Concept of agro forestry
- 1. RESTRICTED CONCEPT OF AGRO- FORESTRY
- 2. RESTRICTED Agro-forestry is a collective name for land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units in association with agricultural crops , pastures or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence. Agroforestry is any sustainable land-use system that maintains or increases total yields by combining food crops (annuals) with tree crops (perennials) and/or livestock on the same unit of land, either alternately or at the same time, using management practices that suit the social and cultural characteristics of the local people and the economic and ecological conditions of the area. Agroforestry can also be defined as a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resource management system that, through the integration of trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social, economic and environmental benefits for land users at all levels. AGROFORESTRY
- 3. RESTRICTED Social forestry is defined as “Forestry outside the conventional forests which primarily aim at providing continuous flow of goods and services for the benefit of people. This definition implies that the production of forest goods for the needs of the local people is Social forestry. Thus, social forestry aims at growing forests of the choice of the local population. Conceptually Social forestry deals with poor people to produce goods such as fuel, fodder etc. to meet the needs of the local community particularly under privileged section. Difference between Social forestry and Agroforestry Agroforestry combines : 1) Production of multiple outputs with protection of the resource base; 2) Places emphasis on the use of multiple indigenous trees and shrubs; 3) Particularly suitable for low-input conditions and fragile environments; 4) It involves the interplay of socio-cultural values more than in most other land-use systems; and 5) It is structurally and functionally more complex than monoculture.
- 4. RESTRICTED DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGIES FOR DESCRIBING TREE CULTIVATION IN NON-FOREST AREAS 1) Farm Forestry: Farm forestry is the name given to programs which promote commercial tree growing by farmers on their own land. Farm forestry was defined by NCA (1976) as the practice of forestry in all its aspects in and the around the farms or village lands integrated with other farm operations. 2) Extension Forestry: It is the practice of forestry in areas devoid of tree growth and other vegetation situated in places away from the conventional forest areas with the object of increasing the area under tree growth. It includes the following. a) Mixed forestry It is the practice of forestry for raising fodder grass with scattered fodder trees, fruit trees and fuel wood trees on suitable wastelands, panchayat lands and village commons b) Shelterbelts Shelterbelt is defined as a belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow drift, etc. c) Linear Strip plantations These are the plantations of fast growing species on linear strips of land. * NCA – National Commission on Agriculture
- 5. RESTRICTED 3) Rehabilitation of Degraded forests: The degraded area under forests needs immediate attention for ecological restoration and for meeting the socio economic needs of the communities living in and around such areas. 4) Recreation Forestry: It is the practice of forestry with the object of raising flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the urban and rural population. This type of forestry is also known as Aesthetic forestry which is defined as the practice of forestry with the object of developing or maintaining a forest of high scenic value. Agroforestry have two main objectives: 1 ) to increase the efficiency of the use of rural resources by reducing or eliminating ecologically destructive land-use practices and by introducing new or improved agroforestry enterprises in order to produce sustainable increases in incomes and living standards, and 2) to provide for social equity
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- 7. RESTRICTED Applications / Components of Agroforestry : - Alley cropping - Strip cropping - Hedges - Wind break / Shelter belts - Trees and woodland round riparian zones - Grazed woodland - Trees in pasture - Pollards - Shade system - Agroforests - Taungya - Physical support systems - Crop over tree systems - Parklands - Fauna based systems - Boundry systems
- 8. RESTRICTED Biodiversity Conservation Carbon sink Microclimate Resource use efficiency Climate change mitigation • Min. Bacterial concentration *SOil Organic Carbon
- 9. RESTRICTED BENEFITS OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM A) Environmental benefits i) Reduction of pressure on natural forests / natural fencing ii More efficient recycling of nutrients / Regulation of soil, water and air quality iii) Better protection of ecological systems / Climate change mitigation and adaptation iv) Enhancement of biodiversity v) Reduction of surface run-off, nutrient leaching and soil erosion through impeding effect of tree roots vi) Improvement of microclimate, such as lowering of soil surface temperature and reduction of evaporation of soil moisture through a combination of mulching and shading vii) Increment in soil nutrients through addition and decomposition of litter fall. viii) Improvement of soil structure through the constant addition of organic matter from decomposed litter. B) Economic benefits i) Increment in an outputs of food, fuel wood , fodder, fertilizer and timber; ii) Reduction in incidence of total crop failure, which is common to single cropping or monoculture systems iii) Increase in levels of farm income due to improved and sustained productivity C) Social benefits i) Improvement in rural living standards from sustained employment and higher income ii) Improvement in nutrition and health due to increased quality and diversity of food outputs iii)Stabilization / improvement of communities through elimination of the need to shift sites of farm activities
- 10. RESTRICTED Agroforestry systems support the production of a wide range of products including: Food / fibre / fuel Timber Fodder and forage Gums and resins Thatching and hedging materials Gardening materials Medicinal products Craft products Recreation Ecological services These products can impact the local economy through increasing; Economic stability Diversification of local products and economies Diversification of rural skills Improved food and fuel security Improvements to the cultural and natural environment Landscape diversification
- 11. RESTRICTED Unfamiliarity with technologies Lack of awareness / Lack of training or expertise about successful agroforestry Lack of financial assistance / Lack of apparent profit potential Expense of additional management Lack of knowledge about where to market products Lack of technical assistance Adoption/start up costs, including costs of time Unfamiliarity with alternative marketing approaches Unavailability of information about agroforestry Apparent inconvenience Lack of infrastructure / Lack of equipment Insufficient land Lack of seed/seedling sources Lack of scientific research Challenges / Obstacles to Agroforestry adoption
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- 14. RESTRICTED Youtube Channel Name: “JOURNEY WITH VIJAYKUMAR SHRIVASTAV” 1. Seed Science and Technology – Basics Link : https://youtu.be/JxCJnmq3o8s 2. Seed Development Programs & Seed and Agricultural Organizations Link : https://youtu.be/kWBc2Eobdxc 3. Principles of Hybrid seed Production Link : https://youtu.be/6TvYhv4XG8c 4. An Introduction to Agriculture and Agronomy Link : https://youtu.be/HM0WMe5X228 5. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress (Hindi) Link : https://youtu.be/sGG7AT6-EoY 6. Agro-climatic zones of Jharkhand, Rainfall pattern and Abiotic stress Link : https://youtu.be/00rL1Pj5Kkk 7. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming Link : https://youtu.be/8UGR1RTJeVQ 8. Rainfed Agriculture of Jharkhand ,Major Crops, Rain Water Harvesting and Fish Farming (Hindi) Link : https://youtu.be/mi4AwBvkAeg 9. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming Link : https://youtu.be/1gxu6hmZ0us 10. Soil fertility status of Jharkhand, improving soil health and concept of Organic farming (Hindi) Link : https://youtu.be/9-R5c7_HDN8 11. Classification of crops Link : https://youtu.be/VHC8izeI4cA 12. Seeds and sowing Link : https://youtu.be/9DsWBOyBO0Q 13. Classification of crops (Hindi ) Link : https://youtu.be/ySDb-Qs-rz8