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Courtyards Planning in Indian Context

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Mayur Waghulde
Mayur Waghulde

This document discusses courtyards in Indian context. It defines courtyards and their roles in buildings. It describes different types of traditional courtyards found in India and their functions. It discusses the importance of courtyards in ancient Indian texts like Vastushastra. It then outlines the history of courtyards dating back to 6500 BC and their use as focal points in early settlements. It also discusses the religious, climatic, social and cultural implications of courtyards. It notes the influence of British architecture and reasons for disappearance of courtyards in modern times. Finally, it concludes that while some new designs attempt to recreate courtyard principles, they often lack the characteristics of traditional courtyards.

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Courtyard Planning in Indian Context Presented by : - Piyusha Deshpande - Siddhi Pande Guided by: Ar. J. Deshmukh Ar. D. Dabre
What is courtyard and it’s role in building ?
Courtyards in India and their functions Nattukottai, South India Haveli, Rajasthan Vada, Maharashtra
Importance in Vastushastra • Sri Chakra is the Yantra of the Cosmos. • Courtyard represents the four corners of the Universe. • Brahmasthan is the main centre of any plot. •Plot should be fixed for open space. •Construction in the centre of plot means blocking the main energy.
History of courtyard • Before courtyards, open fires were kept burning in a central place within a home, with only a small hole in the ceiling above to allow smoke to escape. Over time, these small openings were enlarged. • Traced back to 6500-6000 BC. incorporating from Mehergarh (Kacchi Plain of Present Pakistan). • Acting as the focal point of the settlement. • The settlement consisted of an irregular scatter of mud brick houses arranged around a central open to sky space.
Religious Implications Hindu Religion Islamic Religion
Climatic Implications Phase:1 Phase:2 Phase:3
Social and Cultural Implications • Heart of the house, where different activities could take place during different parts of the day. • Used as an extension of the kitchen and dining area during mornings, an extension of the living room during evenings to entertain guests and as a sleeping area for the nights. • More than one courtyard can be observed. • To separate the public and private spaces within the house. • The public sphere is mainly for the guests and is largely used by the male members of the family • the inner court is more constrained to the family and is usually an outdoor space enjoyed by the female members of the house.
British Influence British Bungalow
Reasons for disappearance of courtyard • People prefer their house to express their status and, as a medium of relation with others. • the individualization of rooms . • Construction has moved from horizontal development (plotted neighbourhoods) to vertical development (high rise apartments) houses. • New ways of construction and technology ensure safety • The need for privacy for women and children. • Climate was moderate and adjustable • Joint families: Need for a large common space for interaction and family activities • Nuclear families: Living room/Bedroom become the new space for family interaction • Less inclination on religious activities • Abundant number of parks and play grounds for children in high rises and neighbourhood homes.
Open spaces instead of courtyards
Case Study-1 Plan Section
Case Study-2 Plan
Conclusion • Some designs attempt to re-interpret the courtyard principle in housing using backyards and gardens. • The exterior space created is pushed to either the corner or rear of the house plot. • Moreover, its poor spatial quality and inefficient relationship to other spaces makes it a deserted and a useless space for the inhabitants. Hence, it lacks the courtyard characteristics of the traditional house and is neither a functional nor a symbolic space. • Certain contemporary houses offer an extension to the living or bedroom which is semi covered and landscaped with trees and water bodies. Here, this space does not have genuine courtyard characteristics because there is no sense of enclosure. Its character is that of a modern garden rather than that of a traditional courtyard.
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Courtyards Planning in Indian Context

  • 1. Courtyard Planning in Indian Context Presented by : - Piyusha Deshpande - Siddhi Pande Guided by: Ar. J. Deshmukh Ar. D. Dabre
  • 2. What is courtyard and it’s role in building ?
  • 3. Courtyards in India and their functions Nattukottai, South India Haveli, Rajasthan Vada, Maharashtra
  • 4. Importance in Vastushastra • Sri Chakra is the Yantra of the Cosmos. • Courtyard represents the four corners of the Universe. • Brahmasthan is the main centre of any plot. •Plot should be fixed for open space. •Construction in the centre of plot means blocking the main energy.
  • 5. History of courtyard • Before courtyards, open fires were kept burning in a central place within a home, with only a small hole in the ceiling above to allow smoke to escape. Over time, these small openings were enlarged. • Traced back to 6500-6000 BC. incorporating from Mehergarh (Kacchi Plain of Present Pakistan). • Acting as the focal point of the settlement. • The settlement consisted of an irregular scatter of mud brick houses arranged around a central open to sky space.
  • 8. Social and Cultural Implications • Heart of the house, where different activities could take place during different parts of the day. • Used as an extension of the kitchen and dining area during mornings, an extension of the living room during evenings to entertain guests and as a sleeping area for the nights. • More than one courtyard can be observed. • To separate the public and private spaces within the house. • The public sphere is mainly for the guests and is largely used by the male members of the family • the inner court is more constrained to the family and is usually an outdoor space enjoyed by the female members of the house.
  • 10. Reasons for disappearance of courtyard • People prefer their house to express their status and, as a medium of relation with others. • the individualization of rooms . • Construction has moved from horizontal development (plotted neighbourhoods) to vertical development (high rise apartments) houses. • New ways of construction and technology ensure safety • The need for privacy for women and children. • Climate was moderate and adjustable • Joint families: Need for a large common space for interaction and family activities • Nuclear families: Living room/Bedroom become the new space for family interaction • Less inclination on religious activities • Abundant number of parks and play grounds for children in high rises and neighbourhood homes.
  • 11. Open spaces instead of courtyards
  • 14. Conclusion • Some designs attempt to re-interpret the courtyard principle in housing using backyards and gardens. • The exterior space created is pushed to either the corner or rear of the house plot. • Moreover, its poor spatial quality and inefficient relationship to other spaces makes it a deserted and a useless space for the inhabitants. Hence, it lacks the courtyard characteristics of the traditional house and is neither a functional nor a symbolic space. • Certain contemporary houses offer an extension to the living or bedroom which is semi covered and landscaped with trees and water bodies. Here, this space does not have genuine courtyard characteristics because there is no sense of enclosure. Its character is that of a modern garden rather than that of a traditional courtyard.