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Computer by neeraj sabarwal

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Sanjay Patil
Sanjay Patil

The document discusses various components of computers including processors, memory, storage, networking, and backups. It covers options from Intel, AMD, and other processor manufacturers. Hard disks, RAM, cache memory, and other core components are explained. The importance of backups, UPS systems, and networking is emphasized. Various form factors like notebooks are also mentioned as useful tools. The document promotes investing in training, IT, and using technology for business advantages.

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C H I P S & C H I P S NEERAJ SABHARWAL DIRECTOR WYSETEK SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGISTS PVT.LTD.
Broadly speaking … • PROCESSORS • HARD DISK • BACKUP • UPS • NETWORKING • ADD-ONS • FUTURE IS HERE TODAY
MICROPROCESSOR • CONTROLS THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER BY EXECUTING INSTRUCTIONS • MORE BITS IT CAN HANDLE AT A TIME MORE POWERFUL IS THE PROCESSOR • PERFORMANCE OF THE PC DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR
MICROPROCESSOR OPTIONS 1) INTEL 2) NON - INTEL
INTEL • WORLD LEADER • VIRTUAL MONOPOLY • ENTIRE RANGE FROM ENTRY LEVEL, POWER USER, WORKSTATION, SERVER • PENTIUM II, CELERON, ZEON ETC.
NON - INTEL • BASICALLY INTEL COMPATIBLE CHEAPER OPTIONS • CYRIX, AMC ETC. • OFTEN THEY OFFER BETTER VALUE FOR MONEY
INTEL-PROCESSOR - P-II • DYNAMIC EXECUTION, DIB, 512 K L2 CACHE • SPEEDS 333, 350, 400, 450 • CHOOSE RIGHT CHIPSET • FOR POWER USERS
INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR • SCALE DOWN VERSION / CHEAPER • FOR ENTRY LEVEL MACHINES • TECHNICALLY L2 CACHE 128 KB REST EVERYTHING SAME
CYRIX PROCESSOR • MUCH LESSER PRICE FOR SAME PERFORMANCE HENCE PRICE / PERFORMANCE BETTER • SOCKET 7 ( LIKE PENTIUM ) • PR 233 & M II 300 • MEDIA GX INCLUDES SOUND PROCESSOR, DISPLAY CONTROLLER & OPTION FOR TV OUT
AMD PROCESSOR • SIMILAR TO CYRIX • K6 AND K7
BRANDED V/S UNBRANDED • What does this mean to you as a user? • Does this mean that one is better than the other? • How? • What is really cost effective solution for your property and why?
SYSTEM DETAILS • RAM • CACHE MEMORY • BIOS • HDD • DISPLAY CARDS • MONITOR
RAM • PROCESSOR USES THIS MEMORY AS A SCRATCH PAD • MORE THE MEMORY BETTER THE PERFORMANCE • MOUNTED IN FORM OF MODULES. INITIALLY THEY WERE 30 & 72 PIN BUT NOW THEY ARE 128 PIN • TYPICALLY 16,32,64,128 MB PER MODULE • TYPE OF CURRENTLY USED RAM IS SD RAM ( PREVIOUSLY IT WAS EDO )
CACHE MEMORY • INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN PROCESSOR AND RAM • MAKES MAJOR DIFFERENCE TO SYSTEM PERFORMANCE • TWO TYPES : • - INTERNAL TO THE CPU L1 • - EXTERNAL TO THE CPU L2
BIOS-BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM • DOES POWER ON SELF TEST- POST • RESPONSIBLE FOR INITIAL SETTINGS OF ALL THE ELECTRONICS • CONTAINS SMALL PROGRAMS CALLED ROUTINES REQUIRED BY PROCESSOR TO CONTROL DEVICES • IT IS A ROM
HARD DISK DRIVES • MOST COMMON STORAGE DEVICE • IT CONSISTS OF MAGNETIC MEDIA AND READ WRITE HEADS • AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITIES 2.1 / 4.3 / 6 / 8 /9 GIGA BYTES ( GB ) • VERY SOPHISTICATED & DELICATE DEVICE. • MOST SENSITIVE TO DUST, SHOCKS & POWER PROBLEMS.
HARD DISK-IDE • INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS • HIGH PERFORMANCE • UPTO 33 MB/SEC WITH TODAYS EIDE UDMA • UPTO 4 DRIVES IN A SYSTEM • SUITED FOR DESKTOP / POWER USERS ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS • SEAGATE / QUANTUM / SAMSUNG MAJOR PLAYERS
HARD DISK - SCSI • HIGH PERFORMANCE MORE RELIABLE • MORE DEVICES CAN BE CONNECTED ( UPTO 16 IN WIDE ) • MORE SUITED WHEN INTEGRATING WITH OTHER DEVICES SUCH AS DAT DRIVES, SCANNERS ETC. • USED IN SERVERS, HIGHEND WORKSTATIONS • SEAGATE, IBM, QUANTUM
DISPLAY CARD • TO DISPLAY THE INFORMATION ON THE MONITOR ( SCREEN ) • CONTAINS ITS OWN MEMORY • PCI VGA CARDS & AGP VGA CARDS • HIGH END CARDS ( ACCELERATORS ) FOR MAXIMIZING DISPLAY PERFORMANCE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE
MONITORS • 14”STANDARD SIZE ALSO AVAILABLE 15”, 17”,19”, 21” ETC. • SUPER VGA MONITORS CAPABLE OF DISPLAYING 16 MILLION COLORS • DIGITAL MONITORS - HAVE DIGITAL CONTROLS • NON INTERLACE MONITORS, FLICKER FREE BETTER FOR EYES. • SAMTRON, PHILIPS, VIEWSONIC KNOWN BRANDS
BACKUP • IMPORTANCE OF BACKUP • HARDWARE CAN BE REPAIRED / REPLACED • SOFTWARE CAN BE RECONFIGURED / REINSTALLED • DATA ONCE LOST CANNOT BE RECOVERED • HENCE ALL THE TIME AND EFFORT IS LOST • DATA IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE RESOURCE • MUST BE BACKEDUP
BACKUP • STRATEGIES • DAILY - INCREMENTAL • - DIFFERENTIAL / FULL • DEVICE • TAPE DRIVES • DAT DRIVES • CD WRITERS • ZIP DRIVES • JAZZ DRIVES • SOFTWARE • UNATTENDED / ONLINE / FAST • BACKUPS
UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY ( UPS ) • WHY DO WE NEED ONE • POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE CAUSE OF DATA LOSS 15 TIMES MORE FREQUENT THAN VIRUS. • POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE CAUSE OF COMPUTER DOWNTIME • ACCORDING TO SURVEY DONE BY IBM EVERY COMPUTER FACES 120 POWER DISTURBANCES PER MONTH
UPS - INDIAN SCENARIO • MUMBAI POWER ONCE CONSIDERED VERY CLEAN IS NO LONGER SO. • OUTSIDE MUMBAI ITS EVER WORSE DESPERATE UNDER VOLTAGE / OVER VOLTAGE
UPS • For Server at least • Power conditioning • - Gujarat • - Maharashtra • - Goa
UPS-SELECTING THE RIGHT UPS • SIZING THE UPS ACCORDING TO VA REQUIRED • CHOOSING RIGHT MODEL EG. • APC BACKPRO FOR NODES • APC SMART FOR SERVER • APC SMART UXI FOR EXTENDED RUNTIME
NETWORKING • NETWORKING OS • ACTIVE COMPONENTS • CABLING
NETWORKING OS • RUNS ON THE MAIN MACHINE (SERVER) & CONTROLS THE ENTIRE NETWORK • DOES ALL OPERATION REQUIRED TO SHARE THE RESOURCES LIKES FILES, DATA, PRINTERS & OTHER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPONENTS. • TWO OPTION WINDOWS NT & NOVELL • NETWARE, UNTIL FEW YEARS BACK NETWARE WAS THE STANDARD
NETWORKING OS - NT • SIMPLICITY ADMINISTRATION & USE • MULTIPROCESSOR & CROSS PLATFORM SUPPORT • BETTER INTEGRATION WITH INTERNET • INBUILT FACILITIES SUCH AS RAS • TIGHTER INTEGRATION WITH MICROSOFTS OWN PRODUCTS • DATABASE - SQL SERVER • MESSAGING - EXCHANGE SERVER • INTERNET - INTERNET INFO SRV
NETWORKING OS - NETWARE • STILL THE FASTEST FILE & PRINT SERVER • VERY STABLE & RELIABLE • VERY RECENTLY TRYING TO MATCH NT FEATURE BY FEATURE - NETWARE 5
CABLING • STRUCTURED CABLING • OFFERS GREAT FLEXIBILITY • OFFERS PERFORMANCE & STABILITY • FUTURE PROOF
CABLING - UTP • CHEAPER &MOST POPULAR OPTION • GOOD ENOUGH FOR GENERAL CONDITIONS • CAT5 FOR 100 MBPS & CAT6 FOR 1 GBPS NETWORKING • LUCENT ( AT&T ) IS THE MOST POPULAR BRAND
CABLING STP • SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR • EXPENSIVE • MORE SUITED FOR AREAS PRONE TO INTERFERENCE POWER • SIEMENS, IBM • REMEMBER PROPER EARTHING IS VERY CRITICAL
ACTIVE COMPONENTS • 10 MBPS HUBS • TODAY SLOWLY MIGRATING TO 100 MBPS • SWITCHING IS BECOMING POPULAR SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY NETWORKS
OTHER HARDWARE OPTIONS • FAX MODEMS • SCANNERS • SWIPE CARDS • ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
FAX MODEMS • INTERNET & EMAIL • NETWORK BASED FAXING • REMOTE LOGIN / CONTROL - PCANYWHERE • REMOTE MANAGEMENT
SCANNERS • IMAGE SCANNING FOR ADING VALUE • OCR - TOWARDS PAPER LESS OFFICE
SWIPE CARDS • DEBIT / CREDIT CARDS • ACCESS CONTROL • ATTENDENCE SYSTEM • AUTOMATIC PAYROLL
Future is here today... • TOUCH TECHNOLOGY • LCD DISPLAY • DIGITAL CAMERAS
NOTEBOOK PC AS A TOOL • HOW USEFUL TO CEO? • UTILITY WITH CONVENIENCE AND CONTROL AT YOUR FINGER TIPS • PC ANYWHERE - REMOTE CONTROL FOR OWNERS
LEGAL SOFTWARE • ANTI-VIRUS PROTECTION • LICENSES FOR LEGAL SOFTWARE • e.g. MICROSOFT WINDOWS, OFFICE, NOVELL, WINDOWS - NT & ANY OTHER LICENSE REQUIRED
PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS • TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • BETTER PMS PACKAGES • MORE MIS REPORTS & ANALYSIS • INTERNET & THE WEB • ALL THIS WITH BETTER PEOPLE

More Related Content

Computer by neeraj sabarwal

  • 1. C H I P S & C H I P S NEERAJ SABHARWAL DIRECTOR WYSETEK SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGISTS PVT.LTD.
  • 2. Broadly speaking … • PROCESSORS • HARD DISK • BACKUP • UPS • NETWORKING • ADD-ONS • FUTURE IS HERE TODAY
  • 3. MICROPROCESSOR • CONTROLS THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER BY EXECUTING INSTRUCTIONS • MORE BITS IT CAN HANDLE AT A TIME MORE POWERFUL IS THE PROCESSOR • PERFORMANCE OF THE PC DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR
  • 5. INTEL • WORLD LEADER • VIRTUAL MONOPOLY • ENTIRE RANGE FROM ENTRY LEVEL, POWER USER, WORKSTATION, SERVER • PENTIUM II, CELERON, ZEON ETC.
  • 6. NON - INTEL • BASICALLY INTEL COMPATIBLE CHEAPER OPTIONS • CYRIX, AMC ETC. • OFTEN THEY OFFER BETTER VALUE FOR MONEY
  • 7. INTEL-PROCESSOR - P-II • DYNAMIC EXECUTION, DIB, 512 K L2 CACHE • SPEEDS 333, 350, 400, 450 • CHOOSE RIGHT CHIPSET • FOR POWER USERS
  • 8. INTEL CELERON PROCESSOR • SCALE DOWN VERSION / CHEAPER • FOR ENTRY LEVEL MACHINES • TECHNICALLY L2 CACHE 128 KB REST EVERYTHING SAME
  • 9. CYRIX PROCESSOR • MUCH LESSER PRICE FOR SAME PERFORMANCE HENCE PRICE / PERFORMANCE BETTER • SOCKET 7 ( LIKE PENTIUM ) • PR 233 & M II 300 • MEDIA GX INCLUDES SOUND PROCESSOR, DISPLAY CONTROLLER & OPTION FOR TV OUT
  • 10. AMD PROCESSOR • SIMILAR TO CYRIX • K6 AND K7
  • 11. BRANDED V/S UNBRANDED • What does this mean to you as a user? • Does this mean that one is better than the other? • How? • What is really cost effective solution for your property and why?
  • 12. SYSTEM DETAILS • RAM • CACHE MEMORY • BIOS • HDD • DISPLAY CARDS • MONITOR
  • 13. RAM • PROCESSOR USES THIS MEMORY AS A SCRATCH PAD • MORE THE MEMORY BETTER THE PERFORMANCE • MOUNTED IN FORM OF MODULES. INITIALLY THEY WERE 30 & 72 PIN BUT NOW THEY ARE 128 PIN • TYPICALLY 16,32,64,128 MB PER MODULE • TYPE OF CURRENTLY USED RAM IS SD RAM ( PREVIOUSLY IT WAS EDO )
  • 14. CACHE MEMORY • INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN PROCESSOR AND RAM • MAKES MAJOR DIFFERENCE TO SYSTEM PERFORMANCE • TWO TYPES : • - INTERNAL TO THE CPU L1 • - EXTERNAL TO THE CPU L2
  • 15. BIOS-BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM • DOES POWER ON SELF TEST- POST • RESPONSIBLE FOR INITIAL SETTINGS OF ALL THE ELECTRONICS • CONTAINS SMALL PROGRAMS CALLED ROUTINES REQUIRED BY PROCESSOR TO CONTROL DEVICES • IT IS A ROM
  • 16. HARD DISK DRIVES • MOST COMMON STORAGE DEVICE • IT CONSISTS OF MAGNETIC MEDIA AND READ WRITE HEADS • AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT CAPACITIES 2.1 / 4.3 / 6 / 8 /9 GIGA BYTES ( GB ) • VERY SOPHISTICATED & DELICATE DEVICE. • MOST SENSITIVE TO DUST, SHOCKS & POWER PROBLEMS.
  • 17. HARD DISK-IDE • INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS • HIGH PERFORMANCE • UPTO 33 MB/SEC WITH TODAYS EIDE UDMA • UPTO 4 DRIVES IN A SYSTEM • SUITED FOR DESKTOP / POWER USERS ENTRY LEVEL SERVERS • SEAGATE / QUANTUM / SAMSUNG MAJOR PLAYERS
  • 18. HARD DISK - SCSI • HIGH PERFORMANCE MORE RELIABLE • MORE DEVICES CAN BE CONNECTED ( UPTO 16 IN WIDE ) • MORE SUITED WHEN INTEGRATING WITH OTHER DEVICES SUCH AS DAT DRIVES, SCANNERS ETC. • USED IN SERVERS, HIGHEND WORKSTATIONS • SEAGATE, IBM, QUANTUM
  • 19. DISPLAY CARD • TO DISPLAY THE INFORMATION ON THE MONITOR ( SCREEN ) • CONTAINS ITS OWN MEMORY • PCI VGA CARDS & AGP VGA CARDS • HIGH END CARDS ( ACCELERATORS ) FOR MAXIMIZING DISPLAY PERFORMANCE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE
  • 20. MONITORS • 14”STANDARD SIZE ALSO AVAILABLE 15”, 17”,19”, 21” ETC. • SUPER VGA MONITORS CAPABLE OF DISPLAYING 16 MILLION COLORS • DIGITAL MONITORS - HAVE DIGITAL CONTROLS • NON INTERLACE MONITORS, FLICKER FREE BETTER FOR EYES. • SAMTRON, PHILIPS, VIEWSONIC KNOWN BRANDS
  • 21. BACKUP • IMPORTANCE OF BACKUP • HARDWARE CAN BE REPAIRED / REPLACED • SOFTWARE CAN BE RECONFIGURED / REINSTALLED • DATA ONCE LOST CANNOT BE RECOVERED • HENCE ALL THE TIME AND EFFORT IS LOST • DATA IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE RESOURCE • MUST BE BACKEDUP
  • 22. BACKUP • STRATEGIES • DAILY - INCREMENTAL • - DIFFERENTIAL / FULL • DEVICE • TAPE DRIVES • DAT DRIVES • CD WRITERS • ZIP DRIVES • JAZZ DRIVES • SOFTWARE • UNATTENDED / ONLINE / FAST • BACKUPS
  • 23. UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY ( UPS ) • WHY DO WE NEED ONE • POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE CAUSE OF DATA LOSS 15 TIMES MORE FREQUENT THAN VIRUS. • POWER PROBLEMS ARE LARGEST SINGLE CAUSE OF COMPUTER DOWNTIME • ACCORDING TO SURVEY DONE BY IBM EVERY COMPUTER FACES 120 POWER DISTURBANCES PER MONTH
  • 24. UPS - INDIAN SCENARIO • MUMBAI POWER ONCE CONSIDERED VERY CLEAN IS NO LONGER SO. • OUTSIDE MUMBAI ITS EVER WORSE DESPERATE UNDER VOLTAGE / OVER VOLTAGE
  • 25. UPS • For Server at least • Power conditioning • - Gujarat • - Maharashtra • - Goa
  • 26. UPS-SELECTING THE RIGHT UPS • SIZING THE UPS ACCORDING TO VA REQUIRED • CHOOSING RIGHT MODEL EG. • APC BACKPRO FOR NODES • APC SMART FOR SERVER • APC SMART UXI FOR EXTENDED RUNTIME
  • 27. NETWORKING • NETWORKING OS • ACTIVE COMPONENTS • CABLING
  • 28. NETWORKING OS • RUNS ON THE MAIN MACHINE (SERVER) & CONTROLS THE ENTIRE NETWORK • DOES ALL OPERATION REQUIRED TO SHARE THE RESOURCES LIKES FILES, DATA, PRINTERS & OTHER HARDWARE & SOFTWARE COMPONENTS. • TWO OPTION WINDOWS NT & NOVELL • NETWARE, UNTIL FEW YEARS BACK NETWARE WAS THE STANDARD
  • 29. NETWORKING OS - NT • SIMPLICITY ADMINISTRATION & USE • MULTIPROCESSOR & CROSS PLATFORM SUPPORT • BETTER INTEGRATION WITH INTERNET • INBUILT FACILITIES SUCH AS RAS • TIGHTER INTEGRATION WITH MICROSOFTS OWN PRODUCTS • DATABASE - SQL SERVER • MESSAGING - EXCHANGE SERVER • INTERNET - INTERNET INFO SRV
  • 30. NETWORKING OS - NETWARE • STILL THE FASTEST FILE & PRINT SERVER • VERY STABLE & RELIABLE • VERY RECENTLY TRYING TO MATCH NT FEATURE BY FEATURE - NETWARE 5
  • 31. CABLING • STRUCTURED CABLING • OFFERS GREAT FLEXIBILITY • OFFERS PERFORMANCE & STABILITY • FUTURE PROOF
  • 32. CABLING - UTP • CHEAPER &MOST POPULAR OPTION • GOOD ENOUGH FOR GENERAL CONDITIONS • CAT5 FOR 100 MBPS & CAT6 FOR 1 GBPS NETWORKING • LUCENT ( AT&T ) IS THE MOST POPULAR BRAND
  • 33. CABLING STP • SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR • EXPENSIVE • MORE SUITED FOR AREAS PRONE TO INTERFERENCE POWER • SIEMENS, IBM • REMEMBER PROPER EARTHING IS VERY CRITICAL
  • 34. ACTIVE COMPONENTS • 10 MBPS HUBS • TODAY SLOWLY MIGRATING TO 100 MBPS • SWITCHING IS BECOMING POPULAR SPECIALLY FOR HEAVY NETWORKS
  • 35. OTHER HARDWARE OPTIONS • FAX MODEMS • SCANNERS • SWIPE CARDS • ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
  • 36. FAX MODEMS • INTERNET & EMAIL • NETWORK BASED FAXING • REMOTE LOGIN / CONTROL - PCANYWHERE • REMOTE MANAGEMENT
  • 37. SCANNERS • IMAGE SCANNING FOR ADING VALUE • OCR - TOWARDS PAPER LESS OFFICE
  • 38. SWIPE CARDS • DEBIT / CREDIT CARDS • ACCESS CONTROL • ATTENDENCE SYSTEM • AUTOMATIC PAYROLL
  • 39. Future is here today... • TOUCH TECHNOLOGY • LCD DISPLAY • DIGITAL CAMERAS
  • 40. NOTEBOOK PC AS A TOOL • HOW USEFUL TO CEO? • UTILITY WITH CONVENIENCE AND CONTROL AT YOUR FINGER TIPS • PC ANYWHERE - REMOTE CONTROL FOR OWNERS
  • 41. LEGAL SOFTWARE • ANTI-VIRUS PROTECTION • LICENSES FOR LEGAL SOFTWARE • e.g. MICROSOFT WINDOWS, OFFICE, NOVELL, WINDOWS - NT & ANY OTHER LICENSE REQUIRED
  • 42. PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS • TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • BETTER PMS PACKAGES • MORE MIS REPORTS & ANALYSIS • INTERNET & THE WEB • ALL THIS WITH BETTER PEOPLE