Docker 1 0 1 0 1: a Docker introduction, actualized for the stable release of Docker 1 0 !
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If you're not familiar yet with Docker, here is your chance to catch up. This presentation includes a quick overview of the Open Source Docker Engine, and its associated services delivered through the Docker Hub. Recent features are listed, as well as a glimpse at what's next in the Docker world.
This presentation was given during OSCON, at a meet-up hosted by New Relic, with co-presentations from CoreOS and Rackspace OnMetal.
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Docker 1 0 1 0 1: a Docker introduction, actualized for the stable release of Docker 1 0 !
5. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
6. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
● Tried the real Docker (e.g. deployed remote VM)
7. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
● Tried the real Docker (e.g. deployed remote VM)
● Installed Docker locally (e.g. with boot2docker)
8. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
● Tried the real Docker (e.g. deployed remote VM)
● Installed Docker locally (e.g. with boot2docker)
● Written a Dockerfile (and built it!)
9. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
● Tried the real Docker (e.g. deployed remote VM)
● Installed Docker locally (e.g. with boot2docker)
● Written a Dockerfile (and built it!)
● An image on Docker Hub (pushed or autobuilt)
10. Raise your hand if you have ...
● Tried Docker (online tutorial)
● Tried the real Docker (e.g. deployed remote VM)
● Installed Docker locally (e.g. with boot2docker)
● Written a Dockerfile (and built it!)
● An image on Docker Hub (pushed or autobuilt)
● Deployed Docker images for dev/QA/test/prod...
11. Agenda
● What is Docker and Why it matters
● What are containers
● The Docker ecosystem (Engine, Hub, etc.)
● Deployment options and first steps
● Docker 1.0, or 1.1, or 1.1.1
14. Deploy almost everywhere
● Linux servers
● VMs or bare metal
● Any distro
● Kernel 3.8+ (or RHEL 2.6.32)
Currently: focus on x86_64.
(But people reported success on arm.)
17. Deploy reliably & consistently
● If it works locally, it will work on the server
● With exactly the same behavior
● Regardless of versions
● Regardless of distros
● Regardless of dependencies
18. Deploy efficiently
● Containers are lightweight
– Typical laptop runs 10-100 containers easily
– Typical server can run 100-1000 containers
● Containers can run at native speeds
– Lies, damn lies, and other benchmarks:
http://qiita.com/syoyo/items/bea48de8d7c6d8c73435
http://www.slideshare.net/BodenRussell/kvm-and-docker-lxc-benchmarking-with-openstack
25. High level approach:
it's a lightweight VM
● Own process space
● Own network interface
● Can run stuff as root
● Can have its own /sbin/init
(different from the host)
« Machine Container »
26. Low level approach:
it's chroot on steroids
● Can also not have its own /sbin/init
● Container = isolated process(es)
● Share kernel with host
● No device emulation (neither HVM nor PV)
« Application Container »
33. Random example:
testing
● Project X has 100 unit tests
● Each test needs a pristine SQL database
● Plan A: spin up 1 database, clean after each use
– If we don't clean correctly, random tests will fail
– Cleaning correctly can be expensive (e.g. reload DB)
34. Random example:
testing
● Project X has 100 unit tests
● Each test needs a pristine SQL database
● Plan B: spin up 100 databases
– … in parallel: needs too much resources
– … one after the other: takes too long
35. Random example:
testing
● Project X has 100 unit tests
● Each test needs a pristine SQL database
● Plan C: spin up 100 databases in containers
– fast, efficient (no overhead, copy-on-write)
– easy to implement without virtualization black belt
47. Docker: the cast
● Docker Engine
● Docker Hub
● Docker, the community
● Docker Inc, the company
48. Docker Engine
● Open Source engine to commoditize LXC
● Uses copy-on-write for quick provisioning
● Written in Go, runs as a daemon, comes with a CLI
● Everything exposed through a REST API
● Allows to build images in standard, reproducible way
● Allows to share images through registries
● Defines standard format for containers
(stack of layers; 1 layer = tarball+metadata)
49. … Open Source?
● Nothing up the sleeve, everything on the table
– Public GitHub repository: https://github.com/dotcloud/docker
– Bug reports: GitHub issue tracker
– Mailing lists: docker-user, docker-dev (Google groups)
– IRC channels: #docker, #docker-dev (Freenode)
– New features: GitHub pull requests (see CONTRIBUTING.md)
– Docker Governance Advisory Board (elected by contributors)
50. Docker Hub
Collection of services to make Docker more useful.
● Public registry
(push/pull your images for free)
● Private registry
(push/pull secret images for $)
● Automated builds
(link github/bitbucket repo; trigger build on commit)
● More to come!
51. Docker, the community
● >500 contributors
● ~20 core maintainers
● >8,000 Dockerized projects on GitHub
● >20,000 repositories on Docker Hub
● >250 meetups in >90 cities in >30 countries
● >500,000 downloads of boot2docker
52. Docker Inc, the company
● Headcount: ~50
● Led by Open Source veteran Ben Golub
(GlusterFS)
● Revenue:
– t-shirts and stickers featuring the cool blue whale
– SAAS delivered through Docker Hub
– Support & Training
54. One-time setup
● On your dev env (Linux, OS X, Windows)
– boot2docker (25 MB VM image)
– Natively (if you run Linux)
● On your servers (Linux)
– Packages (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Arch...)
– Single binary install (Golang FTW!)
– Easy provisioning on Rackspace, Digital Ocean, EC2, GCE...
– Special distros: CoreOS, Project Atomic
56. FROM ubuntu:14.04
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
RUN echo 'Hi, I am in your container!'
>/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
CMD nginx -g "daemon off;"
EXPOSE 80
docker build -t jpetazzo/staticweb .
docker run -P jpetazzo/staticweb
58. FROM ubuntu:12.04
RUN apt-get -y update
RUN apt-get install -y g++
RUN apt-get install -y erlang-dev erlang-base-hipe ...
RUN apt-get install -y libmozjs185-dev libicu-dev libtool ...
RUN apt-get install -y make wget
RUN wget http://.../apache-couchdb-1.3.1.tar.gz
| tar -C /tmp -zxf-
RUN cd /tmp/apache-couchdb-* && ./configure && make install
RUN printf "[httpd]nport = 8101nbind_address = 0.0.0.0"
> /usr/local/etc/couchdb/local.d/docker.ini
EXPOSE 8101
CMD ["/usr/local/bin/couchdb"]
docker build -t jpetazzo/couchdb .
59. FROM debian:jessie
RUN apt-get -y update
RUN apt-get install -y python-pip
RUN mkdir /src
WORKDIR /src
ADD requirements.txt /src
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /src
RUN python setup.py install
62. Summary
With Docker, I can:
● put my software in containers
● run those containers anywhere
● write recipes to automatically build containers
63. Advanced concepts
● naming
– give a unique name to your containers
● links
– connect containers together
● volumes
– separate code and data
– share data between containers
64. Recent features: 0.10
● TLS support for API access
● Configurable DNS search
● BTRFS is no longer experimental
● Integration with systemd cgroups
● Use proxy environment variables (for registry)
65. Recent features: 0.11
● SELinux integration
(works better with CentOS)
● DNS integration for links
(access linked containers by hostname)
● « docker run --net »
– use host networking for high speed
– share network of another container