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Coelenterata general characters & classification

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Coelenterata is a phylum of aquatic animals that includes jellyfish, corals, sea anemones and hydroids. They are diploblastic with two main cell layers, a gelatinous mesoglea in between, and stinging nematocysts. They exhibit radial or biradial symmetry and polymorphism. Reproduction can occur asexually through budding or sexually through external fertilization and a planula larva stage. The phylum is divided into three classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa.

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Coelenterata Bollapalli Ashok Kumar M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.A(Lit)CSIR-NET,(Ph.D) LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY KRK Govt Degree & PG College ADDANKI-523201 Phone:9652929696,9441635264 Email: ashokkumarzoology@gmail.com

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 9000 living sps and many fossils since Ordovician period  Marine , some are fresh watered  Proterospongia-link between Protozoa and Coelenterata  Ctenoplana- link between Coelenterata and helminthes  Cyanea arctica - Big and Long jelly fish-7.5.m radius with 120 yards long tentacles  Chirposalmus , Chironex jelly fishes are most poisonous  Coelenterates are called stinging animalcules COELENTERATA

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 PEYSONNEL (1773) called them as coral insects  Linnaeus, Lamark ,Cuvier included these in Radiata  Eschscholtz (1829) divided radiata into three groups like Zoophyta, Ecalepha, Echinodermata. He studied Ecalepha and later described Ctenophora and Siphonophora medusae  Johnston (1939) separated Hydroidea class  Leuckart (1947)formed this phylum including sponges and ctenophora  Hatschek (1888) divided it into Spongiaria, Cnidaria , Ctenophora COELENTERATA- Historical Background

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Metazoan multicellular animals Tissue grade of organisation Aquatic animals except Hydra all are marine. Solitary or Colonial, sedentary or free living Radial or bilateral symmetry Two types of individuals- polyp (asexual form) and free swimming medusa (sexual form) General characters- Coelenterata

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Zooids - small animals in a colony . Depending on function, the nature of zooid changes thus shows polymorphism Diploblastic body wall with two cellular layers 1. Outer epidermis 2. Inner gastrodermis 3. Gelatinous mesoglea in between Body layers are with special nematocysts – more in tentacles- many types. Stinging cells useful for killing and protection General characters- Coelenterata

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 Acoelomate organisms  Digestive system is incomplete anus being absent and mouth for ingestion and egetion. Digestion is intra and extracellular  Mouth is with small, thin tentacles which are useful for food capture, ingestion, locomotion and protection  Gastro vascular cavity is often branched. It opens outside through mouth General characters- Coelenterata

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 Respiratory , circulatory and excretory systems are absent  Muscular system of epithelio and endothelio muscle cells is present. Independent fibres are present in mesoglea.  Nerve nets of synaptic or non synaptic pattern with diffuse conduction  Sense organs are simple or complicated. Some are with ocellli and statocysts General characters- Coelenterata

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Asexual reproduction – budding/binary fission Sexual reproduction by gametes. Sexual forms are monoecious or dioecious Development exhibits planula larva Life cycle is with alternation of generations with polyp generation and medusoid generation General characters- Coelenterata

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HYDROZOA SCHYPHOZOA ANTHOZOA Classification- Coelenterata

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 Solitary/ colonial, polyp and medusoid forms  Radial symmetry  Body wall –ectodermis,mesoglea and gastrodermis  Gastrocoel is spacious  Cnidoblasts are absent  Body has thick perisarc.in some animals this is very solid and called coral  Polymorphism is seen  Alternation of generation  Sex cells are formed from ectoderm  Fertilization is external  Holoblastic cleavage  Planula larva  2700 genera included  Five orders  Ex: Hydra,Bougainvillea,Millipora,Physalia,Velella,Porpita,Helistemma HYDROZOA

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Coelenterata general characters & classification

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 Solitary, medusoid  Medusa umbrella or bell shaped with/without stalk  Gastrocoel has gastro fibres, Gonads and bifurcated into four radial septa. With tetra radial symmetry  umbrella structure is with more mesoglea  True velum is wanting.  Animal end is with lappets  Exumbrellar surface has median manubrium  Sex cells derive from gastro dermis and release gametes into gastrocoel  Monoecious  200 genera included  Five orders included  Rhizostoma, Aurelia, Periphylla, Cassiopea, Lucernaria, Charybdea, Pericolpa, Tomoya SCHYPHOZOA

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Coelenterata general characters & classification

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 Solitary/colonial, polypoid marine forms  Hexamerous , octamerous ,polymerous, biradial or radio-bilateral symmetric animals  Anterior region becomes wide to form oral disc to accommodate tentacles  Mesoglea with tissue  Gastrocoel has septa formed by mesenteries  Epidermis secretes test of CaCo3 or horny material  Inner side of mesentery has cnidoblasts  Gonads derive from gastrodermis and developed from mesentery. Gametes are released into gastrocoel  Fertilisation is external. Life cycle includes planula  It inncludes 6100 genera  2 sub classes and eleven orders  Pennatula, Metridium, Fungia ,Adamsia, Madripora, Meandrina, Gorgonia, Alcyonium, Tubipora, Heliopora ANTHOZOA

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Coelenterata general characters & classification

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Coelenterata general characters & classification

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Coelenterata general characters & classification

  • 1. Coelenterata Bollapalli Ashok Kumar M.Sc.,B.Ed.,M.A(Lit)CSIR-NET,(Ph.D) LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY KRK Govt Degree & PG College ADDANKI-523201 Phone:9652929696,9441635264 Email: ashokkumarzoology@gmail.com
  • 2.  9000 living sps and many fossils since Ordovician period  Marine , some are fresh watered  Proterospongia-link between Protozoa and Coelenterata  Ctenoplana- link between Coelenterata and helminthes  Cyanea arctica - Big and Long jelly fish-7.5.m radius with 120 yards long tentacles  Chirposalmus , Chironex jelly fishes are most poisonous  Coelenterates are called stinging animalcules COELENTERATA
  • 3.  PEYSONNEL (1773) called them as coral insects  Linnaeus, Lamark ,Cuvier included these in Radiata  Eschscholtz (1829) divided radiata into three groups like Zoophyta, Ecalepha, Echinodermata. He studied Ecalepha and later described Ctenophora and Siphonophora medusae  Johnston (1939) separated Hydroidea class  Leuckart (1947)formed this phylum including sponges and ctenophora  Hatschek (1888) divided it into Spongiaria, Cnidaria , Ctenophora COELENTERATA- Historical Background
  • 4. Metazoan multicellular animals Tissue grade of organisation Aquatic animals except Hydra all are marine. Solitary or Colonial, sedentary or free living Radial or bilateral symmetry Two types of individuals- polyp (asexual form) and free swimming medusa (sexual form) General characters- Coelenterata
  • 5. Zooids - small animals in a colony . Depending on function, the nature of zooid changes thus shows polymorphism Diploblastic body wall with two cellular layers 1. Outer epidermis 2. Inner gastrodermis 3. Gelatinous mesoglea in between Body layers are with special nematocysts – more in tentacles- many types. Stinging cells useful for killing and protection General characters- Coelenterata
  • 6.  Acoelomate organisms  Digestive system is incomplete anus being absent and mouth for ingestion and egetion. Digestion is intra and extracellular  Mouth is with small, thin tentacles which are useful for food capture, ingestion, locomotion and protection  Gastro vascular cavity is often branched. It opens outside through mouth General characters- Coelenterata
  • 7.  Respiratory , circulatory and excretory systems are absent  Muscular system of epithelio and endothelio muscle cells is present. Independent fibres are present in mesoglea.  Nerve nets of synaptic or non synaptic pattern with diffuse conduction  Sense organs are simple or complicated. Some are with ocellli and statocysts General characters- Coelenterata
  • 8. Asexual reproduction – budding/binary fission Sexual reproduction by gametes. Sexual forms are monoecious or dioecious Development exhibits planula larva Life cycle is with alternation of generations with polyp generation and medusoid generation General characters- Coelenterata
  • 10.  Solitary/ colonial, polyp and medusoid forms  Radial symmetry  Body wall –ectodermis,mesoglea and gastrodermis  Gastrocoel is spacious  Cnidoblasts are absent  Body has thick perisarc.in some animals this is very solid and called coral  Polymorphism is seen  Alternation of generation  Sex cells are formed from ectoderm  Fertilization is external  Holoblastic cleavage  Planula larva  2700 genera included  Five orders  Ex: Hydra,Bougainvillea,Millipora,Physalia,Velella,Porpita,Helistemma HYDROZOA
  • 12.  Solitary, medusoid  Medusa umbrella or bell shaped with/without stalk  Gastrocoel has gastro fibres, Gonads and bifurcated into four radial septa. With tetra radial symmetry  umbrella structure is with more mesoglea  True velum is wanting.  Animal end is with lappets  Exumbrellar surface has median manubrium  Sex cells derive from gastro dermis and release gametes into gastrocoel  Monoecious  200 genera included  Five orders included  Rhizostoma, Aurelia, Periphylla, Cassiopea, Lucernaria, Charybdea, Pericolpa, Tomoya SCHYPHOZOA
  • 14.  Solitary/colonial, polypoid marine forms  Hexamerous , octamerous ,polymerous, biradial or radio-bilateral symmetric animals  Anterior region becomes wide to form oral disc to accommodate tentacles  Mesoglea with tissue  Gastrocoel has septa formed by mesenteries  Epidermis secretes test of CaCo3 or horny material  Inner side of mesentery has cnidoblasts  Gonads derive from gastrodermis and developed from mesentery. Gametes are released into gastrocoel  Fertilisation is external. Life cycle includes planula  It inncludes 6100 genera  2 sub classes and eleven orders  Pennatula, Metridium, Fungia ,Adamsia, Madripora, Meandrina, Gorgonia, Alcyonium, Tubipora, Heliopora ANTHOZOA