download72b9_-_Reform_Movements.ppt
- 2. SOCIAL REFORM ļ¬ ORGANIZED ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE WHAT IS UNJUST OR IMPERFECT
- 4. THE GREAT AWAKENING ļ¬ 1730-1740 ļ¬ Religious movement that swept through the colonies ļ¬ Led by Jonathan Edwards ļ¬ Impact: 1-Growth of churches forced colonists to be more tolerant of religious differences ļ¬ Spread of democratic feelings in the colonies
- 5. SECOND GREAT AWAKENING ļ¬ 1800S ļ¬ Stresses free will rather than predestination ļ¬ Revivals encourage people to reform their lives ļ¬ Charles Finney taught that individual salvation is the first step to the reform of a society
- 7. DOROTHEA DIX ļ¬ Fights for mentally ill and prisons ļ¬ Legislature funds mental hospitals ļ¬ Persuades nation to treat mentally ill as patients, not prisoners ļ¬ Improves prisonās conditions (low supplies, went hungry, multiple people per cell) ; banned cruel punishments; shorter sentences for minor crimes;
- 8. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT ļ¬ This was a campaign against alcohol abuse in 1820. ļ¬ Alcohol abuse and drunkenness was widespread throughout the nation in the 1800s among men, women, children. ļ¬ Families faced wife beatings, child abuse, and the breakup of families. ļ¬ As a result many states outlawed sale of alcohol.
- 11. EDUCATION ļ¬ Public Schools: ā¢ Horace Mann fought for rights in Mass. ā¢ Training for teachers ā¢ Higher wages ā¢ States passed laws requiring education ā¢ Taxed-supported school districts ā¢ Built colleges
- 12. ļ¬ African American ā¢ North: separate school houses ā¢ Many Americans were very hostile towards these schools; burning school, attacking the teachers ā¢ 1854, 1st African-American college in Penn.
- 13. ļ¬ Disabilities ā¢ 1817: 1st school for the deaf ā¢ 1832: 1st school for the blind; the system of Braille was constructed
- 14. WOMENāS RIGHTS ļ¬ Sojourner Truth ā¢ Free slave in 1827 ā¢ Effective womenās rights leader ā¢ Fought against slavery ā¢ Traveled all over the nation, giving speeches ā¢ Pres. Lincoln chose her to be a counselor to the freedmen in Washington
- 15. ļ¬ Elizabeth Stanton ā¢ Fought for womenās rights ā¢ Womenās suffrage (the right to vote) ā¢ Womenās equality in the home, work, education, church, own property ā¢ Seneca Falls Convention ā¢ Wrote āDeclaration of Sentimentsā ā¢ Similar to the Declaration of Independence ā¢ Advocated that women were created equal, too.
- 16. ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT: 1830 a person who wants to end slavery nationwide ļ¬ Frederick Douglas ā¢ Runaway slaved that spoke out against slavery as a slave and while in hiding. ā¢ Taught himself how to read and write. ā¢ Wrote a book about his life as a slave. ā¢ 1847, white friends bought his freedom.
- 17. ļ¬ Harriet Tubman ā¢ āBlack Mosesā ā¢ Runaway slave ā¢ Risking her freedom and life, she returned to the South 19 times, freeing over 300 slaves ā¢ Underground Railroad: network of abolitionists, helping slaves escape to North or Canada (STORY) It was a chain of homes and farms where escaped slaves could go her help.
- 18. ļ¬ William Lloyd Garrison ā¢ White abolitionist ā¢ 1831 Wrote āThe Liberatorā antislavery newspaper ā¢ Told Congress and the world that slavery must be abolished ā¢ Est. National Antislavery Society
- 19. ļ¬ Harriet Beecher Stowe ā¢ āUncleās Tom Cabinā 1852 ā¢ Was a slave who was whipped to death by his master ā¢ Shows the evils of slavery and the injustice of the Fugitive Slave Act. ā¢ The gains wide support in the North: saw slavery as a moral issue ā¢ South objective to the book: did not show the true picture of a slaveās life. Book was banned in the South