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Culture2

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anthropologyinkemerburgaz

This document discusses key concepts in anthropological understanding of culture. It introduces practice theory, which recognizes that cultures shape individuals but individuals also influence cultural change. Culture exists at multiple levels, from national to subcultural. Ethnocentrism judges other cultures, while cultural relativism evaluates behaviors in their own cultural contexts. Mechanisms of cultural change include diffusion, acculturation, and independent invention. Globalization increasingly interlinks societies through economic, political, and communication forces.

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SOC111 Introduction to Anthropology CULTURE
CULTURE & THE INDIVIDUAL . : what people say they should do and what they say they do : their actual behavior as observed by anthropologists.
CULTURE- Practice Theory • Approach formed by Sherry Ortner • Individuals within a society or culture have diverse motives and intentions and different degrees of power and influence. • The system shapes the way individuals experience and respond to external events, but individuals also play an active role in the way society functions and changes.
CULTURE- Practice Theory • Practice theory recognizes both constraints on individuals and the flexibility and changeability of cultures and social systems.
LEVELS OF CULTURE • National culture: cultural features shared by citizens of the same nation • International culture: cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries • Borrowing, diffusion, migration, colonialism, multinational organizations, communication technology, media… • Religions, the World Cup, Olympics • Subcultures: identifiable cultural patterns existing within a larger culture
CULTURE • Ethnocentrism: a tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to use one’s own standards and values in judging outsiders Ex: Nazi groups • Cultural relativism: inappropriate to use outside standards to judge behavior in a given society; such behavior should be evaluated in the context of the culture in which it occurs
CULTURE • Human rights: rights based on justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions • Cultural rights: rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL CHANGE • Diffusion: borrowing of traits between cultures – Direct – Indirect – Forced
MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL CHANGE • Acculturation: an exchange of features that results when groups come into consistent firsthand contact • Independent invention: the process by which humans innovate, creatively finding solutions to problems
Globalization • Globalization: a series of processes that work to make modern nations and people increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent – Economic and political forces – Long-distance communication – Local people must increasingly cope with forces generated by progressively larger systems

More Related Content

Culture2

  • 1. SOC111 Introduction to Anthropology CULTURE
  • 2. CULTURE & THE INDIVIDUAL . : what people say they should do and what they say they do : their actual behavior as observed by anthropologists.
  • 3. CULTURE- Practice Theory • Approach formed by Sherry Ortner • Individuals within a society or culture have diverse motives and intentions and different degrees of power and influence. • The system shapes the way individuals experience and respond to external events, but individuals also play an active role in the way society functions and changes.
  • 4. CULTURE- Practice Theory • Practice theory recognizes both constraints on individuals and the flexibility and changeability of cultures and social systems.
  • 5. LEVELS OF CULTURE • National culture: cultural features shared by citizens of the same nation • International culture: cultural traditions that extend beyond national boundaries • Borrowing, diffusion, migration, colonialism, multinational organizations, communication technology, media… • Religions, the World Cup, Olympics • Subcultures: identifiable cultural patterns existing within a larger culture
  • 6. CULTURE • Ethnocentrism: a tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to use one’s own standards and values in judging outsiders Ex: Nazi groups • Cultural relativism: inappropriate to use outside standards to judge behavior in a given society; such behavior should be evaluated in the context of the culture in which it occurs
  • 7. CULTURE • Human rights: rights based on justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions • Cultural rights: rights vested in religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies
  • 8. MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL CHANGE • Diffusion: borrowing of traits between cultures – Direct – Indirect – Forced
  • 9. MECHANISMS OF CULTURAL CHANGE • Acculturation: an exchange of features that results when groups come into consistent firsthand contact • Independent invention: the process by which humans innovate, creatively finding solutions to problems
  • 10. Globalization • Globalization: a series of processes that work to make modern nations and people increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent – Economic and political forces – Long-distance communication – Local people must increasingly cope with forces generated by progressively larger systems