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Diseases of fishe

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Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses.[3] In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for furunculosis in farmed salmon and koi herpes virus in koi.[4][5]

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NAME: MUHAMMAD AAMIR BILAL SEMESTER: 7th ROLL NO: 35 PRESENTATION TOPIC: DISEASES OF FISH

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 Fish diseases may be infectious or non infectious  Infectious includes;  Viral borne  Bacterial  Fungal  Trematodes  Cestodes  Nematodes etc.

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 Non Infectious includes;  Anoxia  Gas Bubble Disease  PH disturbacnce  Dietary  Intoxications  Toxic Algae

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 Infectious:  1.Viral:These are further divided into;  (a)Lymphoycstis:It is characterized by the formation of proliferous growth of connective tissue in the skin,resuting into warts.  It is not lethal but may cause secondary fungal infections  Symptoms:tumors or warts on the body.  Treatment:no cure;fish should be destroyed

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 (b)viral haemorrhagic septicaemia(VHS):this disease is mainly found in rainbow trout farm.  It suddenly becomes chronic and mortality is very high.  Symptoms:Usually kidneys and liver are affected;belly swells and foul smelling yellowish fluid is found in visceral cavity. Treatment:no cure

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 (c)Infectious pancreatic necrosis(IPN):It is a contagious disease of salmonids and confined to North America.  The virus affects mainly young trouts.  Symptoms:affected fish revolves;swims disorderly and finally rests at the bottom and body cavity filled with a white fluid.  Treatment:no cure;bury or burn the infected fish

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 2.Bacterial diseases:The bacterial diseases may be;  (a)Dropsy:It a serious epidemic diseases,caused primarily by a becterium Aeromonas punctata.  Symptoms: Accumulation of yellow or pink liquid in the body cavity. Fins are partly distroyed. Belly swells and fish look like a baloon  Treatment: dip treatment in 5 ppm potassium permenganate solution is recommended.

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 (b)ulcer disease:this disease is common at brook trout hatcheries in USA.  It is caused by a bacterium Hemophilus piscium.  Symptoms:formation of open sores of ulcers:lesions appear as a small pimple;fin rays fall out.  Treatment:chloromycetin is recommended as an effective control.copper sulphate treatment is also effective.

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 (c)vibriosis:it is common in estuaries and marine envoirnment.it is caused by Vibrio angullarium.  These infections have been reported in freshwater salmonids recently in Norway.  Symptoms:dull movements,loss of appetite,necrosis of kidney and bleeding at the base of fins.  Treatment:oxytetracycline at a ratio of 50-70 mg/kg of body wt/day for 10 days is recommended.sufla drugs are also effective.

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 3:Fugal disease:these may be;  (a)Branchiomycosis:popularly known as ‘’gill rot disease”.It is caused by a genus Branchiomyces.  This disease mainly occurs in hot weather.it is associated with rich organic matter such as dung,and bloom of planktonic algae.  Symptoms:In late stages of the disease gill filaments decay and finally drop off;affected fish succumbs from suffocation.  Treatment :bath treatment into 3-5% salt solution or in 5ppm of potassium permenganate sol recmnded.

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 (b)Icthyophonus disease:It is caused by Icthyophonus hoferi, a brownish yellow fungi.  It attacks the internal organs of fish.  Symptoms: fish loses equilibrium, mouth becomes open and rigid, tubling movements; death may take few months to many years.  Treatment:no cure.

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 4.Trematodes:it includes ;  (a)clinostomiasis:these infects a wide variety of freshwater fishes and cause a disease called as ‘yellow grub’.  Symptoms: small sized cream colored nodules are produced on body , head and fins; infecion does not cause serious disease.  Treatment: no cure.

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 Non infectious diseases: these may be;  (a).Anoxia: Mortality of fish due to anoxia is frequent problem in ponds of tropical countries.  5 ppm is considered as sufficient concentration.  Conc less than 3 ppm may prove to be fatal.  Possible measures:(1).fresh water should be added to the ponds.  (2).thining of population of fish,removal of algal blooms.

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.(b)PH concentration: If ph goes below causes acidemia. . normal range of ph is from 7-8. .Due to this disease fish perform rapid movements and a tendency to jump out of water. .treatment:powdered calcium carbide can reduce this problem.

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 (c):Intoxications : heavy metals such as zn,cu,Hg,Ni and Pb can enter into a pond or lake from industries.  If water is hard with a ph of 8 so heavy metals ppts.  But if water is soft with low ph,the metals in their ionic forms will prove toxic to fishes.

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Diseases of fishe

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Diseases of fishe

  • 1. NAME: MUHAMMAD AAMIR BILAL SEMESTER: 7th ROLL NO: 35 PRESENTATION TOPIC: DISEASES OF FISH
  • 2.  Fish diseases may be infectious or non infectious  Infectious includes;  Viral borne  Bacterial  Fungal  Trematodes  Cestodes  Nematodes etc.
  • 3.  Non Infectious includes;  Anoxia  Gas Bubble Disease  PH disturbacnce  Dietary  Intoxications  Toxic Algae
  • 4.  Infectious:  1.Viral:These are further divided into;  (a)Lymphoycstis:It is characterized by the formation of proliferous growth of connective tissue in the skin,resuting into warts.  It is not lethal but may cause secondary fungal infections  Symptoms:tumors or warts on the body.  Treatment:no cure;fish should be destroyed
  • 5.  (b)viral haemorrhagic septicaemia(VHS):this disease is mainly found in rainbow trout farm.  It suddenly becomes chronic and mortality is very high.  Symptoms:Usually kidneys and liver are affected;belly swells and foul smelling yellowish fluid is found in visceral cavity. Treatment:no cure
  • 6.  (c)Infectious pancreatic necrosis(IPN):It is a contagious disease of salmonids and confined to North America.  The virus affects mainly young trouts.  Symptoms:affected fish revolves;swims disorderly and finally rests at the bottom and body cavity filled with a white fluid.  Treatment:no cure;bury or burn the infected fish
  • 7.  2.Bacterial diseases:The bacterial diseases may be;  (a)Dropsy:It a serious epidemic diseases,caused primarily by a becterium Aeromonas punctata.  Symptoms: Accumulation of yellow or pink liquid in the body cavity. Fins are partly distroyed. Belly swells and fish look like a baloon  Treatment: dip treatment in 5 ppm potassium permenganate solution is recommended.
  • 8.  (b)ulcer disease:this disease is common at brook trout hatcheries in USA.  It is caused by a bacterium Hemophilus piscium.  Symptoms:formation of open sores of ulcers:lesions appear as a small pimple;fin rays fall out.  Treatment:chloromycetin is recommended as an effective control.copper sulphate treatment is also effective.
  • 9.  (c)vibriosis:it is common in estuaries and marine envoirnment.it is caused by Vibrio angullarium.  These infections have been reported in freshwater salmonids recently in Norway.  Symptoms:dull movements,loss of appetite,necrosis of kidney and bleeding at the base of fins.  Treatment:oxytetracycline at a ratio of 50-70 mg/kg of body wt/day for 10 days is recommended.sufla drugs are also effective.
  • 10.  3:Fugal disease:these may be;  (a)Branchiomycosis:popularly known as ‘’gill rot disease”.It is caused by a genus Branchiomyces.  This disease mainly occurs in hot weather.it is associated with rich organic matter such as dung,and bloom of planktonic algae.  Symptoms:In late stages of the disease gill filaments decay and finally drop off;affected fish succumbs from suffocation.  Treatment :bath treatment into 3-5% salt solution or in 5ppm of potassium permenganate sol recmnded.
  • 11.  (b)Icthyophonus disease:It is caused by Icthyophonus hoferi, a brownish yellow fungi.  It attacks the internal organs of fish.  Symptoms: fish loses equilibrium, mouth becomes open and rigid, tubling movements; death may take few months to many years.  Treatment:no cure.
  • 12.  4.Trematodes:it includes ;  (a)clinostomiasis:these infects a wide variety of freshwater fishes and cause a disease called as ‘yellow grub’.  Symptoms: small sized cream colored nodules are produced on body , head and fins; infecion does not cause serious disease.  Treatment: no cure.
  • 13.  Non infectious diseases: these may be;  (a).Anoxia: Mortality of fish due to anoxia is frequent problem in ponds of tropical countries.  5 ppm is considered as sufficient concentration.  Conc less than 3 ppm may prove to be fatal.  Possible measures:(1).fresh water should be added to the ponds.  (2).thining of population of fish,removal of algal blooms.
  • 14. .(b)PH concentration: If ph goes below causes acidemia. . normal range of ph is from 7-8. .Due to this disease fish perform rapid movements and a tendency to jump out of water. .treatment:powdered calcium carbide can reduce this problem.
  • 15.  (c):Intoxications : heavy metals such as zn,cu,Hg,Ni and Pb can enter into a pond or lake from industries.  If water is hard with a ph of 8 so heavy metals ppts.  But if water is soft with low ph,the metals in their ionic forms will prove toxic to fishes.