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Dr. D. N. Bid


(Health-Related)
Physical Fitness
 Measure

of a
person’s ability to
perform physical
activities
requiring:
 Endurance
 Strength
 Flexibility


SkillRelated
Fitness



HealthRelated
Fitness






Agility
Balance
Coordination
Reaction time
Speed










Speed:
 Amount of distance travelled in one direction in comparison to
time
 Running a certain distance in fastest time possible 100 M Dash
Balance:
 Definition – Ability to maintain equilibrium
 Measurement – Balance board/ Stork stand
Coordination:
 Definition – Putting relevant motor programs in correct order
 Measurement – football
Agility:
 Definition – Ability to move and change direction quickly
 Measurement – dancing, martial arts
Reaction Time:
 Definition – Time between stimulus-response
 Measurement – Reaction time test
1. Muscle strength
2. Muscle endurance
3. Cardiovascular endurance
4. Flexibility

5. Body composition


The ability of a muscle or muscle group to
exert a maximum force against a resistance
ONE TIME through the full range of
motion. Range of motion (ROM) is the
degrees through which a joint can move.
 1 RM-one repetition maximum.
 Bench press
 Squat


The ability of a muscle or
muscle group to exert a submaximal force REPEATEDLY
over a period of time.
To improve strength, lift heavier weights
than you are used to.
To improve muscle endurance, lift more
times, not more weight.


The ability to perform large muscle moderate
to high intensity exercise for PROLONGED
PERIODS keeping your heart rate in the heart
rate target zone:
220
- age
x 70% to 85%
The target heart rate zone for a 17 year old is
142-173 beats per minute.


Is the ability to move a joint
through its complete range of
motion (ROM).


Is the amount of lean body mass
(bone, muscle, organs and body
fluids) compared with the
amount of body fat.

ADULT MALE
15%-18%

ADULT FEMALE
22%-25%

BMI = Body Mass Index
It is an indirect measure of body
composition
based on height and weight.








A. Multiply your
weight in pounds
by .45 to get
kilograms
B. Convert your
height in inches and
multiply this
number by .0254
C. Multiply your
height number by
itself
D. Divide this into
your weight in
kilograms

A man weighing 175 pounds
and standing 5’9” tall
A. 175 x .45= 78.75
B. 5’9” = 69”
69” x .0254= 1.7526
C. 1.7526
x 1.7526
3.0716
D. 78.75/ 3.0716 = 25.64 BMI
(Body Mass Index)


Range

 







19 and below
lowest risk for
premature death
19 to 24.9
20% higher
25 to 26.9
30% higher
27 to 28.9
60% higher
Overload
 human body stressed slightly more than accustomed.
Threshold of Training
 minimum level of exercise.
Adaptation
 body adapts to exercise level.
Principle of Progression
 gradually increase overload over a period of time.




Principle of
Reversibility
 use/disuse-use
it or lose it2weeks
Principle of
Overuse
 overdo causing
chronic injuries
or undue
fatigue.


States that a body
system must
perform at a level
beyond normal in
order to adapt
and improve
physiological
function and
fitness.
A gradual increase in the level of exercise that
is manipulated by increasing frequency,
intensity, or time, or a combination of all three
components.


Frequency



Intensity



Time



Type
Frequency

Intensity

Time

Type

How Often

How Intense How Long

What Kind

Three times per
week,
preferably daily
and after a
warm-up to
raise muscle
temperature.

Slow
elongation of
the muscle to
the point of
mild
discomfort and
back off
slightly.

The preferred
stretch for the
classroom is slow
static stretching
for all muscles or
muscle groups.

Up to 4-5
stretches per
muscle or
muscle group.
Hold each
stretch 10-30
sec. Always
warm up prior
to stretching.
Reduces Risk of Heart Disease
Stronger Bones &
Muscles

RHR
wer
Lo

rg y
e
En
ore
M
Lo
we
rB
lo o
dP
res
sur
e

Reduces
Stress
n Heart
e
trength
S

Helps Maintain Healthy Body Weight


Step ups for
two minutes
Count pulse
immediately after
for one minute to
determine cardio
endurance level


Step Test Results

85- 95 Excellent
96-105 Good
106-125 Fair
 125 or more –
needs
improvement








One way to check how
hard you are exercising is
to check your maximum
heart rate ( MHR).
If you exercise hard
enough you will be in
your target heart rate
zone which is 60 % to
85% of your MHR.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
is your heart rate when
you are not exercising
Recovery Time: the
amount of time your
heart takes to return to its
RHR after exercising






MHR = 220 – age
60% of MHR =
MHRx60
85% of
MHR=MHRx0.85
> Is exercise that uses
oxygen to get energy
> Oxygen comes from the
glucose in sugars in
bread or fruits that we
eat
> Endurance exercises
such as long distance
running and
swimming are aerobic
exercises
1) Exercise that is fueled
without using oxygen
2) In this exercise
glycogen is use. It is
another kind of sugar
found in food
3) Activities that use
strength in short
bursts, such as
sprinting and weight
lifting are anaerobic
exercises
1)Aerobic and Anaerobic
exercises can be used
together
2) For example, tennis
players use short burst
of strength when they
serve or return the ball
so they are using
anaerobic energy.
2) Their bodies use
aerobic energy to keep
playing.










> Competition: is a contest
between two or more people
or teams
> Competition can help
improve fitness
> Competition can also be
fun
> Sportsmanship: is the
ability to treat all players,
officials, and fans fairly
during competition
> makes competition fun for
players, fans and officials










>Someone who
practices sportsmanship
> Always plays his/her
best
> Follows the rules of
the game
> Considers the safety
of other players
> Congratulates players
for a good job even if
they are on a different
team



> polite if he/she
loses and modest
when he/she wins








> The use of weights
to make muscles
stronger or bigger.
> Improves muscular
strength and
endurance
> Two types of weight
lifting:
1) strength
development
2) body building
> Usually lift more
weights, does fewer
repetitions and does a
different number of
sets than someone
who does not want big
muscles
>Repetition: number of
times you do an
exercise
> Set: is a group of
repetitions






> Two types of
weight- training
equipment
1) Free weights:
dumbbells, barbells
and curl bars.
2) Machines: use a
system of pulleys to
let your control the
weight as you lift it











1) Use a spotter: someone who can take
weight away if you can not finish a lift
2) Lift weights in groups. Take turns to rest
3) Make sure the free weights are secured to
the bar
4) Make sure you understand how a machine
works
5) Do not lift something that is too heavy for
you
6) Exercise both sides of a joint to prevent
injury. If you worked on your chest, you
should also work on your shoulders
Components of physical fitness
Components of physical fitness














> Sharp pain
> Tenderness in a single
area
> Swelling
> A reduced range of
motion around a joint
> muscle weakness
> numbness or tingling
> muscle soreness is
normal and will go away
the next time you exercise












> Most adults need to
exercise at least three to five
time a week. However,
some people exercise too
much
>Signs of overtraining
* You feel tired all the time
* You aren’t doing well
during games and practices
* Your resting heart rate
increases
* You may get hurt more
often







> Acute Injuries
1) Strains: when a
muscle or tendon is
overstretched or torn
2) Sprains: when a
joint is twisted
suddenly; the
ligaments are stretched
or torn
3) Fracture: a cracked
or broken bone








> Report an acute injury
to your parents or a
teacher right away.
> You may need to see a
doctor
> First aid includes rest,
ice, compression( wrap
with bandage) and
elevation ( elevate on a
chair or stool)
> These steps reduce
swelling and pain







> Develops a long
period of time
> Examples:
1) Stress fractures: a
tiny fracture
2) Tendinitis: an
irritation of a tendon
> Can be caused by
increasing physical
activity too quickly
> can be used by using
the wrong equipment





> Can be caused by
exercising on uneven
surfaces
> The best treatment
is rest
1) Warm up and Cool
Down: injuries can
happen without these
2) Do stretching before
exercising and after
warming up improves
flexibility
3) Do not go too fast
Increasing frequency,
intensity and time too
much or too soon can lead
to injury
4)
5)

6)
7)

8)

4) Improve your form:
Use a mirror to see if
your form is right; get a
trainor who can tell you
if your form is good or
not
5) Take a break:
Alternate hard exercise
with active rest
6) Wear the right sports
gear: Take the weather
into consideration;
always wear appropriate
shoes
7) Use your safety
equipment: falls and
collisions are common
in sports and accident
happen when you least
expect them
8) Do not exercise alone
Exercising with friends
is a good way to
prevent accidents

More Related Content

Components of physical fitness

  • 1. Dr. D. N. Bid
  • 2.  (Health-Related) Physical Fitness  Measure of a person’s ability to perform physical activities requiring:  Endurance  Strength  Flexibility
  • 5.      Speed:  Amount of distance travelled in one direction in comparison to time  Running a certain distance in fastest time possible 100 M Dash Balance:  Definition – Ability to maintain equilibrium  Measurement – Balance board/ Stork stand Coordination:  Definition – Putting relevant motor programs in correct order  Measurement – football Agility:  Definition – Ability to move and change direction quickly  Measurement – dancing, martial arts Reaction Time:  Definition – Time between stimulus-response  Measurement – Reaction time test
  • 6. 1. Muscle strength 2. Muscle endurance 3. Cardiovascular endurance 4. Flexibility 5. Body composition
  • 7.  The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert a maximum force against a resistance ONE TIME through the full range of motion. Range of motion (ROM) is the degrees through which a joint can move.  1 RM-one repetition maximum.  Bench press  Squat
  • 8.  The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert a submaximal force REPEATEDLY over a period of time.
  • 9. To improve strength, lift heavier weights than you are used to. To improve muscle endurance, lift more times, not more weight.
  • 10.  The ability to perform large muscle moderate to high intensity exercise for PROLONGED PERIODS keeping your heart rate in the heart rate target zone: 220 - age x 70% to 85% The target heart rate zone for a 17 year old is 142-173 beats per minute.
  • 11.  Is the ability to move a joint through its complete range of motion (ROM).
  • 12.  Is the amount of lean body mass (bone, muscle, organs and body fluids) compared with the amount of body fat. ADULT MALE 15%-18% ADULT FEMALE 22%-25% BMI = Body Mass Index It is an indirect measure of body composition based on height and weight.
  • 13.     A. Multiply your weight in pounds by .45 to get kilograms B. Convert your height in inches and multiply this number by .0254 C. Multiply your height number by itself D. Divide this into your weight in kilograms A man weighing 175 pounds and standing 5’9” tall A. 175 x .45= 78.75 B. 5’9” = 69” 69” x .0254= 1.7526 C. 1.7526 x 1.7526 3.0716 D. 78.75/ 3.0716 = 25.64 BMI (Body Mass Index)
  • 14.  Range        19 and below lowest risk for premature death 19 to 24.9 20% higher 25 to 26.9 30% higher 27 to 28.9 60% higher
  • 15. Overload  human body stressed slightly more than accustomed. Threshold of Training  minimum level of exercise. Adaptation  body adapts to exercise level. Principle of Progression  gradually increase overload over a period of time.
  • 16.   Principle of Reversibility  use/disuse-use it or lose it2weeks Principle of Overuse  overdo causing chronic injuries or undue fatigue.
  • 17.  States that a body system must perform at a level beyond normal in order to adapt and improve physiological function and fitness.
  • 18. A gradual increase in the level of exercise that is manipulated by increasing frequency, intensity, or time, or a combination of all three components.
  • 20. Frequency Intensity Time Type How Often How Intense How Long What Kind Three times per week, preferably daily and after a warm-up to raise muscle temperature. Slow elongation of the muscle to the point of mild discomfort and back off slightly. The preferred stretch for the classroom is slow static stretching for all muscles or muscle groups. Up to 4-5 stretches per muscle or muscle group. Hold each stretch 10-30 sec. Always warm up prior to stretching.
  • 21. Reduces Risk of Heart Disease Stronger Bones & Muscles RHR wer Lo rg y e En ore M Lo we rB lo o dP res sur e Reduces Stress n Heart e trength S Helps Maintain Healthy Body Weight
  • 22.  Step ups for two minutes Count pulse immediately after for one minute to determine cardio endurance level
  • 23.  Step Test Results 85- 95 Excellent 96-105 Good 106-125 Fair  125 or more – needs improvement
  • 24.     One way to check how hard you are exercising is to check your maximum heart rate ( MHR). If you exercise hard enough you will be in your target heart rate zone which is 60 % to 85% of your MHR. Resting Heart Rate (RHR) is your heart rate when you are not exercising Recovery Time: the amount of time your heart takes to return to its RHR after exercising    MHR = 220 – age 60% of MHR = MHRx60 85% of MHR=MHRx0.85
  • 25. > Is exercise that uses oxygen to get energy > Oxygen comes from the glucose in sugars in bread or fruits that we eat > Endurance exercises such as long distance running and swimming are aerobic exercises
  • 26. 1) Exercise that is fueled without using oxygen 2) In this exercise glycogen is use. It is another kind of sugar found in food 3) Activities that use strength in short bursts, such as sprinting and weight lifting are anaerobic exercises
  • 27. 1)Aerobic and Anaerobic exercises can be used together 2) For example, tennis players use short burst of strength when they serve or return the ball so they are using anaerobic energy. 2) Their bodies use aerobic energy to keep playing.
  • 28.      > Competition: is a contest between two or more people or teams > Competition can help improve fitness > Competition can also be fun > Sportsmanship: is the ability to treat all players, officials, and fans fairly during competition > makes competition fun for players, fans and officials
  • 29.      >Someone who practices sportsmanship > Always plays his/her best > Follows the rules of the game > Considers the safety of other players > Congratulates players for a good job even if they are on a different team  > polite if he/she loses and modest when he/she wins
  • 30.     > The use of weights to make muscles stronger or bigger. > Improves muscular strength and endurance > Two types of weight lifting: 1) strength development 2) body building
  • 31. > Usually lift more weights, does fewer repetitions and does a different number of sets than someone who does not want big muscles >Repetition: number of times you do an exercise > Set: is a group of repetitions
  • 32.    > Two types of weight- training equipment 1) Free weights: dumbbells, barbells and curl bars. 2) Machines: use a system of pulleys to let your control the weight as you lift it
  • 33.       1) Use a spotter: someone who can take weight away if you can not finish a lift 2) Lift weights in groups. Take turns to rest 3) Make sure the free weights are secured to the bar 4) Make sure you understand how a machine works 5) Do not lift something that is too heavy for you 6) Exercise both sides of a joint to prevent injury. If you worked on your chest, you should also work on your shoulders
  • 36.        > Sharp pain > Tenderness in a single area > Swelling > A reduced range of motion around a joint > muscle weakness > numbness or tingling > muscle soreness is normal and will go away the next time you exercise
  • 37.       > Most adults need to exercise at least three to five time a week. However, some people exercise too much >Signs of overtraining * You feel tired all the time * You aren’t doing well during games and practices * Your resting heart rate increases * You may get hurt more often
  • 38.     > Acute Injuries 1) Strains: when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn 2) Sprains: when a joint is twisted suddenly; the ligaments are stretched or torn 3) Fracture: a cracked or broken bone
  • 39.     > Report an acute injury to your parents or a teacher right away. > You may need to see a doctor > First aid includes rest, ice, compression( wrap with bandage) and elevation ( elevate on a chair or stool) > These steps reduce swelling and pain
  • 40.     > Develops a long period of time > Examples: 1) Stress fractures: a tiny fracture 2) Tendinitis: an irritation of a tendon > Can be caused by increasing physical activity too quickly > can be used by using the wrong equipment   > Can be caused by exercising on uneven surfaces > The best treatment is rest
  • 41. 1) Warm up and Cool Down: injuries can happen without these 2) Do stretching before exercising and after warming up improves flexibility 3) Do not go too fast Increasing frequency, intensity and time too much or too soon can lead to injury
  • 42. 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 4) Improve your form: Use a mirror to see if your form is right; get a trainor who can tell you if your form is good or not 5) Take a break: Alternate hard exercise with active rest 6) Wear the right sports gear: Take the weather into consideration; always wear appropriate shoes
  • 43. 7) Use your safety equipment: falls and collisions are common in sports and accident happen when you least expect them 8) Do not exercise alone Exercising with friends is a good way to prevent accidents

Editor's Notes

  1. (Instructor Note – Choose the amount of detail that you think your audience requires – The slides are written as if an overview of the basic concepts and components is needed. For participants who may need more information than is provided here – refer them to the Teacher’s Guide)
  2. (defined on slide) – as found in PB Teacher’s Guide (p.5 in the 2nd edition)
  3. Skill-related components - Basic skills and concepts common to all movement forms are needed for students to become self-sufficient in health-related fitness activities (Teacher’s Guide – p.157) Health-related components - Each of the health-related fitness concepts is specific to physical health. We’ll briefly examine each of the skill-related and health-related components (next slide)
  4. Additional principles of fitness that apply to aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and flexibility include overload and progression. (read slide) Body Systems include -(cardiorespiratory, muscular, or skeletal)
  5. refers to how an individual should increase overload. Proper progression involves the above.
  6. Further principles of fitness are expressed through the FITT Guidelines, including: Frequency – (how often) the person performs the activity Intensity – (how hard) a person exercises during an activity period Time – (how long) the activity is maintained Type – (what kind) refers to the mode of activity a person chooses to perform in each area of health-related fitness / similar to specificity, which states that explicit activities that target a particular body system must be performed to bring about fitness changes in that area
  7. Note: Although 10-30 sec is recommended as the length of time to hold a stretch, an advanced student may hold a stretch up to 60 sec.
  8. WHY – are all of the components and principles important? Because of the many benefits of fitness – (Instructor can ask participants to name benefits – or read the following) Some of the benefits are: Makes the heart pump more strongly. Helps lower blood pressure and resting heart rates. Reduces the risks of heart disease. Strengthens the bones and muscles. Gives you more energy to do school work, daily chores, and play. Helps maintain a healthy body weight. Reduces stress.