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Digital wallet (e-wallet)

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Krishna Kumar
Krishna Kumar

A digital wallet allows users to store payment and loyalty card information electronically rather than physically. It authenticates users and facilitates contactless payment using technologies like near field communication (NFC). Digital wallets provide advantages over physical wallets like convenience, flexibility, and safety. While systems issues, security concerns, and user experience challenges remain, major companies are developing digital wallet applications that can be used to pay at retail locations and transfer funds between individuals.

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DIGITAL WALLET A Presentation by N.RISHNAKUMAR
 Vision  What is a Digital Wallet?  The Need  Components  Technology  NFC  Payment Model  Architecture  Features  Advantages and disadvantages  How it is being used right now?  Reference and Conclusion 1
VISION In the past few thousand years, the way we pay has changed just four times—from barter system to coins, to paper money, to plastic cards. Now we’re on the brink of the next big shift. We now want to introduce the digital wallet, which contains the virtual versions of our existing plastic cards. 2
WHAT IS A DIGITAL WALLET  A digital wallet is a software component that allows a user to make an electronic payment with a financial instrument and hides the low-level details of executing the payment protocol that is used to make the payment.  A digital wallet allows a user to make an electronic payment with a financial instrument (such as a credit card or digital cash), and hides the low-level details of executing the payment protocol that is used to make the payment.  It authenticates the consumer through the use of digital certificates or other encryption methods, stores and transfers value, and secure the payment process from the consumer to the merchant.  It can hold other than payments like Bank account details,Credit cards,Gift coupons and reward certificates,Loyalty cards Offers. 3
 Thick, bulky, unmanageable physical wallet.  Finding particular items is time consuming.  Evocating a lost wallet is extremely hard.  Managing multiple monetary and identification implements is not easy. Monetary implements include cash, debit and credit cards, and stored value cards while identification includes national or state identification cards and driver’s licenses.  Reducing the chance of theft by having only one item to manage.  Upwards of 25% of online shoppers abandon their order due to frustration in filling in forms. (Graphic Arts Monthly, 1999) The digital wallet combats this problem by giving users the option to transfer their information securely and accurately. This simplified approach to completing transactions results in better usability and ultimately more utility for the customer. THE NEED 4
COMPONENTS  A digital wallet has a software and information component.  The software provides security and encryption for the personal information and for the actual transaction.  Normally, digital wallets are stored on the client side and are easily self- maintained and fully compatible with most e-commerce Web sites.  A server-side digital wallet, also known as a thin wallet, is one that an organization creates for and about you and maintains on its servers. Server-side digital wallets are gaining popularity among major retailers due to the security, efficiency, and added utility it provides to the end- user, which increases their enjoyment of their overall purchase.  The information component is basically a database of user-inputted information. This information consists of your shipping address, billing address, payment methods (including credit card numbers, expiry dates, and security numbers), and other information. 5
TECHNOLOGY  Secure Communication Medium • New NFC (Near Field Communication) chips are already appearing in smart phones which provide very close range, low power, easy to setup up point-to-point communication. • NFC acts as the communication medium for exchanging monetary and identification information, such as credit card numbers and receipts, with other devices.  Fast Secure Authentication and Secure Tamper Proof Storage • Secure programmable chips in cell phoneswill allow the cell phone to securely store both “digital cash” and the phone owner’s monetary and identification implements. • This assumes that the cell phone owner secures his digital wallet with a good password. This chip will ensure that thieves are unable to access the digital wallet embedded in the stolen phone. Biometric scannerscould also be integrated into cell phones andused for quick and easy authentication. 6
OPERATION OF NFC 7 Near field communication is based on inductive-coupling. NFC works using magnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's 'near field’. Operating frequency 13.56 MHz @ the data rate 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target.
How it works???  Sender Mobile sends request to Transfer Money.  System checks available balance in Sender’s A/C from that particular Bank.  It transfers money from senders A/C to receivers A/C.  After a successful money transfer it sends a confirmation notification (SMS/Email) to receiver.  Money can be send and/or receive from PayPoints. 8
PAYMENT MODELS  For point-of-sale transactions:-  A NFC-compatible “reader pad” can be deployed in retail stores.  When payment is required, consumers place their cell phone on/near the pad and all their valid payment options appear on a display.  They can then select the payment method they plan to use (cash, specific credit card, etc.) for the transaction.  The pad transmits the transaction request to the appropriate financial institutions using existing banking protocols provided by NETS, Visa, Amex, and MasterCard.  The consumer can provide any necessary signatures using a digital signature pad located next to the reader pad.  Once the transaction is verified and completed, the receipt is automatically sent to the cell phone and stored for future reference. 9
 For peer-to-peer cash exchange, use the phone’s NFC capability together with an easy to use peer-to-peer cash application. Using the application, the payer can enter how much cash he needs to send to the other person. The payer then taps the cell phone of the payee and the cash is transferred instantaneously using NFC. The recipient is then informed of the exact amount transferred. 10
HOW TO SUPPORT CASH TRANSFER  Place cash in the digital wallet either by : a) Topping-up the cash on device at specific top-up machines which are integrated with existing automated teller machines b) Online by logging intobank’s online portal and transferring cash into phone.  Transferring that cash to a retailer or another digital wallet by using NFC. 11
User Profile Manager Instrument Manager Protocol Manager Communication Manager Wallet Controller User Interface Client API User Interface API Instrument Instances Protocols Manages all of the financial instrument options contained in the wallet, for example, it may be queried to determine which instrument classes and instances are available to execute a given payment or other operation Provides the wallet with an interface to send and receive messages between wallets and peer commerce components by setting up a connection with a remote Communication Manager. Manages all of the protocols that the wallet may use to accomplish various operations, and invokes protocols to carry out the interaction between the digital wallet and the vendors and banks. Manages information about clients and groups of clients of the wallet including their user names, passwords, ship- to and bill-to addresses, and potentially other user profile information as well Presents a consolidated interface for the wallet to the client. The Wallet Controller hides the complexity of the other components of the wallet, and provides a high-level interface to the client. Builds on top of the connection abstraction to support the concept of a session. Responsible for encryption of data.Provides a graphical interface to the services offered by the Wallet Controllers interface 12 WALLET ARCHITECTURE
Features of e–wallet:  Refillable  Infinite lifetime  Current balance can be stored and read  User authentication is provided  Universal access  Maximum possible cash  Cannot be duplicated 13
ADVANTAGES  Ease of use:  Withdraw or deposit value by telephone  Pay the exact amount, no fiddling for change  No signature required  Immediate payment • Flexibility:  Transfer value by telephone  Pay person to person  For low or high values  Multi-currency capability  No age limit, so suitable for all the family 14
ADVANTAGES…  Safety and control:  Spend only what you have  Read your balance  Load value at home  Lock your card or wallet  Keep track of what you have spent and where  Customer is traceable if a lost card is found • Accessibility and convenience:  Cash machines and telephones give more access points to funds in bank account  Available 24 hours / 365 days  Cash machines and telephones cannot run out of electronic cash 15
DISADVANTAGES:  System Outages: Information for digital wallets are stored on the cloud of business servers; therefore, the risk of a system malfunction or shut down is always present. As a result, businesses will not be able to process payments or they will become increasingly slow due to high traffic in the servers.  Security: Companies must ensure that their customers' information is encrypted and well protected. One of the biggest concerns of adopting a digital wallet application is "will my information be safe"? This is the hurdle that companies must face and as a result, must develop security systems that are as safe and full proof as possible to avoid potential security issues.  Stake Holder Dynamics: Satisfying the business and strategic goals of multiple stake holders such as banks, retailers, regulatory bodies, is difficult.  Compelling user experience: A user-friendly wallet interface, easy to use and intuitive is difficult to produce. 16
How it is being used right now? There are many different companies offering E-Wallets. Although each one is a little different, they all perform the same basic tasks. Some of them are  SQUARE Wallet  GOOGLE e-wallet  PayPal  ISIS  Venmo  Dwolla 17
GOOGLE e-wallet Google Wallet, currently available for purchases in the United States, lets you save all your loyalty cards in once place. You can also make payments online and at any merchant that has a card with credit attached to it. If you need to send money to someone, you can do so for free as long as they're using Google Wallet as well. Google Wallet offers tap to pay for NFC-enabled devices 18
ISIS Isis is available to both AT&T and Verizon customers and offers the same tap to pay functionality Android users currently enjoy with NFC. The only catch? You'll need to buy an accessory case to make Isis work. After that you can add all your payment cards, including American Express Serve and Chase bank cards, and start tapping to pay at literally thousands of merchants with tap to pay terminals. 19
SQUARE Wallet Square Wallet lets you link a debit or credit card to your Square account and pay with it anywhere Square payments are accepted. If someone sends you a Square gift card you can also store that inside the Square Wallet app for use whenever you're at that merchant. For some places of business, you can even choose items from inventory and have your sale ready before even getting to the cash register. 20
PAYPAL PayPal is one of the most accepted payment services on the planet. Lots of physical merchants can also let you pay with PayPal, no actual credit card needed. The PayPal app can use your location to determine what merchants around you let you pay with PayPal. Once you're at the checkout, just tell them you're paying with PayPal instead of cash or a card. You'll just have to enter your mobile number and PIN and you're good to go. PayPal just deducts the funds from whatever bank account or credit card you have linked. 21
REFERENCES  Electronic Wallets: Past, Present and Future, by Brent Clark.  Thin is in, The future of Digital Wallets, by Christina N. White for SapientNitro.  Digital Wallet Technology, by Riyazuddin Khan  SWAPEROO, A Simple Wallet Architecture for Payments, Exchanges, Refunds, and Other Operationsby Neil Daswani, Dan Boneh, Hector Garcia-Molina, Steven Ketchpel, Andreas Paepcke from Stanford University.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_wallet  Digital Wallet: Requirements and Challenges by Rajesh Krishna Balan, NarayanRamasubbu, Giri Kumar Tayi from Singapore Management University and SUNY at Albany. 22
THANK YOU!! 23

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Digital wallet (e-wallet)

  • 1. DIGITAL WALLET A Presentation by N.RISHNAKUMAR
  • 2.  Vision  What is a Digital Wallet?  The Need  Components  Technology  NFC  Payment Model  Architecture  Features  Advantages and disadvantages  How it is being used right now?  Reference and Conclusion 1
  • 3. VISION In the past few thousand years, the way we pay has changed just four times—from barter system to coins, to paper money, to plastic cards. Now we’re on the brink of the next big shift. We now want to introduce the digital wallet, which contains the virtual versions of our existing plastic cards. 2
  • 4. WHAT IS A DIGITAL WALLET  A digital wallet is a software component that allows a user to make an electronic payment with a financial instrument and hides the low-level details of executing the payment protocol that is used to make the payment.  A digital wallet allows a user to make an electronic payment with a financial instrument (such as a credit card or digital cash), and hides the low-level details of executing the payment protocol that is used to make the payment.  It authenticates the consumer through the use of digital certificates or other encryption methods, stores and transfers value, and secure the payment process from the consumer to the merchant.  It can hold other than payments like Bank account details,Credit cards,Gift coupons and reward certificates,Loyalty cards Offers. 3
  • 5.  Thick, bulky, unmanageable physical wallet.  Finding particular items is time consuming.  Evocating a lost wallet is extremely hard.  Managing multiple monetary and identification implements is not easy. Monetary implements include cash, debit and credit cards, and stored value cards while identification includes national or state identification cards and driver’s licenses.  Reducing the chance of theft by having only one item to manage.  Upwards of 25% of online shoppers abandon their order due to frustration in filling in forms. (Graphic Arts Monthly, 1999) The digital wallet combats this problem by giving users the option to transfer their information securely and accurately. This simplified approach to completing transactions results in better usability and ultimately more utility for the customer. THE NEED 4
  • 6. COMPONENTS  A digital wallet has a software and information component.  The software provides security and encryption for the personal information and for the actual transaction.  Normally, digital wallets are stored on the client side and are easily self- maintained and fully compatible with most e-commerce Web sites.  A server-side digital wallet, also known as a thin wallet, is one that an organization creates for and about you and maintains on its servers. Server-side digital wallets are gaining popularity among major retailers due to the security, efficiency, and added utility it provides to the end- user, which increases their enjoyment of their overall purchase.  The information component is basically a database of user-inputted information. This information consists of your shipping address, billing address, payment methods (including credit card numbers, expiry dates, and security numbers), and other information. 5
  • 7. TECHNOLOGY  Secure Communication Medium • New NFC (Near Field Communication) chips are already appearing in smart phones which provide very close range, low power, easy to setup up point-to-point communication. • NFC acts as the communication medium for exchanging monetary and identification information, such as credit card numbers and receipts, with other devices.  Fast Secure Authentication and Secure Tamper Proof Storage • Secure programmable chips in cell phoneswill allow the cell phone to securely store both “digital cash” and the phone owner’s monetary and identification implements. • This assumes that the cell phone owner secures his digital wallet with a good password. This chip will ensure that thieves are unable to access the digital wallet embedded in the stolen phone. Biometric scannerscould also be integrated into cell phones andused for quick and easy authentication. 6
  • 8. OPERATION OF NFC 7 Near field communication is based on inductive-coupling. NFC works using magnetic induction between two loop antennas located within each other's 'near field’. Operating frequency 13.56 MHz @ the data rate 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target.
  • 9. How it works???  Sender Mobile sends request to Transfer Money.  System checks available balance in Sender’s A/C from that particular Bank.  It transfers money from senders A/C to receivers A/C.  After a successful money transfer it sends a confirmation notification (SMS/Email) to receiver.  Money can be send and/or receive from PayPoints. 8
  • 10. PAYMENT MODELS  For point-of-sale transactions:-  A NFC-compatible “reader pad” can be deployed in retail stores.  When payment is required, consumers place their cell phone on/near the pad and all their valid payment options appear on a display.  They can then select the payment method they plan to use (cash, specific credit card, etc.) for the transaction.  The pad transmits the transaction request to the appropriate financial institutions using existing banking protocols provided by NETS, Visa, Amex, and MasterCard.  The consumer can provide any necessary signatures using a digital signature pad located next to the reader pad.  Once the transaction is verified and completed, the receipt is automatically sent to the cell phone and stored for future reference. 9
  • 11.  For peer-to-peer cash exchange, use the phone’s NFC capability together with an easy to use peer-to-peer cash application. Using the application, the payer can enter how much cash he needs to send to the other person. The payer then taps the cell phone of the payee and the cash is transferred instantaneously using NFC. The recipient is then informed of the exact amount transferred. 10
  • 12. HOW TO SUPPORT CASH TRANSFER  Place cash in the digital wallet either by : a) Topping-up the cash on device at specific top-up machines which are integrated with existing automated teller machines b) Online by logging intobank’s online portal and transferring cash into phone.  Transferring that cash to a retailer or another digital wallet by using NFC. 11
  • 13. User Profile Manager Instrument Manager Protocol Manager Communication Manager Wallet Controller User Interface Client API User Interface API Instrument Instances Protocols Manages all of the financial instrument options contained in the wallet, for example, it may be queried to determine which instrument classes and instances are available to execute a given payment or other operation Provides the wallet with an interface to send and receive messages between wallets and peer commerce components by setting up a connection with a remote Communication Manager. Manages all of the protocols that the wallet may use to accomplish various operations, and invokes protocols to carry out the interaction between the digital wallet and the vendors and banks. Manages information about clients and groups of clients of the wallet including their user names, passwords, ship- to and bill-to addresses, and potentially other user profile information as well Presents a consolidated interface for the wallet to the client. The Wallet Controller hides the complexity of the other components of the wallet, and provides a high-level interface to the client. Builds on top of the connection abstraction to support the concept of a session. Responsible for encryption of data.Provides a graphical interface to the services offered by the Wallet Controllers interface 12 WALLET ARCHITECTURE
  • 14. Features of e–wallet:  Refillable  Infinite lifetime  Current balance can be stored and read  User authentication is provided  Universal access  Maximum possible cash  Cannot be duplicated 13
  • 15. ADVANTAGES  Ease of use:  Withdraw or deposit value by telephone  Pay the exact amount, no fiddling for change  No signature required  Immediate payment • Flexibility:  Transfer value by telephone  Pay person to person  For low or high values  Multi-currency capability  No age limit, so suitable for all the family 14
  • 16. ADVANTAGES…  Safety and control:  Spend only what you have  Read your balance  Load value at home  Lock your card or wallet  Keep track of what you have spent and where  Customer is traceable if a lost card is found • Accessibility and convenience:  Cash machines and telephones give more access points to funds in bank account  Available 24 hours / 365 days  Cash machines and telephones cannot run out of electronic cash 15
  • 17. DISADVANTAGES:  System Outages: Information for digital wallets are stored on the cloud of business servers; therefore, the risk of a system malfunction or shut down is always present. As a result, businesses will not be able to process payments or they will become increasingly slow due to high traffic in the servers.  Security: Companies must ensure that their customers' information is encrypted and well protected. One of the biggest concerns of adopting a digital wallet application is "will my information be safe"? This is the hurdle that companies must face and as a result, must develop security systems that are as safe and full proof as possible to avoid potential security issues.  Stake Holder Dynamics: Satisfying the business and strategic goals of multiple stake holders such as banks, retailers, regulatory bodies, is difficult.  Compelling user experience: A user-friendly wallet interface, easy to use and intuitive is difficult to produce. 16
  • 18. How it is being used right now? There are many different companies offering E-Wallets. Although each one is a little different, they all perform the same basic tasks. Some of them are  SQUARE Wallet  GOOGLE e-wallet  PayPal  ISIS  Venmo  Dwolla 17
  • 19. GOOGLE e-wallet Google Wallet, currently available for purchases in the United States, lets you save all your loyalty cards in once place. You can also make payments online and at any merchant that has a card with credit attached to it. If you need to send money to someone, you can do so for free as long as they're using Google Wallet as well. Google Wallet offers tap to pay for NFC-enabled devices 18
  • 20. ISIS Isis is available to both AT&T and Verizon customers and offers the same tap to pay functionality Android users currently enjoy with NFC. The only catch? You'll need to buy an accessory case to make Isis work. After that you can add all your payment cards, including American Express Serve and Chase bank cards, and start tapping to pay at literally thousands of merchants with tap to pay terminals. 19
  • 21. SQUARE Wallet Square Wallet lets you link a debit or credit card to your Square account and pay with it anywhere Square payments are accepted. If someone sends you a Square gift card you can also store that inside the Square Wallet app for use whenever you're at that merchant. For some places of business, you can even choose items from inventory and have your sale ready before even getting to the cash register. 20
  • 22. PAYPAL PayPal is one of the most accepted payment services on the planet. Lots of physical merchants can also let you pay with PayPal, no actual credit card needed. The PayPal app can use your location to determine what merchants around you let you pay with PayPal. Once you're at the checkout, just tell them you're paying with PayPal instead of cash or a card. You'll just have to enter your mobile number and PIN and you're good to go. PayPal just deducts the funds from whatever bank account or credit card you have linked. 21
  • 23. REFERENCES  Electronic Wallets: Past, Present and Future, by Brent Clark.  Thin is in, The future of Digital Wallets, by Christina N. White for SapientNitro.  Digital Wallet Technology, by Riyazuddin Khan  SWAPEROO, A Simple Wallet Architecture for Payments, Exchanges, Refunds, and Other Operationsby Neil Daswani, Dan Boneh, Hector Garcia-Molina, Steven Ketchpel, Andreas Paepcke from Stanford University.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_wallet  Digital Wallet: Requirements and Challenges by Rajesh Krishna Balan, NarayanRamasubbu, Giri Kumar Tayi from Singapore Management University and SUNY at Albany. 22