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Desktop and multiprocessor systems

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This document discusses desktop systems and multiprocessor systems. For desktop systems, it describes them as personal computers dedicated to single users, with keyboards, mice, displays and small printers. It notes they run operating systems like Windows, MacOS, UNIX and Linux. For multiprocessor systems, it defines them as having multiple processors that share clocks, memory and buses. Symmetric multiprocessors have similar operating systems on each processor, while asymmetric ones have predefined master-slave roles. Multiprocessor systems provide advantages like reliability, throughput and cost-effectiveness, but require more memory, expense and complex operating systems.

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DESKTOP AND MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS Mrs.G.Chandraprabha,M.Sc.,M.Phil., Assistant Professor Department of Information Technology V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women Virudhunagar

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Desktop Systems Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a single user appeared in the 1970’s. I/O devices – keyboards, mice, display screens, small printers. User convenience and responsiveness. Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system’ often individuals have sole use of computer and do not need advanced CPU utilization of protection features. May run several different types of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, UNIX, Linux)

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Desktop Systems • The control program that operates in a user’s machine is termed as the desktop system. Such a system is also referred as a client operating system. • The client can be said as a computer in a network where the user performs some task or activity over the network. • Such computer operating systems do not have complete control over the resources but use the network to access them. • Also, these operating system only use the network to carry out tasks such as downloading a file from the network or browsing the internet.

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Desktop Systems • Desktop operating systems usually operate with a server computer which has the complete control over the resources. • Also, the processing power remains completely in the hand of the server operating system. • The server operating system is developed in such a way that it can fulfill all the requirements and requests of the client or the desktop operating system. • Desktop or the client operating system is completely dependent on the server operating systems and are ineffective in the absence of a server.

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Desktop Systems Features : • Basic operating features such as data sharing, internet browsing, and detecting hardware. • Needs minimal memory requirements. • Highly budget friendly. • Better utilization of resources. • Less operational complexity.

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Desktop Systems Advantages : • Centralization of resources as all the resources are present at a common location. • Better management of resources as the files are stored at a single place. This also avoids redundancy of resources such as printers and scanners. • Remote access to the server gives processing power to every user. • High security as only the server needs to be secured from threats and attacks. • The server can play different roles for the different

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Desktop Systems Disadvantages : • Network congestion as multiple requests from the clients can block the network traffic. • The architecture of request and response is not robust enough for heavy processing. • If the server fails, all the desktop systems connected over the network fails. • If the service interrupts, the task has to be started from scratch. For instance, if a desktop system requests a file download which gets interrupted, the file becomes corrupt, and the entire process needs to be carried out from the start.

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Desktop Systems Disadvantages : • The operating system architecture is highly costly. • A professional IT personnel is needed to manage and maintain such an operating environment. • File protection was necessary when other computers and other users can access the files on PC. • Malicious programs such as WORM or Virus mechanisms are implemented for the file protection.

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Mutiprocessor Systems  Most computer systems are single processor systems i.e they only have one processor.  However, multiprocessor or parallel systems are increasing in importance nowadays.  They are also known as tightly coupled systems.  These systems have multiple processors working in parallel that share the computer clock, memory, bus, peripheral devices etc.

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Multiprocessor Systems

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Multiprocessor Systems Types of Multiprocessors There are mainly two types of multiprocessors i.e. symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessors. • Symmetric Multiprocessors • In these types of systems, each processor contains a similar copy of the operating system and they all communicate with each other. All the processors are in a peer to peer relationship i.e. no master - slave relationship exists between them. • An example of the symmetric multiprocessing system is the Encore version of Unix for the Multimax Computer.

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Multiprocessor Systems Asymmetric Multiprocessors • In asymmetric systems, each processor is given a predefined task. • There is a master processor that gives instruction to all the other processors. • Asymmetric multiprocessor system contains a master slave relationship. • Asymmetric multiprocessor was the only type of multiprocessor available before symmetric multiprocessors were created.

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Multiprocessor Systems Advantages of Multiprocessor Systems • There are multiple advantages to multiprocessor systems. Some of these are − More reliable Systems • In a multiprocessor system, even if one processor fails, the system will not halt. This ability to continue working despite hardware failure is known as graceful degradation. For example: If there are 5 processors in a multiprocessor system and one of them fails, then also 4 processors are still working. So the system only becomes slower and does not ground to a halt.

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Muliprocessor Systems Enhanced Throughput • If multiple processors are working in tandem, then the throughput of the system increases i.e. number of processes getting executed per unit of time increase. If there are N processors then the throughput increases by an amount just under N. More Economic Systems • Multiprocessor systems are cheaper than single processor systems in the long run because they share the data storage, peripheral devices, power supplies etc. If there are multiple processes that share data, it is better to schedule them on multiprocessor systems with shared data than have different computer systems with multiple copies of the data.

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Multiprocessor Systems Disadvantages of Multiprocessor Systems There are some disadvantages as well to multiprocessor systems. Some of these are: Increased Expense • Even though multiprocessor systems are cheaper in the long run than using multiple computer systems, still they are quite expensive. It is much cheaper to buy a simple single processor system than a multiprocessor system. Large Main Memory Required • All the processors in the multiprocessor system share the memory. So a much larger pool of memory is required as compared to single processor systems.

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Multiprocessor Systems Disadvantages of Multiprocessor Systems Complicated Operating System Required • There are multiple processors in a multiprocessor system that share peripherals, memory etc. So, it is much more complicated to schedule processes and impart resources to processes.than in single processor systems. Hence, a more complex and complicated operating system is required in multiprocessor systems.

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Desktop and multiprocessor systems

  • 1. DESKTOP AND MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS Mrs.G.Chandraprabha,M.Sc.,M.Phil., Assistant Professor Department of Information Technology V.V.Vanniaperumal College for Women Virudhunagar
  • 2. Desktop Systems Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a single user appeared in the 1970’s. I/O devices – keyboards, mice, display screens, small printers. User convenience and responsiveness. Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system’ often individuals have sole use of computer and do not need advanced CPU utilization of protection features. May run several different types of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, UNIX, Linux)
  • 3. Desktop Systems • The control program that operates in a user’s machine is termed as the desktop system. Such a system is also referred as a client operating system. • The client can be said as a computer in a network where the user performs some task or activity over the network. • Such computer operating systems do not have complete control over the resources but use the network to access them. • Also, these operating system only use the network to carry out tasks such as downloading a file from the network or browsing the internet.
  • 4. Desktop Systems • Desktop operating systems usually operate with a server computer which has the complete control over the resources. • Also, the processing power remains completely in the hand of the server operating system. • The server operating system is developed in such a way that it can fulfill all the requirements and requests of the client or the desktop operating system. • Desktop or the client operating system is completely dependent on the server operating systems and are ineffective in the absence of a server.
  • 5. Desktop Systems Features : • Basic operating features such as data sharing, internet browsing, and detecting hardware. • Needs minimal memory requirements. • Highly budget friendly. • Better utilization of resources. • Less operational complexity.
  • 6. Desktop Systems Advantages : • Centralization of resources as all the resources are present at a common location. • Better management of resources as the files are stored at a single place. This also avoids redundancy of resources such as printers and scanners. • Remote access to the server gives processing power to every user. • High security as only the server needs to be secured from threats and attacks. • The server can play different roles for the different
  • 7. Desktop Systems Disadvantages : • Network congestion as multiple requests from the clients can block the network traffic. • The architecture of request and response is not robust enough for heavy processing. • If the server fails, all the desktop systems connected over the network fails. • If the service interrupts, the task has to be started from scratch. For instance, if a desktop system requests a file download which gets interrupted, the file becomes corrupt, and the entire process needs to be carried out from the start.
  • 8. Desktop Systems Disadvantages : • The operating system architecture is highly costly. • A professional IT personnel is needed to manage and maintain such an operating environment. • File protection was necessary when other computers and other users can access the files on PC. • Malicious programs such as WORM or Virus mechanisms are implemented for the file protection.
  • 9. Mutiprocessor Systems  Most computer systems are single processor systems i.e they only have one processor.  However, multiprocessor or parallel systems are increasing in importance nowadays.  They are also known as tightly coupled systems.  These systems have multiple processors working in parallel that share the computer clock, memory, bus, peripheral devices etc.
  • 11. Multiprocessor Systems Types of Multiprocessors There are mainly two types of multiprocessors i.e. symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessors. • Symmetric Multiprocessors • In these types of systems, each processor contains a similar copy of the operating system and they all communicate with each other. All the processors are in a peer to peer relationship i.e. no master - slave relationship exists between them. • An example of the symmetric multiprocessing system is the Encore version of Unix for the Multimax Computer.
  • 12. Multiprocessor Systems Asymmetric Multiprocessors • In asymmetric systems, each processor is given a predefined task. • There is a master processor that gives instruction to all the other processors. • Asymmetric multiprocessor system contains a master slave relationship. • Asymmetric multiprocessor was the only type of multiprocessor available before symmetric multiprocessors were created.
  • 13. Multiprocessor Systems Advantages of Multiprocessor Systems • There are multiple advantages to multiprocessor systems. Some of these are − More reliable Systems • In a multiprocessor system, even if one processor fails, the system will not halt. This ability to continue working despite hardware failure is known as graceful degradation. For example: If there are 5 processors in a multiprocessor system and one of them fails, then also 4 processors are still working. So the system only becomes slower and does not ground to a halt.
  • 14. Muliprocessor Systems Enhanced Throughput • If multiple processors are working in tandem, then the throughput of the system increases i.e. number of processes getting executed per unit of time increase. If there are N processors then the throughput increases by an amount just under N. More Economic Systems • Multiprocessor systems are cheaper than single processor systems in the long run because they share the data storage, peripheral devices, power supplies etc. If there are multiple processes that share data, it is better to schedule them on multiprocessor systems with shared data than have different computer systems with multiple copies of the data.
  • 15. Multiprocessor Systems Disadvantages of Multiprocessor Systems There are some disadvantages as well to multiprocessor systems. Some of these are: Increased Expense • Even though multiprocessor systems are cheaper in the long run than using multiple computer systems, still they are quite expensive. It is much cheaper to buy a simple single processor system than a multiprocessor system. Large Main Memory Required • All the processors in the multiprocessor system share the memory. So a much larger pool of memory is required as compared to single processor systems.
  • 16. Multiprocessor Systems Disadvantages of Multiprocessor Systems Complicated Operating System Required • There are multiple processors in a multiprocessor system that share peripherals, memory etc. So, it is much more complicated to schedule processes and impart resources to processes.than in single processor systems. Hence, a more complex and complicated operating system is required in multiprocessor systems.