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Elements And Principles of Art

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This document defines and provides examples of the elements and principles of art. The elements are line, color, value, shape, form, space, and texture. The principles are balance, emphasis, contrast, rhythm and movement, pattern and repetition, unity, and variety. They are the basic building blocks and organizational tools used to create visual artworks. Examples of artists who exemplified the use of these elements and principles in their works are provided.

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The Elements and Principles of Art
The Elements of Art The building blocks or ingredients of art.
LINE A mark with length and direction. A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point. Ansel Adams Gustave Caillebotte
Pablo Picasso
C O L O R Consists of Hue (another word for color), Intensity (brightness) and Value (lightness or darkness). Henri Matisse Alexander Calder
V A L U E The lightness or darkness of a color. MC Escher Pablo Picasso
SHAPE An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements; 2-dimensional. Joan Miro
Gustave Caillebotte
FORM A 3-dimensional object; or something in a 2-dimensional artwork that appears to be 3-dimensional. For example, a triangle, which is 2-dimensional, is a shape, but a pyramid, which is 3-dimensional, is a form. Jean Arp Lucien Freud
S P A C E Robert Mapplethorpe Claude Monet The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things. Positive (filled with something) and Negative (empty areas). Foreground, Middleground and Background (creates DEPTH)
TEXTURE The surface quality or "feel" of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. Textures may be actual or implied.
Cecil Buller
The Principles of Art What we use to organize the Elements of Art, or the tools to make art.
B A L A N C E The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work. Alexander Calder
Symmetrical Balance The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other. Leonardo DaVinci
Asymmetrical Balance When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other. James Whistler
EMPH A SIS The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stand out the most. Jim Dine Gustav Klimt
CONTRAST A large difference between two things to create interest and tension. Ansel Adams Salvador Dali
RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM and MOVEMENT A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement. Marcel Duchamp
Vincent VanGogh
P A T T E R N and Repetition Repetition of a design. Gustav Klimt
UNITY When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image. Johannes Vermeer
 
V A R I E T Y The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work. Marc Chagall
P R O P O R T I O N The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE. Gustave Caillebotte

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Elements And Principles of Art

  • 1. The Elements and Principles of Art
  • 2. The Elements of Art The building blocks or ingredients of art.
  • 3. LINE A mark with length and direction. A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point. Ansel Adams Gustave Caillebotte
  • 5. C O L O R Consists of Hue (another word for color), Intensity (brightness) and Value (lightness or darkness). Henri Matisse Alexander Calder
  • 6. V A L U E The lightness or darkness of a color. MC Escher Pablo Picasso
  • 7. SHAPE An enclosed area defined and determined by other art elements; 2-dimensional. Joan Miro
  • 9. FORM A 3-dimensional object; or something in a 2-dimensional artwork that appears to be 3-dimensional. For example, a triangle, which is 2-dimensional, is a shape, but a pyramid, which is 3-dimensional, is a form. Jean Arp Lucien Freud
  • 10. S P A C E Robert Mapplethorpe Claude Monet The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things. Positive (filled with something) and Negative (empty areas). Foreground, Middleground and Background (creates DEPTH)
  • 11. TEXTURE The surface quality or "feel" of an object, its smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. Textures may be actual or implied.
  • 13. The Principles of Art What we use to organize the Elements of Art, or the tools to make art.
  • 14. B A L A N C E The way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work. Alexander Calder
  • 15. Symmetrical Balance The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other. Leonardo DaVinci
  • 16. Asymmetrical Balance When one side of a composition does not reflect the design of the other. James Whistler
  • 17. EMPH A SIS The focal point of an image, or when one area or thing stand out the most. Jim Dine Gustav Klimt
  • 18. CONTRAST A large difference between two things to create interest and tension. Ansel Adams Salvador Dali
  • 19. RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM and MOVEMENT A regular repetition of elements to produce the look and feel of movement. Marcel Duchamp
  • 21. P A T T E R N and Repetition Repetition of a design. Gustav Klimt
  • 22. UNITY When all the elements and principles work together to create a pleasing image. Johannes Vermeer
  • 23.  
  • 24. V A R I E T Y The use of differences and change to increase the visual interest of the work. Marc Chagall
  • 25. P R O P O R T I O N The comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE. Gustave Caillebotte