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Crude Drug

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B
Bindu Kundu

Crude drugs are naturally occurring substances derived from plants, animals, bacteria or fungi that are used for medicinal purposes. They include whole or cut plants, plant or animal parts, juices, glands, dried plant secretions and animal extracts. Crude drugs can be classified in several ways including by their source (plants, animals, minerals), plant organ (roots, leaves, fruits), pharmacological effects, chemical constituents or taxonomic classification. The most common sources are higher plants, microbes, animals and marine organisms. Crude drugs are either organized tissues like herbs, fruits, barks or unorganized substances like juices, oils, gums or resins.

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CRUDE DRUG
DEFINITION :- A Crud Drug is defined as a drug which is naturally occurring , unrefined substances, derived from organic source as plant , animal , bacteria organs or whole organisms intended for use in the diagnosis , cure , mitigation , treatment or prevention of disease in human or other animals .
Source of Crude Drug Crude Drug = Raw Drug . They may be obtained from ; 1) Vegetative , 2) Animal , 3) Mineral . The most important natural source of drugs are ; a) Higher Plants , b) Microbes , c) Animals , d) Marine Organisms .
Types of Crude Drug Crude Drug Organised Drug Overground organs a) Herbs b) Fruits c) Barks etc. Underground organs a) Roots b) Rhizomes c) Bulbs etc. Unorganised Drug a) Juices b) Glycosides c) Volatile oil d) Fixed oil etc.
Classification of Crude Drug 1) Alphabetical Classification , 2) Morphological Classification , 3) Pharmacological Classification , 4) Chemical Classification , 5) Taxonomical Classification , 6) Chemotaxonomical Classification .
Alphabetical Classification :- • It is the simplest way of classification . • Crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical order of their ; Botanical names .  Common names .  Local names . e.g.: Acacia , cinchona , ergot .
Morphological Classification :- • In this system , the drug are arranged according to the morphological externed characters of the plants and animal parts . e.g.: leaves , roots , stem .
Pharmacological Classification :- • This is also reffered to as therapeutic classification of drug . • this involves grouping of drug according to their pharmacological action . Pharmaceutical Action Drug Anticancer Vinca Cardiotonic Digitalis Pergatives Senna
Chemical Classification :- • The crude drugs are devided into different groups according to their chemical nature of their relevant & their identical constituent . 1. Carbohydrate : Gum , Mucilage . 2. Glycosides : Saponins Glycoside . 3. Tannins : Guava , Tea . 4. Volatile Oil : Fennel , Orange Peel . 5. Alkaloids : Pyridine , Tropane .
Taxonomical Classification :-  It is based on an accepted system of botanical classification . Grouped into ;  Kingdom  Phylum  Order  Family  Genus  Species
Chemotaxonomical Classification :- • Secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical significance such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, etc. DNA hybridization, amino acid sequencing in proteins are gaining significance in this method of classification.
References :- The informations are collected from; the book “Trease & Evans PHARMACOGNOSY” .

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Crude Drug

  • 2. DEFINITION :- A Crud Drug is defined as a drug which is naturally occurring , unrefined substances, derived from organic source as plant , animal , bacteria organs or whole organisms intended for use in the diagnosis , cure , mitigation , treatment or prevention of disease in human or other animals .
  • 3. Source of Crude Drug Crude Drug = Raw Drug . They may be obtained from ; 1) Vegetative , 2) Animal , 3) Mineral . The most important natural source of drugs are ; a) Higher Plants , b) Microbes , c) Animals , d) Marine Organisms .
  • 4. Types of Crude Drug Crude Drug Organised Drug Overground organs a) Herbs b) Fruits c) Barks etc. Underground organs a) Roots b) Rhizomes c) Bulbs etc. Unorganised Drug a) Juices b) Glycosides c) Volatile oil d) Fixed oil etc.
  • 5. Classification of Crude Drug 1) Alphabetical Classification , 2) Morphological Classification , 3) Pharmacological Classification , 4) Chemical Classification , 5) Taxonomical Classification , 6) Chemotaxonomical Classification .
  • 6. Alphabetical Classification :- • It is the simplest way of classification . • Crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical order of their ; Botanical names .  Common names .  Local names . e.g.: Acacia , cinchona , ergot .
  • 7. Morphological Classification :- • In this system , the drug are arranged according to the morphological externed characters of the plants and animal parts . e.g.: leaves , roots , stem .
  • 8. Pharmacological Classification :- • This is also reffered to as therapeutic classification of drug . • this involves grouping of drug according to their pharmacological action . Pharmaceutical Action Drug Anticancer Vinca Cardiotonic Digitalis Pergatives Senna
  • 9. Chemical Classification :- • The crude drugs are devided into different groups according to their chemical nature of their relevant & their identical constituent . 1. Carbohydrate : Gum , Mucilage . 2. Glycosides : Saponins Glycoside . 3. Tannins : Guava , Tea . 4. Volatile Oil : Fennel , Orange Peel . 5. Alkaloids : Pyridine , Tropane .
  • 10. Taxonomical Classification :-  It is based on an accepted system of botanical classification . Grouped into ;  Kingdom  Phylum  Order  Family  Genus  Species
  • 11. Chemotaxonomical Classification :- • Secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical significance such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, etc. DNA hybridization, amino acid sequencing in proteins are gaining significance in this method of classification.
  • 12. References :- The informations are collected from; the book “Trease & Evans PHARMACOGNOSY” .