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Cng ppt

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Shabadu Reddy
Shabadu Reddy

CNG, or compressed natural gas, is made by compressing methane gas and storing it in hard cylinders at high pressure. It is a cheaper substitute for diesel, petrol, and propane. CNG produces less carbon emissions than these fossil fuels and has several advantages, such as lower maintenance costs and reduced pollution. However, it requires more storage space in vehicles. Despite this disadvantage, CNG has grown popular due to its environmental and economic benefits and over 14 million natural gas vehicles worldwide use CNG as of 2011.

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 CNG –compressed natural gas  It is substitute fossil fuel for DIESEL,PETROL,PROPANE
LOGOS OF CNG
 CONTENTS  Preparation  Importance  Advantages  Disadvantages  Solutions  Effects  Comparison with LNG  Comparison with HCNG  Conclusion
 PREPARATION It is made by compressing the natural gas (composed of methane) to less than 1% of the volume at stnd. atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a pressure of 200-280 bars.
 IMPORTANCE  It is cheap than other fuels  It is dispersed quickly when released  It is lighter than air  It releases less carbon into the atm.
COMPARISON OF PRICES Type of fuel Price in RS. petrol 74.26 diesel 45.25 CNG 42.35
 ADVANTAGES  Due to absence of LEAD or BENGENE , lead fouling of spark plugs is eliminated.  Low maintenance cost than other vehicles  Increases the life of lubricating oils  It mixes easily and evenly in air  It is less likely ignite on hot surfaces, bcz it has a high auto ignition temp.(540˚c), and small range of flammability (5%-15%).  Less pollution and more efficiency.
CNG CARS  In cars Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel (General Motors), Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars.  In 2006, “Fiat” introduced the “Siena” Tetra fuel car in the Brazilian market , equipped with a 1.4L FIRE engine that runs on E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Gasoline and CNG.
CNG LOCOMOTIVES  “The Napa Valley Wine Train” successfully retrofit a diesel locomotive to run on compressed natural gas before 2002. it’s first locomotive  “Ferrocarril Central Andino” in Peru, has run a CNG Locomotive on a freight line since 2005.
CNG BIKES  Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG powered bike. This is the first bike in the world to come with a factory fitted CNG power.  in India Bajaj Auto has recently launched its first CNG motorcycle “Bajaj RE CNG Auto 4 stroke”.
WORLD FIRST CNG BIKE
 TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH MOST CNG VEHICLES-2011 country No. of vehicles in millions Iran 2.86 Pakistan 2.85 Argentina 2.07 Brazil 1.7 India 1.1 Italy 0.78 China 0.61 Colombia 0.36 Uzbekistan 0.31 Thailand 0.30 World Total 14.8
EXAMPLE  An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22,000 grams of CO2, for same distance on CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO2. CNG is essentially CH4 with a c.v. of 900 kJ/mol. It burns with oxygen to produce 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O. By comparison, petrol is essentially C6H6 with a c.v. of 3,300 kJ/mol and this burns to produce 6 moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. So it gives less pollution .
 DISADVANTAGES Gas storage in a car
 DISADVANTAGES  CNG vehicles requires greater amount of space for fuel storage than conventional gasoline powered vehicles . Since it is a compressed gas, rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG takes up more space for each gasoline gallon equivalent(GGE).
 SOLUTIONS  Install the tanks under the body of the vehicle, leaving the trunk free Eg. Fiat multipla, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel, Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel.  Installation of tanks on the roof (typical on buses).
 EFFECTS CNG emits significantly less pollutants than petrol such as  Carbon dioxide (CO2),  Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC),  Carbon monoxide (CO),  Nitrogen oxides (NOx),  And sulfur oxides(SOx) ,
 COMPARISON WITH LNG CNG LNG  CNG is stored at high  LNG is stored at very low pressure as a gas. temperature as a liquid.  It has lower cost of  It has higher cost of production storage production and storage  CNG requires a much larger volume to store the  LNG is often used for same mass of gasoline or transporting natural gas petrol and the use of very over large distances, in high pressures nearly ships, trains or pipelines, 3000 to 4000 psi, (or) 205 and the gas is then to 275 bar. converted into CNG.
 COMPARISON WITH HCNG  The addition of hydrogen to CNG increases the H/C ratio of the fuel. HCNG has a flame speed about eight times higher than CNG.
 CONCLUSION  Due to this above reasons CNG most useful for vehicles as a fuel to reduce the pollution and it is cheap than other fuels like petrol and diesel.
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Cng ppt

  • 1. CNG –compressed natural gas  It is substitute fossil fuel for DIESEL,PETROL,PROPANE
  • 3.  CONTENTS  Preparation  Importance  Advantages  Disadvantages  Solutions  Effects  Comparison with LNG  Comparison with HCNG  Conclusion
  • 4.  PREPARATION It is made by compressing the natural gas (composed of methane) to less than 1% of the volume at stnd. atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a pressure of 200-280 bars.
  • 5.  IMPORTANCE  It is cheap than other fuels  It is dispersed quickly when released  It is lighter than air  It releases less carbon into the atm.
  • 6. COMPARISON OF PRICES Type of fuel Price in RS. petrol 74.26 diesel 45.25 CNG 42.35
  • 7.  ADVANTAGES  Due to absence of LEAD or BENGENE , lead fouling of spark plugs is eliminated.  Low maintenance cost than other vehicles  Increases the life of lubricating oils  It mixes easily and evenly in air  It is less likely ignite on hot surfaces, bcz it has a high auto ignition temp.(540˚c), and small range of flammability (5%-15%).  Less pollution and more efficiency.
  • 8. CNG CARS  In cars Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel (General Motors), Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars.  In 2006, “Fiat” introduced the “Siena” Tetra fuel car in the Brazilian market , equipped with a 1.4L FIRE engine that runs on E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Gasoline and CNG.
  • 9. CNG LOCOMOTIVES  “The Napa Valley Wine Train” successfully retrofit a diesel locomotive to run on compressed natural gas before 2002. it’s first locomotive  “Ferrocarril Central Andino” in Peru, has run a CNG Locomotive on a freight line since 2005.
  • 10. CNG BIKES  Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG powered bike. This is the first bike in the world to come with a factory fitted CNG power.  in India Bajaj Auto has recently launched its first CNG motorcycle “Bajaj RE CNG Auto 4 stroke”.
  • 12.  TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH MOST CNG VEHICLES-2011 country No. of vehicles in millions Iran 2.86 Pakistan 2.85 Argentina 2.07 Brazil 1.7 India 1.1 Italy 0.78 China 0.61 Colombia 0.36 Uzbekistan 0.31 Thailand 0.30 World Total 14.8
  • 13. EXAMPLE  An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22,000 grams of CO2, for same distance on CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO2. CNG is essentially CH4 with a c.v. of 900 kJ/mol. It burns with oxygen to produce 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O. By comparison, petrol is essentially C6H6 with a c.v. of 3,300 kJ/mol and this burns to produce 6 moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. So it gives less pollution .
  • 14.  DISADVANTAGES Gas storage in a car
  • 15.  DISADVANTAGES  CNG vehicles requires greater amount of space for fuel storage than conventional gasoline powered vehicles . Since it is a compressed gas, rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG takes up more space for each gasoline gallon equivalent(GGE).
  • 16.  SOLUTIONS  Install the tanks under the body of the vehicle, leaving the trunk free Eg. Fiat multipla, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel, Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel.  Installation of tanks on the roof (typical on buses).
  • 17.  EFFECTS CNG emits significantly less pollutants than petrol such as  Carbon dioxide (CO2),  Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC),  Carbon monoxide (CO),  Nitrogen oxides (NOx),  And sulfur oxides(SOx) ,
  • 18.  COMPARISON WITH LNG CNG LNG  CNG is stored at high  LNG is stored at very low pressure as a gas. temperature as a liquid.  It has lower cost of  It has higher cost of production storage production and storage  CNG requires a much larger volume to store the  LNG is often used for same mass of gasoline or transporting natural gas petrol and the use of very over large distances, in high pressures nearly ships, trains or pipelines, 3000 to 4000 psi, (or) 205 and the gas is then to 275 bar. converted into CNG.
  • 19.  COMPARISON WITH HCNG  The addition of hydrogen to CNG increases the H/C ratio of the fuel. HCNG has a flame speed about eight times higher than CNG.
  • 20.  CONCLUSION  Due to this above reasons CNG most useful for vehicles as a fuel to reduce the pollution and it is cheap than other fuels like petrol and diesel.