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Community Development

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Praisy AB Vineesh

This document discusses community development in rural and urban contexts. It defines community development as an attempt to bring about social and economic transformation through collective citizen efforts. The key aspects covered include: - The history and definitions of community development from planning commissions in India and other sources. - The core goals of educating, enabling, and empowering communities to become self-reliant. - Important community development programs in both rural and urban areas over time, and the roles of organizations like panchayati raj institutions. - Methods used in rural community development like participatory rural appraisal to help communities plan and take action. - The objectives and principles of rural and urban community development programs in

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COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PRAISY A B MSW DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT RURAL DEVELOPMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CD refers to creation of social services, human development, community education program and other welfare programs. The term ‘CD’ used to describe a goal of bringing about social and economic devt in areas which are underdeveloped. CD can be considered as a goal and community organization as the process or the method by which CD can be achieved. CD produces self-reliant, self-sustaining and empowered communities. CD also known as COMMUNITY BUILDING.
DEFINITION OF CD “Community Devt is an attempt to bring about a social and economic transformation of village life through the efforts of the people themselves” (Planning Commission of India) “Community Devt is the process of assisting ordinary people to improve their own communities by undertaking collective action” (Twelvetrees, 1991)
BACKGROUND OF CD  The term CD was first officially used in 1948 at British Colonial Office Cambridge Conference on Devt of American Initiative. The then CDP aimed at helping British colonies in Africa prepare for independence by improving local govt and developing their economies. In India it was initiated on 2nd Oct, 1952 with the aim of promoting better living for the whole community in rural areas. The CDP was also a result of the conclusion drawn from the ‘Grow More Food’ enquiry report
CORE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Educating Enabling Empowering
CHARACTERISTICS OF CD Focuses on the whole community. Emphasizes public participation as self-help. Uses participatory democracy as a model for decision making.
ELEMENTS OF CD
VALUES OF CD All people have basic dignity People have the right to help make decisions on issues that impact their well-being People have the right to strive to create the environment they want People have the right to reject an externally imposed environment
PRINCIPLES OF CD Self-help and Self-responsibility are required for successful devt. Participation in public decision-making should be free and open to all citizens. Trust is essential for effective working relationship. Methods that produce accurate information about the community are vital to the process. Understanding and general agreement are the basis for community change. All individuals have the right to be heard in open discussion, and the responsibility to respect opposing viewpoints.
PILLARS OF CD Objectives People Strategy Technology
CD V/S CO CD CO 1) Govt sponsored program 1) Govt sponsorship is not important 2) Aims to provide services to the people mainly economic for improvement 2) Services are organized and planned by the people themselves under the guidance of organizer 3) Practiced mainly in underdeveloped or developing communities for economic devt 3) Develop cooperative and collaborative attitude among people in the community 4) Workers are a govt functionary and expert in removing economic backwardness 4) Not necessarily a govt functionary, he is skilled in community planning
PROCESS OF CD Getting knowledge Knowing community Identifying local leaders Stimulating community Recognizing resources Deciding program Fostering self- confidence Discussing problem Identifying pressing problem Increasing self-help Solving problem
EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN CD Name of CDP 1. Sriniketan project 2. Gurgaon 3. Marthandam project 4. Firka devt project 5.Etawah Pilot project 6. Nilokheri project Started by Tagore F L Brayne Dr. Spencer Hatch Madras Govt Albert Mayor S K Dey Year 1914 1920 1921 1946 1948 1948
BRANCHES OF CD 1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2. URBAN DEVELOPMENT
I. RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT  The term ‘Rural development’ means all round devt of rural areas with a view to betterment of lifestyle and standard of living in all spheres of their life.  RCD aims at improving the welfare of rural people and their livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable basis.  People’s participation is the Centre-piece in RCD.
PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM o In 1957, the planning commission appointed a high-ranking study committee headed by Balwant Rai Mehta, CM of Gujarat. o This committee recommended Panchayati Raj System through which can be implement RCD. o The aim of every village being a republic and panchayats having powers has been translated into reality with the introduction of Three Tier Panchayat Raj System to enlist people’s participation in rural devt.
FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF RCD  To teach farmers how to determine their own problems  To help them acquire knowledge about the problems  To motivate them to solve their problem To help them build up social and economic infrastructure To train rural unemployed youth To empower farmers/ laboures to discourage migration to urban
RCD Infant Welfare Hygiene Public Health Sanitati on
1. Confirm suspread problem by gathering more information 2. Examine data from step one 3. Set goals and formulate actions for improvement 4. Implement actions for improvement 5. Assess progress and refine actors for improvement 6. Monitor improvements for sustainability
METHODS INVOLVED IN RCD  PRA is the major and important method in RCD.  It is intended to enable local communities to conduct their own analysis and to plan and take action.  The aim of PRA is to help strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan, make decisions, take action towards improving their own situations.  PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) is often used interchangeably with PRA.
MAJOR RCDP Year 1) 1948 2) 1963 3) 1966 4) 1971 5) 1974 6) 1989 7) 2000 8) 2009 9) 2009 10) 2011 Short Name GMFC ANP FTEP SFDA TDB JRY PMGSY NRHM ICDS NRLM Program Grow More Food Campaign Applied Nutrition Program Farmers Training & Education Program Small Farmers Devt Agency Tribal Devt Block Jawahar Rojgar Yojana Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana National Rural Health Mission Integrated Child Devt Scheme National Rural Livelihood Mission
II. URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT  Urban Community Devt in India drives its origin from the Rural Community Devt Program which commenced on 2nd Oct. 1952.  It requires the urban citizen’s efforts like financial support and technical assistance in areas like sanitation, public health, education and recreation.
URBAN BODIES  There several types of urban bodies in India such as Municipality, Notified Area Committee, Town Area Committee, Special Purpose Agency, Township, Port Trust, Cantonment Board, etc.  Nagarpalika Act came into force on 1st June,1993.  The 74th amendment made the provisions relating to Urban Local Govts (Nagarpalika). Three-tier structure of Nagarpalika :- Municipal Corporations, Municipal Council, and Nagar Panchayat.
MAJOR UCDP Year 1) 2005 2) ------ 3) ------ 4) ------ 5) ------ Short Name JNNURM UIDSSMT SCM HFA(U) AMRUT Program Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Urban Infrastructure Devt Scheme for Small and Medium Towns Smart Cities Mission Housing for All (Urban) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
REFERENCES  Vivek Rampal, 2009, Social Work and Community Devt, Alfa Publications.  Mukesh Kumar Prajapati, 2013, Community Social Work, Vista Publications.  Linda Briskman, 2007, Social Work with Indigenous Communities, Federation Publications.  Manohar Pawar, 2014, Social and Community Devt, Sage Publications.
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Community Development

  • 1. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PRAISY A B MSW DEPT. OF SOCIOLOGY
  • 3. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CD refers to creation of social services, human development, community education program and other welfare programs. The term ‘CD’ used to describe a goal of bringing about social and economic devt in areas which are underdeveloped. CD can be considered as a goal and community organization as the process or the method by which CD can be achieved. CD produces self-reliant, self-sustaining and empowered communities. CD also known as COMMUNITY BUILDING.
  • 4. DEFINITION OF CD “Community Devt is an attempt to bring about a social and economic transformation of village life through the efforts of the people themselves” (Planning Commission of India) “Community Devt is the process of assisting ordinary people to improve their own communities by undertaking collective action” (Twelvetrees, 1991)
  • 5. BACKGROUND OF CD  The term CD was first officially used in 1948 at British Colonial Office Cambridge Conference on Devt of American Initiative. The then CDP aimed at helping British colonies in Africa prepare for independence by improving local govt and developing their economies. In India it was initiated on 2nd Oct, 1952 with the aim of promoting better living for the whole community in rural areas. The CDP was also a result of the conclusion drawn from the ‘Grow More Food’ enquiry report
  • 6. CORE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Educating Enabling Empowering
  • 7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CD Focuses on the whole community. Emphasizes public participation as self-help. Uses participatory democracy as a model for decision making.
  • 9. VALUES OF CD All people have basic dignity People have the right to help make decisions on issues that impact their well-being People have the right to strive to create the environment they want People have the right to reject an externally imposed environment
  • 10. PRINCIPLES OF CD Self-help and Self-responsibility are required for successful devt. Participation in public decision-making should be free and open to all citizens. Trust is essential for effective working relationship. Methods that produce accurate information about the community are vital to the process. Understanding and general agreement are the basis for community change. All individuals have the right to be heard in open discussion, and the responsibility to respect opposing viewpoints.
  • 11. PILLARS OF CD Objectives People Strategy Technology
  • 12. CD V/S CO CD CO 1) Govt sponsored program 1) Govt sponsorship is not important 2) Aims to provide services to the people mainly economic for improvement 2) Services are organized and planned by the people themselves under the guidance of organizer 3) Practiced mainly in underdeveloped or developing communities for economic devt 3) Develop cooperative and collaborative attitude among people in the community 4) Workers are a govt functionary and expert in removing economic backwardness 4) Not necessarily a govt functionary, he is skilled in community planning
  • 13. PROCESS OF CD Getting knowledge Knowing community Identifying local leaders Stimulating community Recognizing resources Deciding program Fostering self- confidence Discussing problem Identifying pressing problem Increasing self-help Solving problem
  • 14. EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN CD Name of CDP 1. Sriniketan project 2. Gurgaon 3. Marthandam project 4. Firka devt project 5.Etawah Pilot project 6. Nilokheri project Started by Tagore F L Brayne Dr. Spencer Hatch Madras Govt Albert Mayor S K Dey Year 1914 1920 1921 1946 1948 1948
  • 15. BRANCHES OF CD 1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2. URBAN DEVELOPMENT
  • 16. I. RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT  The term ‘Rural development’ means all round devt of rural areas with a view to betterment of lifestyle and standard of living in all spheres of their life.  RCD aims at improving the welfare of rural people and their livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable basis.  People’s participation is the Centre-piece in RCD.
  • 17. PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM o In 1957, the planning commission appointed a high-ranking study committee headed by Balwant Rai Mehta, CM of Gujarat. o This committee recommended Panchayati Raj System through which can be implement RCD. o The aim of every village being a republic and panchayats having powers has been translated into reality with the introduction of Three Tier Panchayat Raj System to enlist people’s participation in rural devt.
  • 18. FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF RCD  To teach farmers how to determine their own problems  To help them acquire knowledge about the problems  To motivate them to solve their problem To help them build up social and economic infrastructure To train rural unemployed youth To empower farmers/ laboures to discourage migration to urban
  • 20. 1. Confirm suspread problem by gathering more information 2. Examine data from step one 3. Set goals and formulate actions for improvement 4. Implement actions for improvement 5. Assess progress and refine actors for improvement 6. Monitor improvements for sustainability
  • 21. METHODS INVOLVED IN RCD  PRA is the major and important method in RCD.  It is intended to enable local communities to conduct their own analysis and to plan and take action.  The aim of PRA is to help strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan, make decisions, take action towards improving their own situations.  PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) is often used interchangeably with PRA.
  • 22. MAJOR RCDP Year 1) 1948 2) 1963 3) 1966 4) 1971 5) 1974 6) 1989 7) 2000 8) 2009 9) 2009 10) 2011 Short Name GMFC ANP FTEP SFDA TDB JRY PMGSY NRHM ICDS NRLM Program Grow More Food Campaign Applied Nutrition Program Farmers Training & Education Program Small Farmers Devt Agency Tribal Devt Block Jawahar Rojgar Yojana Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana National Rural Health Mission Integrated Child Devt Scheme National Rural Livelihood Mission
  • 23. II. URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT  Urban Community Devt in India drives its origin from the Rural Community Devt Program which commenced on 2nd Oct. 1952.  It requires the urban citizen’s efforts like financial support and technical assistance in areas like sanitation, public health, education and recreation.
  • 24. URBAN BODIES  There several types of urban bodies in India such as Municipality, Notified Area Committee, Town Area Committee, Special Purpose Agency, Township, Port Trust, Cantonment Board, etc.  Nagarpalika Act came into force on 1st June,1993.  The 74th amendment made the provisions relating to Urban Local Govts (Nagarpalika). Three-tier structure of Nagarpalika :- Municipal Corporations, Municipal Council, and Nagar Panchayat.
  • 25. MAJOR UCDP Year 1) 2005 2) ------ 3) ------ 4) ------ 5) ------ Short Name JNNURM UIDSSMT SCM HFA(U) AMRUT Program Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Urban Infrastructure Devt Scheme for Small and Medium Towns Smart Cities Mission Housing for All (Urban) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
  • 26. REFERENCES  Vivek Rampal, 2009, Social Work and Community Devt, Alfa Publications.  Mukesh Kumar Prajapati, 2013, Community Social Work, Vista Publications.  Linda Briskman, 2007, Social Work with Indigenous Communities, Federation Publications.  Manohar Pawar, 2014, Social and Community Devt, Sage Publications.