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ESD

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Esther Lau
Esther Lau

The document summarizes the life cycle of plywood production from forest management through manufacturing and construction use. Raw material acquisition begins with harvesting trees from forests. Logs are transported to mills for processing into veneers which are dried, coated, and pressed into plywood panels. Construction generates waste materials that can be recycled such as plywood, roof tiles, and steel. Proper material handling and storage helps reduce waste, while innovative recycling turns waste into resources.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Plywood Appreciating Environment Nothing is Considered Waste Site A Forest Management(Regeneration) Site B Balai Bomba & Penyelamat Malaysia, Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan 2-Storrey Terrace House, Pandamaran, Klang Raw Material Acquisition: Harvesting system begins in the forest with the forestry activities. The tree is cut down or felled by chainsaw, harvester, or feller buncher as agreed to management regime (felling. The tree is turned into logs by removing the limbs (delimbing) and cutting it into logs of optimal length (bucking); The logs are then moved from the stump to the landing by ground vehicles, cable systems or flown to the landing by helicopter. This is followed by the resource and material transportation to the mill. Materials Energy Water` Waste Materials in Site A Aluminum 6% Pvc pipes 10% Electrical Floor tiles 3% Steel piping 6% 2% Packaging (plastic) 1% Roof tiles 35% Bricks 16% Concrete 6% Plywood 31% Steel 27% Pvc pipes 22% Plywood 21% Aluminum 3% Effluents Product Manufacturing: Steps of product manufacturing: 1. Log processing: Log is stripped off its bark. 2. Log conditioning: Logs are conditioned using steam or hot water to improve peel quality. 3. Lathing: A sharp blade peels the log, now called a block, into a continuous sheet of veneer and sorted by moisture content in preparation for drying 4. Veneer drying: This center includes redrying, where 10-20% of the veneer processed is still too wet, hence it is redried. 5. Veneer Coating: Veneers are coated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and composed into panels for hot pressing. 6. Curing: Heat and pressure are used to cure the resin, thereby bonding the veneers together to make plywood. 7. Finally the plywood panels are trimmed, squared and selected for grade. Waste Materials in Site B Electrical piping 6% Solid Waste Others Bricks 5% Emission Products Co products Building Construction Use/Maintenance WHY CONSTRUCTION WASTE IS PRODUCED IN CONSTRUCTION SITE? Construction waste materials is produced due from impacts of demolition, renovation, refurbishment, construction and site clearance. Design and the specifications contributes to the amount of waste generated when design solutions are selected or when unsuitable materials are specified. Besides that, impact from design decisions causes materials to be wasted. For example, cuttings of bricks and blocks, cutting of floor and wall tiles, and cutting of paving slabs. Construction activities during the construction process contributes to this matter whereby the amount of materials ordered from the suppliers are more than needed, materials are not handled properly, no proper storage for the materials, workers’ skills are not that sufficient in working with the materials and used as a temporary work materials. Recycle/Waste management MATERIALS HOW TO MANAGE IT PROPERLY? INNOVATIVE WAYS TO RECYCLE ANSD ITS ISSUE PLYWOOD Surplus in ordering and cutting causes the excess plywood to be moved to landfills even though these plywood are still usable. 1. Manage logs used to prevent rot by using end coating to prevent checking and adding chemicals to prevent stain and decay. 2. Proper training of manual labors in handling the plywoods to avoid damage and minimizing reject panels. 1. Mix plywood sawdust with various animal manures for weed control and composting. 2. Horse, cattle, poultry, pet bedding and can be used as cat litter. Issues: 1. Chemical treatment may be harmful to the plants 2. Needs to be free from contaminants when used for bedding and cat litter. ROOF TILES Crushing then cleaning to remove dirt and foreign particles. Finally, more care is given into the quality to produce a better product. 1. Proper handling during transportation and installation. 2. Proper storage when on site. Prevention from extreme weather is also needed. 1. Create a garden path. (Resembling garden stones) 2. Soil Stabilization Issues: 1. Chemicals that may affect the environment due to the disintegration of the tiles. STEEL HOW WASTE IS BEING GENERATED? 1. Fallen Materials – With the wind from the rain and improper storage system, materials would just topple down from being stacked by the workers 2. Improper Storage System – Workers just covering the materials using a plastic sheet and a brick to stabilize the plastic, to protect or none at all 3. Carelessness of Worker - Materials do not belong to them; they felt no sense of responsibility by damage through handling errors or storage. 4. Surplus of materials - It's better to feel safe than sorry, an addition transportation fee could be a burden making the contractor and owner to over order the materials. 5. Climate – The monsoon season making it hard to predict when it will rain or not, thus workers find it hard to protect the material at all times. CURRENTLY RECYCLE It travels from the consumer to the waste stream, recycling facility, steel making process to the new steel product and finally back to the consumer. 1. Provide bins to collect steel for collectors. 2. Consider sharing a metal recycling bin with neighboring business if volume is not enough for recycling. Avoid: 1. Surplus (Proper planning by contractors and all responsible for construction). 2. Record waste movement. Most steel are recycled to create a new product. However, large amount are needed when collecting for recycling. Issues: 1. Collection rates need to be increased. 2. Depending on local recycling capacities. INDIVIDUAL – MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT WAYS TO REDUCE AND REUSE ROOF TILES Amelia Michelle Bernard | Elaine Bong | Lau Ee Tian | Sonia Manyie RIMBA TUBES SONIA MANYIE • Return extra steel. ALUMINIUM • Reacts with phosphates which causes less phosphates in water for the water organisms. • Throw unwanted aluminum away in waste bin provided at the site. • Contain harmful fumes. • Contain toxic chemicals. • Can be use as a garbage bag. PVC PIPES THUMB PIANO/ KALIMBA LAU EE TIAN • Production of poisonous gases. • Contamination of soil and water. PLASTIC XYLOPHONE AMELIA MICHELLE BERNARD • Reduce the amount of cement consumption by using post-industrial material such as fly ash to prevent harmful pollutants from reaching the ecosystem. STEEL TAMBORINE ELAINE BONG • It is glazed with harmful toxic chemicals which can contaminate the environment. • Produces dioxins. • Can be use as a decoration. • Can be use as a temporary container.

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ESD

  • 1. Life Cycle Assessment of Plywood Appreciating Environment Nothing is Considered Waste Site A Forest Management(Regeneration) Site B Balai Bomba & Penyelamat Malaysia, Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan 2-Storrey Terrace House, Pandamaran, Klang Raw Material Acquisition: Harvesting system begins in the forest with the forestry activities. The tree is cut down or felled by chainsaw, harvester, or feller buncher as agreed to management regime (felling. The tree is turned into logs by removing the limbs (delimbing) and cutting it into logs of optimal length (bucking); The logs are then moved from the stump to the landing by ground vehicles, cable systems or flown to the landing by helicopter. This is followed by the resource and material transportation to the mill. Materials Energy Water` Waste Materials in Site A Aluminum 6% Pvc pipes 10% Electrical Floor tiles 3% Steel piping 6% 2% Packaging (plastic) 1% Roof tiles 35% Bricks 16% Concrete 6% Plywood 31% Steel 27% Pvc pipes 22% Plywood 21% Aluminum 3% Effluents Product Manufacturing: Steps of product manufacturing: 1. Log processing: Log is stripped off its bark. 2. Log conditioning: Logs are conditioned using steam or hot water to improve peel quality. 3. Lathing: A sharp blade peels the log, now called a block, into a continuous sheet of veneer and sorted by moisture content in preparation for drying 4. Veneer drying: This center includes redrying, where 10-20% of the veneer processed is still too wet, hence it is redried. 5. Veneer Coating: Veneers are coated with phenol-formaldehyde resin and composed into panels for hot pressing. 6. Curing: Heat and pressure are used to cure the resin, thereby bonding the veneers together to make plywood. 7. Finally the plywood panels are trimmed, squared and selected for grade. Waste Materials in Site B Electrical piping 6% Solid Waste Others Bricks 5% Emission Products Co products Building Construction Use/Maintenance WHY CONSTRUCTION WASTE IS PRODUCED IN CONSTRUCTION SITE? Construction waste materials is produced due from impacts of demolition, renovation, refurbishment, construction and site clearance. Design and the specifications contributes to the amount of waste generated when design solutions are selected or when unsuitable materials are specified. Besides that, impact from design decisions causes materials to be wasted. For example, cuttings of bricks and blocks, cutting of floor and wall tiles, and cutting of paving slabs. Construction activities during the construction process contributes to this matter whereby the amount of materials ordered from the suppliers are more than needed, materials are not handled properly, no proper storage for the materials, workers’ skills are not that sufficient in working with the materials and used as a temporary work materials. Recycle/Waste management MATERIALS HOW TO MANAGE IT PROPERLY? INNOVATIVE WAYS TO RECYCLE ANSD ITS ISSUE PLYWOOD Surplus in ordering and cutting causes the excess plywood to be moved to landfills even though these plywood are still usable. 1. Manage logs used to prevent rot by using end coating to prevent checking and adding chemicals to prevent stain and decay. 2. Proper training of manual labors in handling the plywoods to avoid damage and minimizing reject panels. 1. Mix plywood sawdust with various animal manures for weed control and composting. 2. Horse, cattle, poultry, pet bedding and can be used as cat litter. Issues: 1. Chemical treatment may be harmful to the plants 2. Needs to be free from contaminants when used for bedding and cat litter. ROOF TILES Crushing then cleaning to remove dirt and foreign particles. Finally, more care is given into the quality to produce a better product. 1. Proper handling during transportation and installation. 2. Proper storage when on site. Prevention from extreme weather is also needed. 1. Create a garden path. (Resembling garden stones) 2. Soil Stabilization Issues: 1. Chemicals that may affect the environment due to the disintegration of the tiles. STEEL HOW WASTE IS BEING GENERATED? 1. Fallen Materials – With the wind from the rain and improper storage system, materials would just topple down from being stacked by the workers 2. Improper Storage System – Workers just covering the materials using a plastic sheet and a brick to stabilize the plastic, to protect or none at all 3. Carelessness of Worker - Materials do not belong to them; they felt no sense of responsibility by damage through handling errors or storage. 4. Surplus of materials - It's better to feel safe than sorry, an addition transportation fee could be a burden making the contractor and owner to over order the materials. 5. Climate – The monsoon season making it hard to predict when it will rain or not, thus workers find it hard to protect the material at all times. CURRENTLY RECYCLE It travels from the consumer to the waste stream, recycling facility, steel making process to the new steel product and finally back to the consumer. 1. Provide bins to collect steel for collectors. 2. Consider sharing a metal recycling bin with neighboring business if volume is not enough for recycling. Avoid: 1. Surplus (Proper planning by contractors and all responsible for construction). 2. Record waste movement. Most steel are recycled to create a new product. However, large amount are needed when collecting for recycling. Issues: 1. Collection rates need to be increased. 2. Depending on local recycling capacities. INDIVIDUAL – MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT WAYS TO REDUCE AND REUSE ROOF TILES Amelia Michelle Bernard | Elaine Bong | Lau Ee Tian | Sonia Manyie RIMBA TUBES SONIA MANYIE • Return extra steel. ALUMINIUM • Reacts with phosphates which causes less phosphates in water for the water organisms. • Throw unwanted aluminum away in waste bin provided at the site. • Contain harmful fumes. • Contain toxic chemicals. • Can be use as a garbage bag. PVC PIPES THUMB PIANO/ KALIMBA LAU EE TIAN • Production of poisonous gases. • Contamination of soil and water. PLASTIC XYLOPHONE AMELIA MICHELLE BERNARD • Reduce the amount of cement consumption by using post-industrial material such as fly ash to prevent harmful pollutants from reaching the ecosystem. STEEL TAMBORINE ELAINE BONG • It is glazed with harmful toxic chemicals which can contaminate the environment. • Produces dioxins. • Can be use as a decoration. • Can be use as a temporary container.