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Go Green
SASIKUMAR VK ; Professor [ BTE ] ,
                   METS School Of Engineering




                                                    KRISHNADAS;
AJAL.A.J ;                                    Assistant Professor [ CSE ] ,
Assistant Professor [ ECE ] ,                      SAHRDAYA CET
FISAT - KOCHI


                                PAPER TITLE
E waste
e-waste: Definition
Ar e those electronic
equipments/ products that
connect with power plug,
batteries which have become
obsolete due to :
 - advancement in technology
 - changes in fashion, style and status
 - nearing the end of their useful life
E waste
ELECTRONIC WASTE

Electronic waste, "e-waste" or
"Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment" ("WEEE") is a
waste consisting of any broken
or unwanted electrical or
electronic appliance.


It is a point of concern
considering that many
components of such equipment
are considered toxic and are not
biodegradable.
•   Washing Machine
                    •   Cartridges
•   Mobile Phones •     Military electronic
•   Computers       •   Mother board
•   Servers
                    •   Alarm
•   Telecom
                    •   Sirens
•   TV
                    •   Automobile Catalytic
•   Calculators         Converter
•   Audio           •   Sensor
•   Scanners        •   CD
•   Printers        •   Security Device
•   Air Conditioner
•   Microwave



    Classification: types of e-waste
E-waste at the manufacturers gates!
    Photo | September 5, 2005




http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/Multimedia/Photos/e-waste-at-the-manufacturers-g/
E waste
E waste
What is E-Waste…
    E-Waste constitutes end of life electronic and electrical equipment
    Hazardous: Contains toxic elements and has to be treated in an
      environmentally friendly manner

    Data security: Business, Financial and legal data might be extracted by
      unscrupulous recyclers

    Regulatory: E
                 -Waste should be given to only CPCB approved recyclers

    Source for Metals: Less energy intensive and cheaper source for base and
      precious metals. Lowers the carbon footprint

    Sustainable: As the demand for metals is growing recycling would play a
      major part in ensuring sustainable development




                                                                           11
Why is eWaste a Problem?



                                                Increasing
             Increased               More         Human
  Rapid
             Consumer      More    Hazardous      Health
Technology
             Electronic   eWaste    Materials      Risks
 Changes
             Purchases             Landfilled
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
The e-waste problem
The e-waste problem
E waste
E waste
E waste
E waste
source: www.etoxics.org
E waste
E waste
International cooperation in e-waste management




             Dakar                       Guiyu




                                                 Bangalore
    Bogotá
                        Cape Town   30
Sustainable Recycling Industries
(new programme funded by Swiss SECO))

   Policies & Standards for Responsible Recycling (global)



                 India                         South Africa
        Hazardous substances in        Recycling of cooling and freezing
           (WEEE) plastics                        appliances




                          Ghana & Egypt
                  Sustainable management of e-waste



   Life Cycle Inventories (Brazil, Egypt, India, South Africa)
                                  31
E-waste is the fastest groing waste stream



                                           2012 total:
                                         ~45 mln tonnes




                                             Source: Huisman 2012
                            32
Key message 1




  E-waste is the fastest groing waste
                stream




                   33
Key message 2




    E-waste can contain hazardous
substances and its improper treatment
  leads to adverse effects for human
      health and the environment



                  34
Hazardous substances in EEE
Substance                           Occurence in EEE                    Possible adverse effects

PBDEs, PBBs                         Flame retardants in plastics        Hormonal effects, under thermal treatment possible
                                                                        formation of dioxines and furanes

Polychlorinated                     Condensers, transformers            Cancer, effects on the immune system, reproductive
biphenyls (PCB)                                                         system, nervous system, endocrine system and other
                                                                        health effects

Chlorofluorocarbo                   Cooling units, insulation foam      deleterious effect on the ozone layer -> increased
n (CFC)                                                                 incidence of skin cancer / genetic damage

Americium (Am)                      Smoke detectors                     radioactive element

Antimony                            Flame retardants in plastics        carcinogenic potential

Arsenic                             gallium arsenide inlight emitting   skin diseases, decrease nerve conduction velocity, lung
                                    diodes                              cancer
                                                                        brain swelling, muscle weakness, damage to the heart, liver
Barium                              Getters in CRT                      and spleen

Cadmium                             NiCd-batteries, fluorescent layer   symptoms of poisoning (weakness, fever, headache, chills,
                                    (CRT screens), printer inks and     sweating and muscular pain), lung cancer and kidney
                                    toners                              damage
                                                                        irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes, DNA
Chromium VI                         Data tapes, floppy-disks            damage
                                                                        vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma or even death,
                                    CRT screens, batteries, printed     appetite loss, abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue,
Lead                                wiring boards                       sleeplessness, irritability and headache

                                    Fluorescent lamps, some alkaline brain and liver damage
Mercury                             batteries, switches              35
 © Empa/Switzerland, 20 July 2009
Improper treatment of e-waste
(e.g. India / China)
Issues related to improper treatment of e-waste




Ref: Sepúlveda, A, Schluep M, et al. 2010. A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances
released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review. 30(1):28–41.                      37
Example dioxine emissions from cable burning

■ Dioxine emission from cable
  burning is one of the main issues
  in many developing countries


■ Observation Accra/Ghana
   ■ ~200 kg cable are burnt per hour
   ■ 10-20% from e-waste
      (rest mainly from cars)


■ Extrapolated to West Africa
  3-7 % of total European Dioxine
  emissions to air




                                        38
Key message 3




 E-waste contains valuable resources
 which offers opportunities for urban
      mining and job creation




                  39
At least 57 elements are used in EEE




                        Nicht gleich Wert




                                            (Source: Behrendt et al. 2007)
                                40
Primary vs. secondary ore deposits

                     Primary Ore         Secondary Ore
                         [g/t]               [g/t]

                                     Device          PWB

           Gold           9            280           1’400

         Palladium        5            73             370

          Platinum        3             3             14




                                                               Source: Empa, Graedel
          Gallium        100           23             118

          Lithium    7’000-20’000    10’000-20’000 (Battery)

                                41
E waste
What Are The Toxic Components?




www.news.bbc.co.uk                 Electronic Waste Recycling
Status of end of life computers
What’s Inside your PC ?


            PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - Cable insulation,
            plastic cases


            PBDE's (Polybrominated diphenyl ethers )
             added to plastic case wire insulation

            Beryllium - Power supply boxes which contain
            silicon controlled rectifiers

            Lead – CRT’s {screen, frit,neck }
             PC’s {batteries, printed wiring boards}


            Lithium - Li-batteries


            Mercury provide back-lighting in LCD's, in
            some alkaline batteries and switches
Lead in CRT’s
Of the amount of lead contained in a PC, the majority is embedded in glass that makes up the
monitor’s cathode ray tube (CRT).

A CRT is comprised of a panel (the monitor face), the funnel, the neck and the frit.

The majority of the lead is found in the frit, which is the material used to hold panel to
funnel

The total lead in a CRT constitutes, on average, 2.08 pounds for a 17 inch monitor7




     Panel CRT                        0-2% lead


     Frit                             65-75% lead


     Funnel glass                     22-25% lead


     Neck
(that holds the electron gun)         28-30% lead
End of life TV sets
Current e-Waste Handling…

                           Circuit Board Open Burning                               Cable Burning in Open




                                       Acid Stripping                              CRT Cracking & Dumping




All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed.   11/04/12   48
E Waste Recycling Process…
                                                                     E-WASTE


                                                                 SEGREGATION



     GLASS                                                         SHREDDING



                                           PLASTIC                                      ALUMINIU                                    NON-
                                                                                                                     IRON
                                                                                           M                                      FERROUS

                                                          NON-
                       RECYCLABLE                                                                                           METALLURGICAL
                                                       RECYCLABLE
                                                                                                                               PROCESS


                                                          Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                                   METALS



                                        CARBON
                                                                         Furnace Oil                           Gas
                                         BLACK


All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed.                11/04/12    49
Pollution control equipments (i)




                       CRT dismantling area
       hood
Pollution control equipments (ii)




cyclone and dust collector   6 m high chimney
Storage of hazardous waste




batteries, condensators and   tapes   CRT glass
capacitors
Modern Recycling Plants




All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed.   11/04/12   53
Occupational safety and health
          equipments




                     fire extinguisher
protective glass,
                     and first aid kit
mask and gloves
1 . Segregation and storage




storage of received material
2. Storage (i)




storage boxes for large size segregated material
3.Functional testing




service room           computer testing
4. Dismantling




dismantling of non-functional appliances   dismantling of CRT
                                           tubes
5.Scrap recovery




segregation of CPU   tools used for dismantling and segregation
components
Why Do We Need National Legislation?


Current eWaste regulations create uneven regulatory regime
 • Some states/localities have already enacted legislation

 • Difficult for manufacturers to comply state-to-state

 • Only large-quantity generators are regulated

 • Majority of eWaste created by households & smaller quantity
  generators – not currently regulated




                                                 Electronic Waste Recycling
RE-MANUFACTURING
                         is next best :

      Dis-assemble old eqpt and use parts for repair of
               similar items or use in new items,
     e.g. old memory and hard drives into simpler CPUs
                           for schools.

               RE-USE IS THE BEST POLICY
                 even for defective items :
 cell-phones for SMS for deaf & dumb, keyboard + monitor for typing
  classes, VCR used as VCP, TVs downgraded, washing - machines for
  manual use.
Industrial eWaste from control panels or phone exchanges for ? ? ? ? ?
eWaste Recycling is a thriving
         business
          in India
  Copper, silver,   gold, platinum, palladium
  are recovered in secrecy by highly
    polluting methods: burning of PCBs,
   treatment with acids or cyanide salts,
  mostly from imported scrap.
  Gas displays & tubes are dumped.
INDIA NEEDS A
MANDATORY
e -TAKE - BACK POLICY
like the EU’s Directive 94/62/EC of 1994,
or EU’s 1998 Ordinance on Avoidance
   & Recovery of Packaging Waste.
In Germany, Duales System (a Ltd
  Co) organises the nationwide
  collection, sorting & recycling of
  post-consumer packaging,
  funded pro-rata by user firms.
  See www.gruener-punkt.de
E waste
E waste
The European Waste
          Strategy

Reduce the           Reduce the
hazardousnes         impacts on the
s of waste           environment




   Reduce the amount of waste
bizarre crafts created from e-waste.
EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

                 EPR
EPR means full life-cycle accountability:

Producers of products must be made
financially, physically and legally
responsible for their products till the end.
This encourages reduced resource and energy use + pollution
  prevention thru less hazardous & more recyclable mat’ls.
Manufacturer Responsibilities
Notify Retailers About Covered
  Products (April 1st each year and
  per DTSC regulations)
Provide Information to Consumer
   – Where To Recycle
   – How to Recycle
   – Where to Return
   – How to Dispose
   – Provide Toll-Free Number &
     Internet Web Site (
     www.eRecycle.org)
E waste
THE FOUR STEP
BUSINESS PLAN
… Please !!!
EFFECTS ON HUMANS:
 In a study spearheaded by the EWG, researchers at two major lab-
oratories found an average of 200 industrial compounds, pollutants,
   and other chemicals in 10 newborn babies, with a total of 287
                   chemicals found in the group.
Cadmium in
      Plastics in cables
                            batteries




Lead in solder joints
Burning of Circuit Board on stove
WASTE AS A RESOURCE:
 WASTE MANAGEMENT


e - Waste Recycling is a
thriving business in India
Producer Responsiblity in practice
    - producers view

                         design




    recycling                        manufacturing



            how to close the gap ?


         use / service            market
                                            77
Producer Responsiblity in
           practice
      - producers view
                            design for
                             recycling



  recycling
                                           Use of recycled
 technology
                                             materials
development
                       cost advantage




       use / service                     market
                                                    78
Processes
1.   Collection and storage
2.   Segregation
3.   Functional Testing
4.   Dismantling
5.   Scrap recovery
2. Storage (ii)

storage bins for small size segregated material




flat wires           CPUs                 plastic from watches
Process flow
                                        Collection of
                                          e-waste



                                      Segregation and                                Sale to metal
                                                               Metal scrap
                                          storage                                      recycler

                                                                                    Sale to plastic
                                                               Plastic scrap
                                        Examination of                                 recycler
 Eventual add of        Eventual
                                       refurbishment or
  components         refurbishment
                                      reuse possibilities                         Sale to authorized
                                                                 Batteries
                                                                                   battery recyclers

Manufacture of new   Sale to second
                                         Dismantling
    products          hand market                                                   Large e-waste
                                                                CRT glass
                                                                                       recycler

                                                            PCB Boards of low        Sale to PCB
                      Recovery of                            and high quality         smelters
                                      Recovery of scrap
                        reusable
                      components                              Non recyclable         Storage until
                                                             hazardous waste      hazwaste landfill is
                                                            (e.g. backup tapes)   operational (TSDF)
Collection , Transportation and
    Recycling of Dry Waste
    ( e – WASTE COLLECTION UNIT )


     Hou                                           nts
           se                                  ura
                to
                     H ou                 Resta
                            se

        Airport               RECYCLING
                            House to House             Hotel

                   n             CENTRE
               tio
         y Sta                                   Indu
                                                     stri
      lwa                                                   es
  Rai
                   als                    Ins
               pit                            tit
           Hos                                    ut   es
e-Waste: Growth
Three categories of WEEE account for
almost 90% of the generation:

Large Household appliances: 42.1%

Information and communications:     33.9%
technology equipment

Consumer Electronics: 13.7%
Pollution Control Equipment



   Chimney with hood (height 6 m)
   CRT dismantling chamber with vacuum
   Cyclone and dust collector
   Separate storage for hazardous wastes

Air pollution monitoring certificate available from
  certified Laboratory.
Recycling rates of metals
  –Investigation of 62 different metals

  –The metals are grouped into four categories
      •9 ferrous metals: iron, manganese, nickel, chromium etc.
      •8 non-ferrous metals: aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, magnesium etc.
      •8 precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium etc.
      •37 specialty metals: indium, gallium, lithium, tantalum, rare earth metals,
  tellurium etc.

   –Only a few metals, like iron and platinum, currently have an end-of-life recycling
rate of above 50%
   –The most important metric is the end-of-life recycling rate
      •A high end-of-life recycling rate for a metal indicates a high efficiency of
   the related post -consumer recycling system
Global Sustainability

 Sustainability
 “ability of a current generation to meet its needs without
 compromising the future generation to meet theirs”

 The Chalenge
 How to maintain the balance ?
     Society – preserve human health
     Economy – assure economic growth
     Environment – save the planet
Practical Actions

 Work for the preservation of the planet

    Society – intelligent consumption
    Economy – environmental business
    Environment – green products and process
The problem


             recyclability




  toxicity
                     energy
Assessment methodology & analysis

Component 1               Component 2


                         Product       Waste
             Consume                   Collect                         Recover                         Dispose
                                                      Function         Material          Energy


       Importers
      Manufacturers
           v                                                                        v
                            Consumer    Collection   2nd hand Market    Recyclers       Inciniration   Disposal



     Retailer & Trader
India generates close to

500,000 tons e-waste p.a.
Expected to touch a million ton by 2011
CAT ON THE WALL
Sources, Effects and Disposal of e-Waste - Special Focus On Four Metro Cities
WASTE PILING UP
Broad break up appears as under:
Mumbai      :     50,000 tons
Delhi       :     35,000
Bangalore   :     30,000
Chennai     :     25,000
Kolkata     :     19,000
Ahmedabad :       14,000
Hyderabad :       13,000
Pune        :     10,000
Indore      :      8,000
Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
E waste
Import container unloading in
         New Delhi
E waste
E waste
E waste
Pollution from
       Recycling of Imported Waste  




Acid bath to take metals from   IC chips are removed from PCB
PCB                             by using heat.
e-Waste Disposal Methods


•   Internal Reallocation
•   Sell at Auction
•   Sell to certified eWaste Buyers
•   Return to Originating Supplier, at no cost
•   Pay an eWaste Recycler to dispose
HOW E-WASTE CAN BE MANAGED?
Reference
NEWTON’S WORDS




         The greatest discovery of Newton is the gravitational
force. Newton always wondered at the absence of a
gravitational repulsive force. Such puzzles and wonders made
him realize the limitations of his model. This is clearly seen
when he said,           ”I am like a child playing on the shore
with pebbles and shells while whole ocean lies before me”
Let’s Jointly Sustain a Green Environment!
 All the precedents and working models are there before us. Let us now act !




                                                                 Thank you.


           U can catch me @ https://www.facebook.com/ajal4u
All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed.   11/04/12   104
Thank you for your attention
E waste
“Education is the
manifestation      of
perfection already in
the man”

-Swami Vivekananda
E waste

More Related Content

E waste

  • 2. SASIKUMAR VK ; Professor [ BTE ] , METS School Of Engineering KRISHNADAS; AJAL.A.J ; Assistant Professor [ CSE ] , Assistant Professor [ ECE ] , SAHRDAYA CET FISAT - KOCHI PAPER TITLE
  • 4. e-waste: Definition Ar e those electronic equipments/ products that connect with power plug, batteries which have become obsolete due to : - advancement in technology - changes in fashion, style and status - nearing the end of their useful life
  • 6. ELECTRONIC WASTE Electronic waste, "e-waste" or "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment" ("WEEE") is a waste consisting of any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. It is a point of concern considering that many components of such equipment are considered toxic and are not biodegradable.
  • 7. Washing Machine • Cartridges • Mobile Phones • Military electronic • Computers • Mother board • Servers • Alarm • Telecom • Sirens • TV • Automobile Catalytic • Calculators Converter • Audio • Sensor • Scanners • CD • Printers • Security Device • Air Conditioner • Microwave Classification: types of e-waste
  • 8. E-waste at the manufacturers gates! Photo | September 5, 2005 http://www.greenpeace.org/india/en/Multimedia/Photos/e-waste-at-the-manufacturers-g/
  • 11. What is E-Waste…  E-Waste constitutes end of life electronic and electrical equipment  Hazardous: Contains toxic elements and has to be treated in an environmentally friendly manner  Data security: Business, Financial and legal data might be extracted by unscrupulous recyclers  Regulatory: E -Waste should be given to only CPCB approved recyclers  Source for Metals: Less energy intensive and cheaper source for base and precious metals. Lowers the carbon footprint  Sustainable: As the demand for metals is growing recycling would play a major part in ensuring sustainable development 11
  • 12. Why is eWaste a Problem? Increasing Increased More Human Rapid Consumer More Hazardous Health Technology Electronic eWaste Materials Risks Changes Purchases Landfilled
  • 30. International cooperation in e-waste management Dakar Guiyu Bangalore Bogotá Cape Town 30
  • 31. Sustainable Recycling Industries (new programme funded by Swiss SECO)) Policies & Standards for Responsible Recycling (global) India South Africa Hazardous substances in Recycling of cooling and freezing (WEEE) plastics appliances Ghana & Egypt Sustainable management of e-waste Life Cycle Inventories (Brazil, Egypt, India, South Africa) 31
  • 32. E-waste is the fastest groing waste stream 2012 total: ~45 mln tonnes Source: Huisman 2012 32
  • 33. Key message 1 E-waste is the fastest groing waste stream 33
  • 34. Key message 2 E-waste can contain hazardous substances and its improper treatment leads to adverse effects for human health and the environment 34
  • 35. Hazardous substances in EEE Substance Occurence in EEE Possible adverse effects PBDEs, PBBs Flame retardants in plastics Hormonal effects, under thermal treatment possible formation of dioxines and furanes Polychlorinated Condensers, transformers Cancer, effects on the immune system, reproductive biphenyls (PCB) system, nervous system, endocrine system and other health effects Chlorofluorocarbo Cooling units, insulation foam deleterious effect on the ozone layer -> increased n (CFC) incidence of skin cancer / genetic damage Americium (Am) Smoke detectors radioactive element Antimony Flame retardants in plastics carcinogenic potential Arsenic gallium arsenide inlight emitting skin diseases, decrease nerve conduction velocity, lung diodes cancer brain swelling, muscle weakness, damage to the heart, liver Barium Getters in CRT and spleen Cadmium NiCd-batteries, fluorescent layer symptoms of poisoning (weakness, fever, headache, chills, (CRT screens), printer inks and sweating and muscular pain), lung cancer and kidney toners damage irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes, DNA Chromium VI Data tapes, floppy-disks damage vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, coma or even death, CRT screens, batteries, printed appetite loss, abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, Lead wiring boards sleeplessness, irritability and headache Fluorescent lamps, some alkaline brain and liver damage Mercury batteries, switches 35 © Empa/Switzerland, 20 July 2009
  • 36. Improper treatment of e-waste (e.g. India / China)
  • 37. Issues related to improper treatment of e-waste Ref: Sepúlveda, A, Schluep M, et al. 2010. A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: Examples from China and India. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 30(1):28–41. 37
  • 38. Example dioxine emissions from cable burning ■ Dioxine emission from cable burning is one of the main issues in many developing countries ■ Observation Accra/Ghana ■ ~200 kg cable are burnt per hour ■ 10-20% from e-waste (rest mainly from cars) ■ Extrapolated to West Africa 3-7 % of total European Dioxine emissions to air 38
  • 39. Key message 3 E-waste contains valuable resources which offers opportunities for urban mining and job creation 39
  • 40. At least 57 elements are used in EEE Nicht gleich Wert (Source: Behrendt et al. 2007) 40
  • 41. Primary vs. secondary ore deposits Primary Ore Secondary Ore [g/t] [g/t] Device PWB Gold 9 280 1’400 Palladium 5 73 370 Platinum 3 3 14 Source: Empa, Graedel Gallium 100 23 118 Lithium 7’000-20’000 10’000-20’000 (Battery) 41
  • 43. What Are The Toxic Components? www.news.bbc.co.uk Electronic Waste Recycling
  • 44. Status of end of life computers
  • 45. What’s Inside your PC ? PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - Cable insulation, plastic cases PBDE's (Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ) added to plastic case wire insulation Beryllium - Power supply boxes which contain silicon controlled rectifiers Lead – CRT’s {screen, frit,neck } PC’s {batteries, printed wiring boards} Lithium - Li-batteries Mercury provide back-lighting in LCD's, in some alkaline batteries and switches
  • 46. Lead in CRT’s Of the amount of lead contained in a PC, the majority is embedded in glass that makes up the monitor’s cathode ray tube (CRT). A CRT is comprised of a panel (the monitor face), the funnel, the neck and the frit. The majority of the lead is found in the frit, which is the material used to hold panel to funnel The total lead in a CRT constitutes, on average, 2.08 pounds for a 17 inch monitor7 Panel CRT 0-2% lead Frit 65-75% lead Funnel glass 22-25% lead Neck (that holds the electron gun) 28-30% lead
  • 47. End of life TV sets
  • 48. Current e-Waste Handling… Circuit Board Open Burning Cable Burning in Open Acid Stripping CRT Cracking & Dumping All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed. 11/04/12 48
  • 49. E Waste Recycling Process… E-WASTE SEGREGATION GLASS SHREDDING PLASTIC ALUMINIU NON- IRON M FERROUS NON- RECYCLABLE METALLURGICAL RECYCLABLE PROCESS Pyrolysis METALS CARBON Furnace Oil Gas BLACK All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed. 11/04/12 49
  • 50. Pollution control equipments (i) CRT dismantling area hood
  • 51. Pollution control equipments (ii) cyclone and dust collector 6 m high chimney
  • 52. Storage of hazardous waste batteries, condensators and tapes CRT glass capacitors
  • 53. Modern Recycling Plants All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed. 11/04/12 53
  • 54. Occupational safety and health equipments fire extinguisher protective glass, and first aid kit mask and gloves
  • 55. 1 . Segregation and storage storage of received material
  • 56. 2. Storage (i) storage boxes for large size segregated material
  • 58. 4. Dismantling dismantling of non-functional appliances dismantling of CRT tubes
  • 59. 5.Scrap recovery segregation of CPU tools used for dismantling and segregation components
  • 60. Why Do We Need National Legislation? Current eWaste regulations create uneven regulatory regime • Some states/localities have already enacted legislation • Difficult for manufacturers to comply state-to-state • Only large-quantity generators are regulated • Majority of eWaste created by households & smaller quantity generators – not currently regulated Electronic Waste Recycling
  • 61. RE-MANUFACTURING is next best : Dis-assemble old eqpt and use parts for repair of similar items or use in new items, e.g. old memory and hard drives into simpler CPUs for schools. RE-USE IS THE BEST POLICY even for defective items : cell-phones for SMS for deaf & dumb, keyboard + monitor for typing classes, VCR used as VCP, TVs downgraded, washing - machines for manual use. Industrial eWaste from control panels or phone exchanges for ? ? ? ? ?
  • 62. eWaste Recycling is a thriving business in India Copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium are recovered in secrecy by highly polluting methods: burning of PCBs, treatment with acids or cyanide salts, mostly from imported scrap. Gas displays & tubes are dumped.
  • 63. INDIA NEEDS A MANDATORY e -TAKE - BACK POLICY like the EU’s Directive 94/62/EC of 1994, or EU’s 1998 Ordinance on Avoidance & Recovery of Packaging Waste. In Germany, Duales System (a Ltd Co) organises the nationwide collection, sorting & recycling of post-consumer packaging, funded pro-rata by user firms. See www.gruener-punkt.de
  • 66. The European Waste Strategy Reduce the Reduce the hazardousnes impacts on the s of waste environment Reduce the amount of waste
  • 67. bizarre crafts created from e-waste.
  • 68. EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY EPR EPR means full life-cycle accountability: Producers of products must be made financially, physically and legally responsible for their products till the end. This encourages reduced resource and energy use + pollution prevention thru less hazardous & more recyclable mat’ls.
  • 69. Manufacturer Responsibilities Notify Retailers About Covered Products (April 1st each year and per DTSC regulations) Provide Information to Consumer – Where To Recycle – How to Recycle – Where to Return – How to Dispose – Provide Toll-Free Number & Internet Web Site ( www.eRecycle.org)
  • 73. EFFECTS ON HUMANS: In a study spearheaded by the EWG, researchers at two major lab- oratories found an average of 200 industrial compounds, pollutants, and other chemicals in 10 newborn babies, with a total of 287 chemicals found in the group.
  • 74. Cadmium in Plastics in cables batteries Lead in solder joints
  • 75. Burning of Circuit Board on stove
  • 76. WASTE AS A RESOURCE: WASTE MANAGEMENT e - Waste Recycling is a thriving business in India
  • 77. Producer Responsiblity in practice - producers view design recycling manufacturing how to close the gap ? use / service market 77
  • 78. Producer Responsiblity in practice - producers view design for recycling recycling Use of recycled technology materials development cost advantage use / service market 78
  • 79. Processes 1. Collection and storage 2. Segregation 3. Functional Testing 4. Dismantling 5. Scrap recovery
  • 80. 2. Storage (ii) storage bins for small size segregated material flat wires CPUs plastic from watches
  • 81. Process flow Collection of e-waste Segregation and Sale to metal Metal scrap storage recycler Sale to plastic Plastic scrap Examination of recycler Eventual add of Eventual refurbishment or components refurbishment reuse possibilities Sale to authorized Batteries battery recyclers Manufacture of new Sale to second Dismantling products hand market Large e-waste CRT glass recycler PCB Boards of low Sale to PCB Recovery of and high quality smelters Recovery of scrap reusable components Non recyclable Storage until hazardous waste hazwaste landfill is (e.g. backup tapes) operational (TSDF)
  • 82. Collection , Transportation and Recycling of Dry Waste ( e – WASTE COLLECTION UNIT ) Hou nts se ura to H ou Resta se Airport RECYCLING House to House Hotel n CENTRE tio y Sta Indu stri lwa es Rai als Ins pit tit Hos ut es
  • 83. e-Waste: Growth Three categories of WEEE account for almost 90% of the generation: Large Household appliances: 42.1% Information and communications: 33.9% technology equipment Consumer Electronics: 13.7%
  • 84. Pollution Control Equipment  Chimney with hood (height 6 m)  CRT dismantling chamber with vacuum  Cyclone and dust collector  Separate storage for hazardous wastes Air pollution monitoring certificate available from certified Laboratory.
  • 85. Recycling rates of metals –Investigation of 62 different metals –The metals are grouped into four categories •9 ferrous metals: iron, manganese, nickel, chromium etc. •8 non-ferrous metals: aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, magnesium etc. •8 precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium etc. •37 specialty metals: indium, gallium, lithium, tantalum, rare earth metals, tellurium etc. –Only a few metals, like iron and platinum, currently have an end-of-life recycling rate of above 50% –The most important metric is the end-of-life recycling rate •A high end-of-life recycling rate for a metal indicates a high efficiency of the related post -consumer recycling system
  • 86. Global Sustainability Sustainability “ability of a current generation to meet its needs without compromising the future generation to meet theirs” The Chalenge How to maintain the balance ? Society – preserve human health Economy – assure economic growth Environment – save the planet Practical Actions Work for the preservation of the planet Society – intelligent consumption Economy – environmental business Environment – green products and process
  • 87. The problem recyclability toxicity energy
  • 88. Assessment methodology & analysis Component 1 Component 2 Product Waste Consume Collect Recover Dispose Function Material Energy Importers Manufacturers v v Consumer Collection 2nd hand Market Recyclers Inciniration Disposal Retailer & Trader
  • 89. India generates close to 500,000 tons e-waste p.a. Expected to touch a million ton by 2011
  • 90. CAT ON THE WALL
  • 91. Sources, Effects and Disposal of e-Waste - Special Focus On Four Metro Cities
  • 92. WASTE PILING UP Broad break up appears as under: Mumbai : 50,000 tons Delhi : 35,000 Bangalore : 30,000 Chennai : 25,000 Kolkata : 19,000 Ahmedabad : 14,000 Hyderabad : 13,000 Pune : 10,000 Indore : 8,000
  • 93. Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
  • 99. Pollution from Recycling of Imported Waste   Acid bath to take metals from IC chips are removed from PCB PCB by using heat.
  • 100. e-Waste Disposal Methods • Internal Reallocation • Sell at Auction • Sell to certified eWaste Buyers • Return to Originating Supplier, at no cost • Pay an eWaste Recycler to dispose
  • 101. HOW E-WASTE CAN BE MANAGED?
  • 103. NEWTON’S WORDS The greatest discovery of Newton is the gravitational force. Newton always wondered at the absence of a gravitational repulsive force. Such puzzles and wonders made him realize the limitations of his model. This is clearly seen when he said, ”I am like a child playing on the shore with pebbles and shells while whole ocean lies before me”
  • 104. Let’s Jointly Sustain a Green Environment! All the precedents and working models are there before us. Let us now act ! Thank you. U can catch me @ https://www.facebook.com/ajal4u All content is the proprietary and confidential property of ATTERO Recycling, not to be copy or distributed. 11/04/12 104
  • 105. Thank you for your attention
  • 107. “Education is the manifestation of perfection already in the man” -Swami Vivekananda

Editor's Notes

  1. Moore’s Law: Gordon Moore, cofounder of Intel predicted that computer processor speeds would double every eighteen months. 1965 idea behind it is the main driver of legislation for recycling eWaste. Technology changes rapidly New software for computer applications such as streaming music and videos and animating presentations are not supported by older systems. But its relatively cheap to replace them with computers that can support the technology. (Click away.)
  2. These materials could cause harm to the kidney, brain and nervous system function or cause cancer. According to the EPA, the most common method for human exposure to these chemicals is through their leaching into bodies of water and bioaccumulating in the animals we eat. Texas Senate Research Center
  3. Power supplies Ask what they do with the glass
  4. refaire les 3 tit images
  5. The Electronic Waste Recycling and Consumer Protection Act proposes that recycling of eWaste be promoted by offering tax credits of $8 per unit for recyclers who collect 5000 or more units and $15 per unit for consumers who bring their ewaste to be recycled. The Act also calls for ewaste to fall under a stricter category of waste than simply solid waste and eventually, once adequate collection programs exist, become unlawful to dispose of. The Act also prescribes an EPA feasibility study to review the collecting of advance recycling fees, collecting of end of life fees and the possibility of holding manufacturers responsible for the cost of recycling. After one year of enactment the EPA would also be required to assess the success of the program and the possibility of including other electronic waste streams in the Act.
  6. It will be up to manufacturers to notify retailers of those electronic products on which to charge fees.   But another aspect of this law is that manufacturers can play a key role in consumer education. Where to return obsolete electronic products for recycling or disposal, how to properly handle and what toll-free phone numbers to call for help will go a long way in resolving this dilemma.
  7. To our knowledge this work represents the first reported cord blood tests for 261 of the targeted chemicals, and the first reported detections of at least 209 chemicals. Scientists refer to this contamination as a person's body burden. The study found a broad array of pollutants that collectively are known to present potential risks to nearly every organ and system in the body:• Of the 287 chemicals found in newborn umbilical cord blood, 180 cause cancer in humans or animals, 217 are toxic to the brain and nervous system, and 208 cause developmental problems. The dangers of exposure to these chemicals in combination has never been studied.• We detected 287 chemicals of 413 tested (69 percent) in umbilical cord blood samples from 10 newborn babies, with a range of between 154 and 231 for each child. We found 101 chemicals in all babies tested.• Our tests targeted nine chemical classes; we detected at least half of the analyzed chemicals in each class.
  8. Use pictures or samples to point out the many materials in PCs Add crt picture lead Add lcd picture, mercury Add flame retardants in plastics
  9. TSDF = Transfer Storage Disposal Facilities
  10. These are two typical pollution of e-waste recycling in Guiyu. Left hand side is the process using acid to take gold and other metals from printed circuit board. They do not treat wastewater, just discharge it into rivers. Right hand side is the process removing IC tip and solders from printed circuit board, using heat. There are hundreds of such workshop in this area. Several chemicals might cause air pollution.