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Essay writing for english language (2) body

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The document provides guidance on writing body paragraphs for English essays. It defines what a body paragraph is and its standard structure of a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. An example introduction and thesis statement are given along with examples of full body paragraphs that demonstrate how to write topic sentences and supporting details for each main point in the thesis statement. Transition words are also listed that can be used to connect ideas between sentences and paragraphs.

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Essay Writing for English Language (2) The Body Paragraph
General Objectives This lesson aims to: • Enhance students’ abilities to write well organized essays for expository purposes • Help students understand how to write an introduction for an English essay
Specific Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Write a body paragraph for an introduction given • Use the preview statement to help you write topic sentences • Write supporting details to back up the main idea in the topic sentence • Write a concluding sentence that mirrors the topic sentence • Use transition words for fluency
What is a body paragraph? • This are the paragraphs that come after the introduction and before the conclusion. • They give all the details and examples to back up the thesis statement in the introduction.
Structure of the body paragraph • Topic sentence • Supporting sentences • Concluding sentence
Structure of the body paragraph • Topic sentence – This sentence is directly linked to the preview statement (the last sentence in the introduction). • You are to choose one point from the preview statement to make the topic sentence. Turn that into a whole body paragraph.
Structure of the body paragraph • Each body paragraph focuses on only ONE idea from the preview statement in the introduction. Observe
Example of an introduction (Definition Essay) "Working part-time as a cashier at the Piggly Wiggly has given me a great opportunity to observe human behavior. Sometimes I think of the shoppers as white rats in a lab experiment, and the aisles as a maze designed by a psychologist. Most of the rats—customers, I mean—follow a routine pattern, strolling up and down the aisles, checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit hatch. But not everyone is so dependable. My research has revealed three distinct types of abnormal customers: the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler." ("Shopping at the Pig") Topic: “Abnormal Customers” Claim: “Research has revealed three distinct types”
Example of a thesis statement and preview statement • “My research has revealed three distinct types of abnormal customers: the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler." This sentence – the last sentence in the introduction – is the thesis statement and preview statement combined. The words “amnesiac”, “super shopper” and “dawdler” are the three main points he/she will develop later in the body. 1 2 3
Example of a body paragraph • The amnesiac is the shopper who comes in at all hours of the night to shop. These persons have problems sleeping. Often times, when they are having trouble at night, they use shopping to relieve their troubles. Some show up even in their pajamas and start roaming around trying to find something on the shelves. There are other amnesiacs who come into the store, who choose the daytime to shop. They have bloodshot eyes, dishevelled hair and walk around sluggishly like they are still asleep. The amnesiac is one shopper I often feel more sympathetic towards. Topic sentence
Parts of the topic sentence The amnesiac is the shopper who comes in at all hours of the night to shop. 1. The topic (of the paragraph): “The amnesiac” 2. The main idea about the topic: “comes in all hours of the night to shop”
Example of a thesis statement and preview statement • “Dogs have proven to be very useful to mankind. They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. For this example, the thesis statement is written as a different sentence from the preview statement. The preview statement highlights the three main points which will support the thesis statement: Dogs are “excellent guides, protectors and very good company” 1 2 3
Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. First of all, dogs are useful because they are excellent guides. Dogs, such as Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds, have been used as guides for the blind. They have proven to be very reliable when leading their masters. This is because they well trained and ignore distractions when they are working so their master can get to where they need to go. They are very intelligent and have made good decisions for their master. For these reasons they area dependable resource. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are useful…” Main idea: “… because they are excellent guides” Topic sentence
Exercise 1
Exercise 1 Complete the following as a group. This is an oral activity. Work together to write a body paragraph for the preview statement
Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. Secondly, dogs are a practical addition to mankind’s household because they help to protect from danger. For example, while thieves try to enter one’s house, dogs will bark and alert their owners. Also, they will attack, to prevent the thief from stealing. They even bark or attack if anyone they don’t know comes too close to their owner. This is because they have an instinct to protect. They are very territorial. Dogs are very helpful because of they nature to safeguard. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are a practical addition…” Main idea: “because they help to protect from danger” Topic sentence
Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. Thirdly, dogs are essential to humans because they give company. For instance, at nights, they act as their companions as they sleep. Some, such Americans, sleep with their dogs. Dogs have been known to sleep under their master’s window at night. Also, they make perfect playmates. They like to play catch with frisbees etc. Studies have shown that person who have a dog are least likely to be depressed. This is why some have experimented by bringing dogs to homes for the aged. Dogs are important to use for the love they give us. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are essential…” Main idea: “because they give company” Topic sentence
TIPS
IMPORTANT REMINDER To give to show time or steps/process: • Firstly, secondly, thirdly… • Next • Then • After/afterwards… • Before… • Last • Eventually • Meanwhile • Soon • In the meantime When writing body paragraphs, use the following connectives/transition words to create fluency. They help you make connection between ideas.
IMPORTANT REMINDER To add more information: • Also • Furthermore • Additionally • In addition • Moreover • Not only…but also • Along with… • As well as…
IMPORTANT REMINDER To show cause and effect: • As a result • Therefore • Thus • Hence • Consequently • Accordingly
IMPORTANT REMINDER To show similarity: • Similarly • Likewise • In comparison… • Equally… • In the same way • Like the…
IMPORTANT REMINDER To show difference: • However • In contrast • Contrastingly • On the other hand • Unlike the… • Nevertheless • Nonetheless
IMPORTANT REMINDER To show difference: • However • In contrast • Contrastingly • On the other hand • Unlike the… • Nevertheless • Nonetheless
IMPORTANT REMINDER • These connectives/transition words can be used at the start of the paragraphs and in the middle of your paragraphs (when you give supporting details).
IMPORTANT REMINDER •Always indent (start away from the margin) when you are starting a new paragraph.
Essay writing for english language (2) body

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Essay writing for english language (2) body

  • 2. General Objectives This lesson aims to: • Enhance students’ abilities to write well organized essays for expository purposes • Help students understand how to write an introduction for an English essay
  • 3. Specific Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: • Write a body paragraph for an introduction given • Use the preview statement to help you write topic sentences • Write supporting details to back up the main idea in the topic sentence • Write a concluding sentence that mirrors the topic sentence • Use transition words for fluency
  • 4. What is a body paragraph? • This are the paragraphs that come after the introduction and before the conclusion. • They give all the details and examples to back up the thesis statement in the introduction.
  • 5. Structure of the body paragraph • Topic sentence • Supporting sentences • Concluding sentence
  • 6. Structure of the body paragraph • Topic sentence – This sentence is directly linked to the preview statement (the last sentence in the introduction). • You are to choose one point from the preview statement to make the topic sentence. Turn that into a whole body paragraph.
  • 7. Structure of the body paragraph • Each body paragraph focuses on only ONE idea from the preview statement in the introduction. Observe
  • 8. Example of an introduction (Definition Essay) "Working part-time as a cashier at the Piggly Wiggly has given me a great opportunity to observe human behavior. Sometimes I think of the shoppers as white rats in a lab experiment, and the aisles as a maze designed by a psychologist. Most of the rats—customers, I mean—follow a routine pattern, strolling up and down the aisles, checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit hatch. But not everyone is so dependable. My research has revealed three distinct types of abnormal customers: the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler." ("Shopping at the Pig") Topic: “Abnormal Customers” Claim: “Research has revealed three distinct types”
  • 9. Example of a thesis statement and preview statement • “My research has revealed three distinct types of abnormal customers: the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler." This sentence – the last sentence in the introduction – is the thesis statement and preview statement combined. The words “amnesiac”, “super shopper” and “dawdler” are the three main points he/she will develop later in the body. 1 2 3
  • 10. Example of a body paragraph • The amnesiac is the shopper who comes in at all hours of the night to shop. These persons have problems sleeping. Often times, when they are having trouble at night, they use shopping to relieve their troubles. Some show up even in their pajamas and start roaming around trying to find something on the shelves. There are other amnesiacs who come into the store, who choose the daytime to shop. They have bloodshot eyes, dishevelled hair and walk around sluggishly like they are still asleep. The amnesiac is one shopper I often feel more sympathetic towards. Topic sentence
  • 11. Parts of the topic sentence The amnesiac is the shopper who comes in at all hours of the night to shop. 1. The topic (of the paragraph): “The amnesiac” 2. The main idea about the topic: “comes in all hours of the night to shop”
  • 12. Example of a thesis statement and preview statement • “Dogs have proven to be very useful to mankind. They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. For this example, the thesis statement is written as a different sentence from the preview statement. The preview statement highlights the three main points which will support the thesis statement: Dogs are “excellent guides, protectors and very good company” 1 2 3
  • 13. Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. First of all, dogs are useful because they are excellent guides. Dogs, such as Golden Retrievers, Labradors, and German Shepherds, have been used as guides for the blind. They have proven to be very reliable when leading their masters. This is because they well trained and ignore distractions when they are working so their master can get to where they need to go. They are very intelligent and have made good decisions for their master. For these reasons they area dependable resource. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are useful…” Main idea: “… because they are excellent guides” Topic sentence
  • 15. Exercise 1 Complete the following as a group. This is an oral activity. Work together to write a body paragraph for the preview statement
  • 16. Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. Secondly, dogs are a practical addition to mankind’s household because they help to protect from danger. For example, while thieves try to enter one’s house, dogs will bark and alert their owners. Also, they will attack, to prevent the thief from stealing. They even bark or attack if anyone they don’t know comes too close to their owner. This is because they have an instinct to protect. They are very territorial. Dogs are very helpful because of they nature to safeguard. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are a practical addition…” Main idea: “because they help to protect from danger” Topic sentence
  • 17. Example of a body paragraph • They are excellent guides, protectors and very good company. Thirdly, dogs are essential to humans because they give company. For instance, at nights, they act as their companions as they sleep. Some, such Americans, sleep with their dogs. Dogs have been known to sleep under their master’s window at night. Also, they make perfect playmates. They like to play catch with frisbees etc. Studies have shown that person who have a dog are least likely to be depressed. This is why some have experimented by bringing dogs to homes for the aged. Dogs are important to use for the love they give us. 1 2 3 Topic: “Dogs are essential…” Main idea: “because they give company” Topic sentence
  • 18. TIPS
  • 19. IMPORTANT REMINDER To give to show time or steps/process: • Firstly, secondly, thirdly… • Next • Then • After/afterwards… • Before… • Last • Eventually • Meanwhile • Soon • In the meantime When writing body paragraphs, use the following connectives/transition words to create fluency. They help you make connection between ideas.
  • 20. IMPORTANT REMINDER To add more information: • Also • Furthermore • Additionally • In addition • Moreover • Not only…but also • Along with… • As well as…
  • 21. IMPORTANT REMINDER To show cause and effect: • As a result • Therefore • Thus • Hence • Consequently • Accordingly
  • 22. IMPORTANT REMINDER To show similarity: • Similarly • Likewise • In comparison… • Equally… • In the same way • Like the…
  • 23. IMPORTANT REMINDER To show difference: • However • In contrast • Contrastingly • On the other hand • Unlike the… • Nevertheless • Nonetheless
  • 24. IMPORTANT REMINDER To show difference: • However • In contrast • Contrastingly • On the other hand • Unlike the… • Nevertheless • Nonetheless
  • 25. IMPORTANT REMINDER • These connectives/transition words can be used at the start of the paragraphs and in the middle of your paragraphs (when you give supporting details).
  • 26. IMPORTANT REMINDER •Always indent (start away from the margin) when you are starting a new paragraph.