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cone of experiences

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The document discusses Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience and its implications for teaching. It begins by explaining the Cone of Experience model which arranges different types of sensory experiences from most concrete like direct experiences to most abstract like symbols. It notes the different sensory aids in the Cone and that experiences can overlap. The implications are that it provides a useful way to think about instructional materials and their application in the classroom. The document then discusses Jerome Bruner's three-fold analysis of experience and matches the levels to learning aids in Dale's Cone. It provides definitions and benefits of instructional media and its role in teaching. Principles and factors for selecting media are outlined. Finally, the ASSURE model of instructional design

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Submitted by: Joerigene Odette C. Neri EdTech 1 Submitted to: Ms. Mercylene M. Briones EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY MIDTERM
1. What is the cone of experience of Edgar Dale? 2. What are the sensory aids in the Cone of Experience? 3. What are its implications to teaching? 4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? 5. Which learning aids in Dale’s Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruner’s model? Illustrate using a diagram. 6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? 10. How this model helps in attaining the College vision-mission?
The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not a degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the
of Experience? The different kinds of sensory aid often overlap and sometimes blend into one another. Motion pictures can be silent or they can combine sight and sound. Students may merely view a demonstration or they may view it then participate in it. One kind of sensory experience is not necessarily more educationally useful than another. Sensory
3. WHAT ARE ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING?  Dale (1969) wrote that  May lead to a more useful way of thinking about audio visual materials and their application in the classroom  The levels of the Cone are interactive  As one moves up the Cone there is not necessarily an increase in difficulty but rather an increase in abstract thought
4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? Symbolic Iconic Enactive Increasing ABSTRACTION
5. Which learning aids in Dale’s Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruner’s model? Illustrate using a diagram. ENACTIVE: Refers to the direct or actual experiences or encounter with what is. This is life on the raw, rich, and unedited. They form the bases for all other learning experiences.
Mis-Conceptions of the Cone  All teaching/learning must move from the bottom to the top of the Cone.  One kind of experience on the Cone is more useful than another  More emphasis should be put on the bottom levels of the Cone  The upper level of the Cone is for older students while the lower levels are for younger students  It overemphasizes the use of instructional media
Misrepresentations of the Cone www.biij.org/2008/1/e16/fig4.gif www.compstrategies.com/.../img002.gif www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/sae/ppt1/img012.GIF web20guru.wikispaces.com/file/view/dalescone.gif
 Enactive – direct experiences  Direct, Purposeful  Contrived  Dramatized  Iconic – pictorial experiences  Demonstrations  Study trips  Exhibits  Educational television  Motion pictures  Recordings, radio, still pictures  Symbolic – highly abstract experiences  Visual symbols  Verbal symbols
What does the Cone mean for instruction?  Dale (1938) taught teachers that they should help their students learn how the media effects us, and to critically evaluate it.  Teachers must evaluate the benefit of the learning vs. the amount of time required in the lesson  How to effectively use instructional media to helping students move from concrete to abstract thought http://elzeeyed.com/ydome/wpcontent/uploads/2007/08/teacher_cartoon.gif
Conclusion: •The Cone of Experience is a visual device to aid teachers in the selection of instructional media •The Cone is based on the movement from concrete experiences to abstract experiences •The literal interpretation of the Cone has resulted in misconceptions of its use •The Cone has practical applications in classroom instruction
6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA: encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use.  to implement instruction and facilitate students’ achievement of instructional objectives.  this may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts and slides.
What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 1. Standardization of the delivery of instruction. 2. More attention-grabbing instruction. 3. More retention in learning. 4. More interactive learning. 5. Reduced length of time required for instruction. 6. Provision for instruction whenever and wherever necessary. 7.Enhancement of positive attitudes of students to learning. 8. Shift of role of teachers from instructors to facilitators. 9. Individualization of learning. 10.More multi-sensory learning.
What are its role in the teaching-learning process? • Heinich , et al. 91996) identified the following roles of instructional media in the teaching-learning process: • 1. properly designed instructional media can enhance and promote learning and support teacher-based instruction. • 2. media can be used effectively in formal education situations where a teacher is not available or is working with other students. • 3. media can play important role in the education of students with exceptionalities and disabilities.
7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 1. According to sense modality. 2. According to projection. 3. According to literacy requirement. 4. According to dimensions. 5. According to pacing of media content. 6. According to accessibility. 7. According to cost. 8. According to electronic requirement.
8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Teachers could be guided by the following principles in selecting instructional media. 1.Principle of Appropriateness  instructional materials must promote the general and specific goals of the class instructional materials must be appropriate to the level intended in terms of vocabulary level, difficulty of concepts, methods of development, and interest appeal. Instructional must be either basic or supplementary to the curriculum. 2. Principle of Authenticity Instructional materials must present accurate, up-to-date, dependable information.
3. Principle of Interest Instructional materials must catch the interest of the learners. It must stimulate curiosity or satisfy the learner’s need to know. It must have the power to motivate, encourage creativity, and imaginative response among users. 4. Principle of organization and Balance Instructional material must be well organized and well balanced in content. Purpose of the material must clearly stated or perceived. There should be logical organization, clarity, and accordance with principles of learning such as reinforcement, transfer, and application in the materials. 5. Principle of Cost If there are available substitutes for costly materials, these substitutes maybe considered first.
What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Considering the principles mentioned, the following factors are to be considered in selecting instructional media: 1. Relevance of the media to the lesson objectives. 2. suitability to students’ age, learning abilities and styles, and reading level. 3. Accuracy and novelty of media 4. Provision of learner participation. 5. Provision feedback
What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 6. Appeal 7. Availability 8. Adaptability 9. Ease in the use or Operation of the media 10. Learning environment 11. Cost 12. Objectivity 13. Maintenance 14. Technical quality
9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? Assure model is a procedural guide for planning and delivering instruction that incorporates media, assumes that training or instruction really is required. ASSURE stands for: ANALYZE LEARNERS STATE OBJECTIVES SELECT MEDIA AND MATERIALS UTILIZE MATERIALS REQUIRE LEARNER PERFORMANCE EVALUATE/REVISE
10.How this model helps in attaining the college vision-mission? stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each necessary for the successful implementation of the instruction, including: 1) Analyze learners, 2) State Objectives, 3) Select Methods, Media, and Materials, 4) Utilize Media and Materials, 5) Require learner Participation, and 6) Evaluate and Revisenecessary
 Ballado, Ronato. S. (2012). Basic Concepts in Educational Technology I  Dooley, K. (2005). Advanced methods in distance education: Applications and practices for educators, administrators and learners. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.  Molenda, M. (2003). Cone of Experience. In Kovalchick, A., & Dawson, K. (Eds.). Education and technology: An encyclopedia (p. 161-164). Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.  http://www.learning-theories.com/elaboration-theory-reigeluth.html  http://www.slideshare.net/sjaser/teaching-and-learning-process?qid=9262db31- c881-49e8-9dc4-e1c5f78065fa&v=default&b=&from_search=13  https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=4rXAVZKHAYzHoATI0qn4Bg&gws_rd =ssl#q=factors+to+consider+in+selecting+and+using+instructional+media  https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=learning+aids+of+edgar+dales+cone+of+exp eriences&rlz=1C2PRFE_enPH650PH650&biw=1034&bih=639&tbm=isch&tbo=u&s ource=univ&sa=X&ved=0CEIQsARqFQoTCPba5q2hkccCFdcFjgod5S8GYA#imgrc= 4x0M4oEK4naNgM%3A  http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=role+of+instru ctional+media+in+teaching+-learning+process  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology#Media 

More Related Content

cone of experiences

  • 1. Submitted by: Joerigene Odette C. Neri EdTech 1 Submitted to: Ms. Mercylene M. Briones EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY MIDTERM
  • 2. 1. What is the cone of experience of Edgar Dale? 2. What are the sensory aids in the Cone of Experience? 3. What are its implications to teaching? 4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? 5. Which learning aids in Dale’s Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruner’s model? Illustrate using a diagram. 6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? 10. How this model helps in attaining the College vision-mission?
  • 3. The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not a degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the
  • 4. of Experience? The different kinds of sensory aid often overlap and sometimes blend into one another. Motion pictures can be silent or they can combine sight and sound. Students may merely view a demonstration or they may view it then participate in it. One kind of sensory experience is not necessarily more educationally useful than another. Sensory
  • 5. 3. WHAT ARE ITS IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING?  Dale (1969) wrote that  May lead to a more useful way of thinking about audio visual materials and their application in the classroom  The levels of the Cone are interactive  As one moves up the Cone there is not necessarily an increase in difficulty but rather an increase in abstract thought
  • 6. 4. What is the three-fold analysis of experience of Jerome Bruner? Symbolic Iconic Enactive Increasing ABSTRACTION
  • 7. 5. Which learning aids in Dale’s Cone of Experience correspond/s to each level in Bruner’s model? Illustrate using a diagram. ENACTIVE: Refers to the direct or actual experiences or encounter with what is. This is life on the raw, rich, and unedited. They form the bases for all other learning experiences.
  • 8. Mis-Conceptions of the Cone  All teaching/learning must move from the bottom to the top of the Cone.  One kind of experience on the Cone is more useful than another  More emphasis should be put on the bottom levels of the Cone  The upper level of the Cone is for older students while the lower levels are for younger students  It overemphasizes the use of instructional media
  • 9. Misrepresentations of the Cone www.biij.org/2008/1/e16/fig4.gif www.compstrategies.com/.../img002.gif www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/sae/ppt1/img012.GIF web20guru.wikispaces.com/file/view/dalescone.gif
  • 10.  Enactive – direct experiences  Direct, Purposeful  Contrived  Dramatized  Iconic – pictorial experiences  Demonstrations  Study trips  Exhibits  Educational television  Motion pictures  Recordings, radio, still pictures  Symbolic – highly abstract experiences  Visual symbols  Verbal symbols
  • 11. What does the Cone mean for instruction?  Dale (1938) taught teachers that they should help their students learn how the media effects us, and to critically evaluate it.  Teachers must evaluate the benefit of the learning vs. the amount of time required in the lesson  How to effectively use instructional media to helping students move from concrete to abstract thought http://elzeeyed.com/ydome/wpcontent/uploads/2007/08/teacher_cartoon.gif
  • 12. Conclusion: •The Cone of Experience is a visual device to aid teachers in the selection of instructional media •The Cone is based on the movement from concrete experiences to abstract experiences •The literal interpretation of the Cone has resulted in misconceptions of its use •The Cone has practical applications in classroom instruction
  • 13. 6. Define Instructional Media. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA: encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use.  to implement instruction and facilitate students’ achievement of instructional objectives.  this may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts and slides.
  • 14. What are the benefits we can get out of it? What are its role in the teaching-learning process? 1. Standardization of the delivery of instruction. 2. More attention-grabbing instruction. 3. More retention in learning. 4. More interactive learning. 5. Reduced length of time required for instruction. 6. Provision for instruction whenever and wherever necessary. 7.Enhancement of positive attitudes of students to learning. 8. Shift of role of teachers from instructors to facilitators. 9. Individualization of learning. 10.More multi-sensory learning.
  • 15. What are its role in the teaching-learning process? • Heinich , et al. 91996) identified the following roles of instructional media in the teaching-learning process: • 1. properly designed instructional media can enhance and promote learning and support teacher-based instruction. • 2. media can be used effectively in formal education situations where a teacher is not available or is working with other students. • 3. media can play important role in the education of students with exceptionalities and disabilities.
  • 16. 7. What are the properties and other classifications of instructional media? 1. According to sense modality. 2. According to projection. 3. According to literacy requirement. 4. According to dimensions. 5. According to pacing of media content. 6. According to accessibility. 7. According to cost. 8. According to electronic requirement.
  • 17. 8. What are the principles and factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Teachers could be guided by the following principles in selecting instructional media. 1.Principle of Appropriateness  instructional materials must promote the general and specific goals of the class instructional materials must be appropriate to the level intended in terms of vocabulary level, difficulty of concepts, methods of development, and interest appeal. Instructional must be either basic or supplementary to the curriculum. 2. Principle of Authenticity Instructional materials must present accurate, up-to-date, dependable information.
  • 18. 3. Principle of Interest Instructional materials must catch the interest of the learners. It must stimulate curiosity or satisfy the learner’s need to know. It must have the power to motivate, encourage creativity, and imaginative response among users. 4. Principle of organization and Balance Instructional material must be well organized and well balanced in content. Purpose of the material must clearly stated or perceived. There should be logical organization, clarity, and accordance with principles of learning such as reinforcement, transfer, and application in the materials. 5. Principle of Cost If there are available substitutes for costly materials, these substitutes maybe considered first.
  • 19. What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? Considering the principles mentioned, the following factors are to be considered in selecting instructional media: 1. Relevance of the media to the lesson objectives. 2. suitability to students’ age, learning abilities and styles, and reading level. 3. Accuracy and novelty of media 4. Provision of learner participation. 5. Provision feedback
  • 20. What are the factors to consider in selecting and using instructional media? 6. Appeal 7. Availability 8. Adaptability 9. Ease in the use or Operation of the media 10. Learning environment 11. Cost 12. Objectivity 13. Maintenance 14. Technical quality
  • 21. 9. What is ASSURE Model of Media Planning? Assure model is a procedural guide for planning and delivering instruction that incorporates media, assumes that training or instruction really is required. ASSURE stands for: ANALYZE LEARNERS STATE OBJECTIVES SELECT MEDIA AND MATERIALS UTILIZE MATERIALS REQUIRE LEARNER PERFORMANCE EVALUATE/REVISE
  • 22. 10.How this model helps in attaining the college vision-mission? stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each stated philosophy of most schools and colleges is to help students fulfill their full potential, not to produce clone-like replications of a standard mold. The ASSURE model supports the field of educational technology. It is based on the principal that no one student acquires information in the same way. While the ASSURE model is used to systematically design instruction, it steps away from the traditional means of instruction, (textbooks, lectures, etc) to the use of technology to deliver the instruction. (Academy of Teaching Excellence,2002). In conclusion, the ASSURE model has six components each necessary for the successful implementation of the instruction, including: 1) Analyze learners, 2) State Objectives, 3) Select Methods, Media, and Materials, 4) Utilize Media and Materials, 5) Require learner Participation, and 6) Evaluate and Revisenecessary
  • 23.  Ballado, Ronato. S. (2012). Basic Concepts in Educational Technology I  Dooley, K. (2005). Advanced methods in distance education: Applications and practices for educators, administrators and learners. Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.  Molenda, M. (2003). Cone of Experience. In Kovalchick, A., & Dawson, K. (Eds.). Education and technology: An encyclopedia (p. 161-164). Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.  http://www.learning-theories.com/elaboration-theory-reigeluth.html  http://www.slideshare.net/sjaser/teaching-and-learning-process?qid=9262db31- c881-49e8-9dc4-e1c5f78065fa&v=default&b=&from_search=13  https://www.google.com.ph/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=4rXAVZKHAYzHoATI0qn4Bg&gws_rd =ssl#q=factors+to+consider+in+selecting+and+using+instructional+media  https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=learning+aids+of+edgar+dales+cone+of+exp eriences&rlz=1C2PRFE_enPH650PH650&biw=1034&bih=639&tbm=isch&tbo=u&s ource=univ&sa=X&ved=0CEIQsARqFQoTCPba5q2hkccCFdcFjgod5S8GYA#imgrc= 4x0M4oEK4naNgM%3A  http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=role+of+instru ctional+media+in+teaching+-learning+process  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology#Media 

Editor's Notes

  1. As the use of technology becomes more important in our daily lives, it has also become important as a classroom learning tool. It can be used to enhance learning experiences or even create new experiences. Think back to an academic learning experience you had in school. If technology was involved, how did it influence your experience? If it wasn’t involved, how could technology be applied today to enrich that experience for your students?
  2. Dale’s Cone first appeared in his 1946 textbook titled “ Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching. This text is the grail for any educator wanting to successfully integrate AV materials into instruction. Dale intentions were not for the Cone to represent all ways of learning but instead to create a visual with which to categorize the progression of AV material usage, from the concrete to abstract experience.
  3. Dale outlined his intentions for the use of the Cone of Experience in the 1969 version of his Audio Visual Textbook.
  4. Dale’s Cone of Experience is often mis-interpreted and more recently mis-represented. In Dale’s 1969 version of his Audio Visual text, he dedicates an entire section to refuting these mis-conceptions.
  5. Probably the most widely accepted, yet totally incorrect representation of Dale’s Cone are the examples you see here. Dale’s original Cone does not include the retention percentages nor had Dale ever mentioned them in his writings. These percentages have been attributed to a government report in the 1950’s and has since been refuted. There is no evidence as to who first attached these percentages to Dale’s Cone, but they have unfortunately stuck.
  6. Now lets look at the real Cone and its contributions to education. Using Bruner’s three learning process levels, Dale grouped the Cone’s categories into Enactive, Iconic, and Symbolic experiences. Let’s start with the bottom of the Cone and explore the categories Dale considered the most concrete or enactive.
  7. (Read the slide aloud)