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day. b. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over along period of time. c. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short period of time. d. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long period of time.
4. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles? a. great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface b. great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas c. less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas d. less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
5. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal? a. Clouds form. b. The dew point is reached. c. The humidity increases. d. Precipitation occurs.
6. Which of the following can cause global warming? a. volcanic eruptions b. the amount of rainfall c. the rising of warm air into the atmosphere d. increase of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
7. When does greenhouse effect happen? a. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the atmosphere. b. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the earth’s interior. c. Greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere absorb heat from the outer space. d. Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorb heat from the earth’s surface.
8. Which activity does not contribute to global warming? a. reforestation b. illegal fishing c. mining activities d. incineration of garbage
9. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is located near the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city? a. latitude b. altitude c. topography d. all of these
10. Which of following is an indication of global warming? a. rising of sea level b. decrease of global temperature c. coastal erosion d. strong waves in the ocean
Definition of Terms  altitude- the height above sea level  climate- the overall condition of an area over a long period of time.  climate change- a long term shifting of global weather pattern  El Niño- brought about by the current of the ocean bringing warm air to a landmass in the Pacific region.
 fauna – composed of living animals.  flora- composed of different plant vegetation.  greenhouse effect- the increase of global temperature due to some atmospheric gases.  gyre- the circular patterns formed by surface currents.
 latitude- an imaginary line that is parallel to the equator.  leeward- the side of the mountain that receives less amount of precipitation.  longitude- an imaginary line that extends from north pole to south pole.  mitigation – a manner of modifying something to become useful.
 precipitation- forms when water vapor condenses and falls to the ground as rain, snow, hail or sleet.  topography- the surface features of an area.  temperature- refers to the hotness or coldness of an object.  windward- the side of the mountain that receives most of the precipitation.
Facts  Climate is the overall atmospheric condition of a place for a period of 30 years or more.  Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, distance from bodies of water, ocean currents, and topography.
Latitude  As the latitude increases, the smaller the angle of the sun’s rays strike the surface.  When the area is further from the equator, the air temperature is lower. When a place is closer to the equator, the air temperature is higher.
Altitude  The air temperature decreases as the altitude increases.  Baguio City is the summer capital of the Philippines because of its cold climate. It has an annual average temperature of 16⁰C. It has an elevation of 1435m above sea level.
Distance from bodies of water  Soil absorbs heat faster than water. Soil releases heat faster compared to water.  Places that are near oceans have moderate climate as the body of water regulates the temperature. Places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme climates.
Ocean currents
 Figure 6.1 shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around the world. In northern hemisphere, the current flows in clockwise direction. On the other hand, in southern hemisphere the current flows in counterclockwise direction. These clockwise and counterclockwise of ocean currents are caused by Coriolis Effect.
 Ocean currents that flow away from the equator carries warm water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.  When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases as warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting to a cold climate.
 When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass, the temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows inland, resulting to a warm climate.
Topography  One of the topographic features of an area is mountain. Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain region. The area in which the wind blows is called the windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain, forcing it to move upward. As it moves up, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. This will result in precipitation on the windward side.
 The air moves down towards the opposite region called leeward side. The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes warm and dry. As a result, the area near the leeward side becomes dry and has less precipitation. The dry region on the leeward side is called rain shadow. Vegetation in this region includes desert plants and grassland.
Climate
Summary  The closer the place is to the equator, the warmer the climate; the farther the place is from the equator the colder the climate.  Air temperature decreases when altitude increases.  Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area.
 Mountain ranges affect the formation of precipitation.  Ocean currents will either cool or warm the air above them.  Cold currents bring cold water while warm currents take along warm water.  Coriolis Effect deflects the ocean currents.
Climate change- a long term shifting of global weather pattern.
 Climate change brings drastic effects to some people and animals.  Human activities may speed up the rising of the global temperature.
Climate change  Global warming can bring about a rising of sea level due to the melting of ice caps and glaciers.  Effect: We may experience severe weather disturbances such as much stronger typhoons and heavier rainfalls. Some parts of the world may experience El Niño or La Niña. And most of all, it can cause extinction of some fauna and flora.
Climate change  El Niño happens when the temperature in eastern Pacific rises above normal.  La Niña occurs when the temperature in eastern Pacific decreases below normal
 Solar radiation warms the Earth as its energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, there are greenhouse gases present. These include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Greenhouse gases prevent heat to escape from earth making earth’s temperature higher.
Climate
 Fig. 8.2 shows that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrous oxide trap heat preventing it to escape from the earth. All gases absorb heat, some just absorb more than others. So assuming solar radiation is constant, the average atmospheric temperature depends on the mix of gases.
 More greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means that the equilibrium temperature will be higher as these absorb more heat. This will result to the increase of global temperature. Less greenhouse gases will mean lower temperature. Mankind more or less evolved under conditions of a specific mix of gases (of course with certain degree of variation) in the atmosphere, and we thrived under these conditions.
 If the mix of gases in the atmosphere were altered considerably, earth’s temperature would change significantly, and we will be faced with new conditions that we are not used to, which we will have to somehow adapt to, or face extinction. Areas that are found in temperate regions may have shorter winter. Countries that are found in tropical regions may have longer and drier summer. Glaciers that cover land will melt which results in the increase of sea level.
So….. when are we going to start changing for the better??? when are we going to care??? Act now if you care…
Climate
Quiz 1. What are the factors that affect climate? 2. How can you lessen the harmful effects of climate change? 3. Explain how greenhouse effect happens. 4. How is rain shadow form (leeward)? 5. What are some impacts of climate change to people and animals?

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Climate

  • 2. Pre-Diagnostic Assessment 1. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high land? a. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward. b. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side. c. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side. d. The leeward side receives more precipitation than the windward side.
  • 3. 2. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases? a. remains the same b. increases c. decreases d. varies
  • 4. 3. Which of the following best describe a climate? a. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day. b. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over along period of time. c. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short period of time. d. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long period of time.
  • 5. 4. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles? a. great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface b. great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas c. less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas d. less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
  • 6. 5. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal? a. Clouds form. b. The dew point is reached. c. The humidity increases. d. Precipitation occurs.
  • 7. 6. Which of the following can cause global warming? a. volcanic eruptions b. the amount of rainfall c. the rising of warm air into the atmosphere d. increase of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
  • 8. 7. When does greenhouse effect happen? a. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the atmosphere. b. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the earth’s interior. c. Greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere absorb heat from the outer space. d. Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorb heat from the earth’s surface.
  • 9. 8. Which activity does not contribute to global warming? a. reforestation b. illegal fishing c. mining activities d. incineration of garbage
  • 10. 9. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is located near the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city? a. latitude b. altitude c. topography d. all of these
  • 11. 10. Which of following is an indication of global warming? a. rising of sea level b. decrease of global temperature c. coastal erosion d. strong waves in the ocean
  • 12. Definition of Terms  altitude- the height above sea level  climate- the overall condition of an area over a long period of time.  climate change- a long term shifting of global weather pattern  El Niño- brought about by the current of the ocean bringing warm air to a landmass in the Pacific region.
  • 13.  fauna – composed of living animals.  flora- composed of different plant vegetation.  greenhouse effect- the increase of global temperature due to some atmospheric gases.  gyre- the circular patterns formed by surface currents.
  • 14.  latitude- an imaginary line that is parallel to the equator.  leeward- the side of the mountain that receives less amount of precipitation.  longitude- an imaginary line that extends from north pole to south pole.  mitigation – a manner of modifying something to become useful.
  • 15.  precipitation- forms when water vapor condenses and falls to the ground as rain, snow, hail or sleet.  topography- the surface features of an area.  temperature- refers to the hotness or coldness of an object.  windward- the side of the mountain that receives most of the precipitation.
  • 16. Facts  Climate is the overall atmospheric condition of a place for a period of 30 years or more.  Climate is influenced by latitude, altitude, distance from bodies of water, ocean currents, and topography.
  • 17. Latitude  As the latitude increases, the smaller the angle of the sun’s rays strike the surface.  When the area is further from the equator, the air temperature is lower. When a place is closer to the equator, the air temperature is higher.
  • 18. Altitude  The air temperature decreases as the altitude increases.  Baguio City is the summer capital of the Philippines because of its cold climate. It has an annual average temperature of 16⁰C. It has an elevation of 1435m above sea level.
  • 19. Distance from bodies of water  Soil absorbs heat faster than water. Soil releases heat faster compared to water.  Places that are near oceans have moderate climate as the body of water regulates the temperature. Places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme climates.
  • 21.  Figure 6.1 shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around the world. In northern hemisphere, the current flows in clockwise direction. On the other hand, in southern hemisphere the current flows in counterclockwise direction. These clockwise and counterclockwise of ocean currents are caused by Coriolis Effect.
  • 22.  Ocean currents that flow away from the equator carries warm water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.  When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the temperature of that area decreases as warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting to a cold climate.
  • 23.  When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass, the temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows inland, resulting to a warm climate.
  • 24. Topography  One of the topographic features of an area is mountain. Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain region. The area in which the wind blows is called the windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the mountain, forcing it to move upward. As it moves up, the water vapor condenses and forms clouds. This will result in precipitation on the windward side.
  • 25.  The air moves down towards the opposite region called leeward side. The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes warm and dry. As a result, the area near the leeward side becomes dry and has less precipitation. The dry region on the leeward side is called rain shadow. Vegetation in this region includes desert plants and grassland.
  • 27. Summary  The closer the place is to the equator, the warmer the climate; the farther the place is from the equator the colder the climate.  Air temperature decreases when altitude increases.  Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area.
  • 28.  Mountain ranges affect the formation of precipitation.  Ocean currents will either cool or warm the air above them.  Cold currents bring cold water while warm currents take along warm water.  Coriolis Effect deflects the ocean currents.
  • 29. Climate change- a long term shifting of global weather pattern.
  • 30.  Climate change brings drastic effects to some people and animals.  Human activities may speed up the rising of the global temperature.
  • 31. Climate change  Global warming can bring about a rising of sea level due to the melting of ice caps and glaciers.  Effect: We may experience severe weather disturbances such as much stronger typhoons and heavier rainfalls. Some parts of the world may experience El Niño or La Niña. And most of all, it can cause extinction of some fauna and flora.
  • 32. Climate change  El Niño happens when the temperature in eastern Pacific rises above normal.  La Niña occurs when the temperature in eastern Pacific decreases below normal
  • 33.  Solar radiation warms the Earth as its energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, there are greenhouse gases present. These include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Greenhouse gases prevent heat to escape from earth making earth’s temperature higher.
  • 35.  Fig. 8.2 shows that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrous oxide trap heat preventing it to escape from the earth. All gases absorb heat, some just absorb more than others. So assuming solar radiation is constant, the average atmospheric temperature depends on the mix of gases.
  • 36.  More greenhouse gases in the atmosphere means that the equilibrium temperature will be higher as these absorb more heat. This will result to the increase of global temperature. Less greenhouse gases will mean lower temperature. Mankind more or less evolved under conditions of a specific mix of gases (of course with certain degree of variation) in the atmosphere, and we thrived under these conditions.
  • 37.  If the mix of gases in the atmosphere were altered considerably, earth’s temperature would change significantly, and we will be faced with new conditions that we are not used to, which we will have to somehow adapt to, or face extinction. Areas that are found in temperate regions may have shorter winter. Countries that are found in tropical regions may have longer and drier summer. Glaciers that cover land will melt which results in the increase of sea level.
  • 38. So….. when are we going to start changing for the better??? when are we going to care??? Act now if you care…
  • 40. Quiz 1. What are the factors that affect climate? 2. How can you lessen the harmful effects of climate change? 3. Explain how greenhouse effect happens. 4. How is rain shadow form (leeward)? 5. What are some impacts of climate change to people and animals?