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Comparative Education as a Social System

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Maricris Guarin
Maricris Guarin

The Philippine education system has three main governing bodies: DepEd oversees primary and secondary education, CHED oversees higher education, and TESDA oversees technical/vocational education. It also draws influence from its colonial history under Spain and the US. The system includes K-12 basic education (6 years primary, 4 years junior high, 2 years senior high) and higher education (bachelor's, master's, PhD). Instruction is in English and Filipino. The Constitution and several laws provide the legal foundation and governance framework for education.

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Philippine Education System as a Social System Maricris Malamug | Randolf Cruz | Rozel Avila
Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.
The education system has adopted a combination of influences from its colonial history
EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES There are three educational agencies that govern the levels of education • Department of Education (DepEd) • Commission on Higher Education (CHED) • Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
Comparative Education as a Social System
K-12 in the Philippines has 3 levels: • Primary School (Primary Education) – K to 6 • Junior High School (Lower Secondary Education) – 7 to 10 • Senior High School (Upper Secondary Education) – 11 to 12 • Higher Education • >Undergraduate (Bachelor’s Degree) • >Postgraduate (Master’s Degree) • >Doctoral (PhD)
Triad Education Learners Teacher s Learning System
Mode of Instruction The medium of instruction is English and Filipino.
Legal Foundation of Education This law is known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”. It was popularly called K to 12 because the act, (RA 10533), enhanced the Philippine Basic Education System by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education
1. The Philippines Constitution of 1987 2. The Educational Decree 6-A 3. The Educational Act of 1982, otherwise known as Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 4. The Educational Act of 1994, otherwise known as Public Act 7722 5. Republic Act 10533 –“Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013″.
ARTICLE XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports · Quality education accessible to all. (Section 1 · Complete, adequate, and integrated relevant education. (2.1.) · Free public education in the elementary and high school level. (2.2.) · Scholarship grants, loans, subsidies and other incentives to deserving students in both private and public schools. (2.3.) · Non-formal, formal, and indigenous learning systems. (2.4) · Vocational training to adults, disabled and out of school youth. (2.5) · Study of the constitution. (3.1) · Study of values. (3.2.)
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6 – A EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972 Goals of the Educational system. (2, a – c) 1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress. 2. To assure of maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth. 3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in a changing world.
BATAS PAMBANSA BLG 232 – “EDUCATION ACT Goals 1. Achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress; 2. Assure the maximum participation of all people in the attainment and employment of such growth, and 3. Achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve, develop and promote desirable culture, moral, and spiritual values in a changing world.
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 117, s. 1987 (REORGANIZATION OF DECS) The Department shall be responsible for the formulation, planning, implementation, and coordination of policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal and non – formal education at all levels: elementary, secondary, higher, technical – vocational, non – formal, sports and culture.
RA 7722: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 An act creating the Commission on Higher Education.
RA 7796: AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY OF 1994 An act creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.
RA 9155: AN ACT INSTITUTING A FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION, ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY, RENAMING THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS AS THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Philosophical Foundation of Education This philosophy emphasizes that educational concern must be on the child's interests, desires and the learner's freedom as an individual rather than the subject matter. No structured curriculum. Education should be life itself not a preparation for life. The curriculum is child-centered and flexible.
Education Stakeholders and Partners Local Government Units (LGUs) - e LSB controls the use of the SEF - Special Education Fund, which is generated from the local real estate or property tax (equivalent to 1%). Commission on Higher Education (CHED) - CHED oversees colleges and universities which produce graduates who become teachers in the system. This relationship informs the CHED and aligns the teacher education curriculum with the newly- established Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) - TESDA oversees technical and vocational education in the country where there is an overlap with DepEd
Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCD) - The ECCD Council is a government agency mandated by RA 10410 or the Early Years Act (EYA) of 2013 to act as the primary agency supporting the government’s ECCD programs that cover health, nutrition, early education, and social services for children aged 0-4 years
National Government Line Agencies Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) - DPWH delivers fully constructed school buildings and other facilities
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) DSWD overseas ECCD (0-4 years old). DSWD also manages the conditional cash transfer program (4Ps), which has an education component.
Department of Health (DOH) - DOH helps DepEd with school health and nutrition programs.
National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) - NEDA works with DepEd to flesh out the basic education section of the Philippine Development Plan and provides assistance in monitoring the programs of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to education.
Department of Budget and Management (DBM) DepEd works with DBM on budget planning, management, and accountability. Over the years, DBM and DepEd (with Commission on Audit concurrence) have designed and set up budget mechanisms to facilitate and make efficient the usage and flow of funds, such as the Direct Release System, where funds for field units no longer had to pass through the central office.
National Nutrition Council (NNC) The NNC provides valuable data on the state of nutrition of children essential for the planning of school health and school feeding programs.
National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) NCIP provides information and contacts with IP communities, many of which are in GIDA areas and might be the subject of the Last-Mile-Schools program.
Private Sector in Education Philippine Colleges and Universities and Schools Philippine universities are grouped into associations that interact with DepEd in different fora depending on the issue. COCOPEA (Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations) is the umbrella organization with five educational associations with over 2,500 educational and learning institutions among its member schools.
The five associations are: Philippine Associations of Colleges and Universities (PACU); Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP); Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities (ASCU); Philippine Association of Private Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAPSCU); Tech-Voc Schools Association of the Philippines (TVSA).
Cost of Education in the Philippines Public - free until tertiary level Private - Elementary - Php 10000 to Php 15000 Secondary - Php 15000 to Php 30000 Tertiary - Php 70,000 to Php 100000

More Related Content

Comparative Education as a Social System

  • 1. Philippine Education System as a Social System Maricris Malamug | Randolf Cruz | Rozel Avila
  • 2. Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms.
  • 3. The education system has adopted a combination of influences from its colonial history
  • 4. EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES There are three educational agencies that govern the levels of education • Department of Education (DepEd) • Commission on Higher Education (CHED) • Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
  • 6. K-12 in the Philippines has 3 levels: • Primary School (Primary Education) – K to 6 • Junior High School (Lower Secondary Education) – 7 to 10 • Senior High School (Upper Secondary Education) – 11 to 12 • Higher Education • >Undergraduate (Bachelor’s Degree) • >Postgraduate (Master’s Degree) • >Doctoral (PhD)
  • 8. Mode of Instruction The medium of instruction is English and Filipino.
  • 9. Legal Foundation of Education This law is known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”. It was popularly called K to 12 because the act, (RA 10533), enhanced the Philippine Basic Education System by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education
  • 10. 1. The Philippines Constitution of 1987 2. The Educational Decree 6-A 3. The Educational Act of 1982, otherwise known as Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 4. The Educational Act of 1994, otherwise known as Public Act 7722 5. Republic Act 10533 –“Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013″.
  • 11. ARTICLE XIV: Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports · Quality education accessible to all. (Section 1 · Complete, adequate, and integrated relevant education. (2.1.) · Free public education in the elementary and high school level. (2.2.) · Scholarship grants, loans, subsidies and other incentives to deserving students in both private and public schools. (2.3.) · Non-formal, formal, and indigenous learning systems. (2.4) · Vocational training to adults, disabled and out of school youth. (2.5) · Study of the constitution. (3.1) · Study of values. (3.2.)
  • 12. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6 – A EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT DECREE OF 1972 Goals of the Educational system. (2, a – c) 1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress. 2. To assure of maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth. 3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in a changing world.
  • 13. BATAS PAMBANSA BLG 232 – “EDUCATION ACT Goals 1. Achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress; 2. Assure the maximum participation of all people in the attainment and employment of such growth, and 3. Achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve, develop and promote desirable culture, moral, and spiritual values in a changing world.
  • 14. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 117, s. 1987 (REORGANIZATION OF DECS) The Department shall be responsible for the formulation, planning, implementation, and coordination of policies, plans, programs and projects in the areas of formal and non – formal education at all levels: elementary, secondary, higher, technical – vocational, non – formal, sports and culture.
  • 15. RA 7722: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994 An act creating the Commission on Higher Education.
  • 16. RA 7796: AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY OF 1994 An act creating the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.
  • 17. RA 9155: AN ACT INSTITUTING A FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION, ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY, RENAMING THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS AS THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
  • 18. Philosophical Foundation of Education This philosophy emphasizes that educational concern must be on the child's interests, desires and the learner's freedom as an individual rather than the subject matter. No structured curriculum. Education should be life itself not a preparation for life. The curriculum is child-centered and flexible.
  • 19. Education Stakeholders and Partners Local Government Units (LGUs) - e LSB controls the use of the SEF - Special Education Fund, which is generated from the local real estate or property tax (equivalent to 1%). Commission on Higher Education (CHED) - CHED oversees colleges and universities which produce graduates who become teachers in the system. This relationship informs the CHED and aligns the teacher education curriculum with the newly- established Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST).
  • 20. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) - TESDA oversees technical and vocational education in the country where there is an overlap with DepEd
  • 21. Early Childhood Care and Development Council (ECCD) - The ECCD Council is a government agency mandated by RA 10410 or the Early Years Act (EYA) of 2013 to act as the primary agency supporting the government’s ECCD programs that cover health, nutrition, early education, and social services for children aged 0-4 years
  • 22. National Government Line Agencies Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) - DPWH delivers fully constructed school buildings and other facilities
  • 23. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) DSWD overseas ECCD (0-4 years old). DSWD also manages the conditional cash transfer program (4Ps), which has an education component.
  • 24. Department of Health (DOH) - DOH helps DepEd with school health and nutrition programs.
  • 25. National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) - NEDA works with DepEd to flesh out the basic education section of the Philippine Development Plan and provides assistance in monitoring the programs of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to education.
  • 26. Department of Budget and Management (DBM) DepEd works with DBM on budget planning, management, and accountability. Over the years, DBM and DepEd (with Commission on Audit concurrence) have designed and set up budget mechanisms to facilitate and make efficient the usage and flow of funds, such as the Direct Release System, where funds for field units no longer had to pass through the central office.
  • 27. National Nutrition Council (NNC) The NNC provides valuable data on the state of nutrition of children essential for the planning of school health and school feeding programs.
  • 28. National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) NCIP provides information and contacts with IP communities, many of which are in GIDA areas and might be the subject of the Last-Mile-Schools program.
  • 29. Private Sector in Education Philippine Colleges and Universities and Schools Philippine universities are grouped into associations that interact with DepEd in different fora depending on the issue. COCOPEA (Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations) is the umbrella organization with five educational associations with over 2,500 educational and learning institutions among its member schools.
  • 30. The five associations are: Philippine Associations of Colleges and Universities (PACU); Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP); Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities (ASCU); Philippine Association of Private Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAPSCU); Tech-Voc Schools Association of the Philippines (TVSA).
  • 31. Cost of Education in the Philippines Public - free until tertiary level Private - Elementary - Php 10000 to Php 15000 Secondary - Php 15000 to Php 30000 Tertiary - Php 70,000 to Php 100000