Ethnographic Fieldwork

Ethnographic Fieldwork
INTRODUCTION
I am going to conduct ethnographic fieldwork among a women's volleyball teams in order to explore
the facilitators and obstacles to women's participation in sports. Sports have different meanings for
different people and across societies (Laker 2001:4) and the way one engages in sports is influenced
by the cultural or ethnic group one belongs to (Sever 2005:4). There are numerous barriers (Women
2000 and Beyond 2007:3; Women's Sports Foundation 2007) and benefits (Women 2000 and
Beyond 2007:2) to women's participation in sports.
Worldwide, there has been an increase in participation in sports (Silvers and Mandelbaum
2012:357). However, there are inequality gaps resulting in fewer women participating in sports
(Heagreaves 2000:184) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the increased opportunity, female participation in sports is still low (Environmental Scan
2010:18). An important concern in sports research is ''developing an understanding'' of what
encourages or discourages participants. Sports research that concentrates on sports participation is
minimal while research that links drive to participate in sports is ''sparse'' (Kilpatrick et al 2005:87).
Unlike other research methods, in ethnography, the researcher ''become immersed into a group''
(Jones 2012:231) leading to better understanding of behaviors in natural settings Skinner et al
(2015:168). Studies by Holt et al (2013) on sports opportunities in Canada established that the best
method to collecting data is through participation. This approach helped the researchers collect
'hidden' data which otherwise would go unnoticed (Jones 2012:230).This paper sets out to ascertain
what influences women's participation in sports. The initial section of this paper will tackle the
research question and objectives. The main research question for this paper is; what are the obstacles
and facilitators to women's participation in sports? The objectives will be able to establish what the
participants identify and what I observe as the facilitators and obstacles to women's participation in
sports. In the second section of this paper, I will cover theoretical models and ethnographic
background. The theories I will discuss include feminism, habitus, globalization and nationalization.
I will use these theories to address the questions of how (Molnar and Kelly 2013:10) and why (Horn
2008:116) obstacles and facilitators impact on women participating in sports. I will outline how the
theories will help me connect my data to existing knowledge. I will also identify the success and
limitations of the theories in
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Occupational Therapy Fieldwork
The ultimate purpose of fieldwork within the field of occupational therapy is to prepare each future
practitioner with further observations of what they will be practicing and to provide a hands–on
experience. During the fieldwork, the student should observe and apply the fundamentals of
practice. By adhering to the code of ethics, each student should demonstrate working behaviors that
reflect an understanding of professional standards and code of ethics appropriate to the practice
environment. This also can include maintaining appropriate boundaries and being able to recognizes
professional standards that are related to their facility and one's that protect the profession as a
whole.
Safety is also another vital aspect during fieldwork and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Collaborating with the supervisor to maximize the learning experience is one way to ensure things
are being done correctly. It shows that there is an acceptance of responsibility for initiating
professional learning experiences. It also shows that the OT practitioner is self–directed in
determining learning strengths and challenges. Collaborating with supervisor allows the OT
practitioner to structure optimal learning opportunities throughout their career. A great way to show
signs of a great future occupational therapy practitioner is to take responsibility for attaining
professional competence by seeking out learning opportunities and interactions with the supervisor
and other professionals throughout the facility. A practitioner looking to maximize their career
should define personal expectations and goals for the affiliation including the desired amount of
supervision and style of supervision that would enhance attainment of goals and pair great with the
individual's learning style. Being able to independently seek and participate in opportunities for
improving skills is a great way to advance in the field of occupational therapy. It is important during
fieldwork to demonstrates consistent work behaviors including initiative, preparedness, and
dependability. Every day of fieldwork should be given the best effort because this could potentially
become a company that would want the OT practitioner as an employee. This requires the
practitioner to consistently maintain professional behaviors in the workplace such as taking
initiative, being prepared and dependable, and assuming a professional demeanor. Arriving on time
and consistently completing work assignments on time creates a great insight to one's values.
Demonstrating positive interpersonal skills such as cooperation, flexibility, and empathy are very
important throughout the profession. While establishing

Ethnographic Fieldwork Observation Report
For my first experience with ethnographic fieldwork, I observed a superbowl party that began at 5
p.m. on Sunday, February 5, at the VFW Hall, which is located on 1490 Hwy 594 in Monroe, LA. I
started my observations at 6 p.m. when about 30 people arrived and ended at 7:30 p.m. I was not
very lowkey due to the people being family, so they thought I was just doing homework. I observed
a group of male and female African Americans between the ages 21 and 30 that consisted of seven
people. During my observation, I saw the two–culture approach and the psychoanalytic theory
comes into play while noticing the different conversational styles and altercasting performed
between the members. The psychoanalytic theory calls attention to how unconscious thoughts and
memories influence a person's identity, actions, and beliefs via the influences of close relationships,
or parents. Growing up, we saw our mom take care of the children and home, while dad take care of
the everything outside and heavy. At the party, the women focus was primarily on the food and
children because they watched the children at play and made sure they played safely, and they
prepared food and served to everyone. As for the men, they carried in all the items, such as tables,
chairs, food, radio ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From reading, a lot of things came into play that I never understood before, such as the two–culture
approach and miscommunication. I knew that it was always difficult for males and females to
understand each other, but I never realized men have a report talk and women a rapport talk.
Although misunderstood, we all learn that it takes time to understand each other, and relationships
build as we communicate through conversation, or the process of two or more parties working
interactively to create meanings through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal vocalization and

Ethnographic Fieldwork
For my ethnographic fieldwork, I decided to do my research on the Jewish culture. I interviewed a
friend of mine at her house, which is the field site I decided to work in. To protect her identity I
changed her name to Rebecca. As soon as I got to her house I notice there was a small piece of metal
on the side of her doorpost with hebrew text written on it. I enter the house and she greeted me and
took me to her living room.In her living room I noticed she had a tray of bite size cookies for us and
a Snapple drink. The cookies were sweet and they did not have strong odor. My friend wore black
slacks a white blouse and a star necklace around her neck. After a while, her brother and father came
in and I noticed they had a little cap on the top of their heads. I asked her questions about her
religion and culture.
Rebecca explained to me that the religion she and her family follow is Judaism. Judaism is the
believe that there is one God who created the heavens and the earth. Their core belief is that God
made a special promise, also known as covenant, with their forefather Abraham to protect them and
blessed them, as long as they follow the commands and laws of God, and faithfully worship him.
Rebecca also explained to me that they considered themselves the "chosen people of God," because
out of all the people in the world the Israelites are chosen to receive all of God 's blessings. She also
explain to me that for a person to be Jewish they need to come from the

Enduring Dilemmas In Fieldwork Summary
I will be discussing Chapter 17, which is titled "Methodology: Enduring Dilemmas in
Fieldwork." This chapter describes the difficulties encountered by the author and her research
assistants in conducting natural observations of families in their own homes and schools. The
methodology utilized by the author included natural observations and interviews. The methodology
of family observations was necessary to realistically identify and analyze the families' different
approaches to childrearing. This intensive research study, conducted during 1994 and 1995, revealed
striking differences in the lifestyles of middle class families as compared to those of working class
and poor families.
I. Initially, the author interviewed the parents of 88 children who attended racially integrated
schools. Eventually, twelve families, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The social classes of the families were designated by the author as follows:
A. Middle class families were those households in which at least one parent is employed in a
position that either entails substantial managerial authority or that draws upon highly complex,
educationally certified skills such as college.
B. Working class families are those households in which neither parent is employed in a middle
class position and at least one parent is employed in a position with little or no managerial authority
and that does not draw on highly complex, educationally certified skills. This category includes
lower–level white collar workers.
C. Poor families are those households in which parents receive public assistance and do not
participate in the labor force on a regular, continuous basis.
D. Since the author was also going to study the effects race may have on childrearing methods, each
social class of families had two white families and two black families.
In addition, her research assistants were both male and female, African–American and white. III.
The key purpose of the methodology of these natural observations was to

Fieldwork Definition
Fieldwork findings: Discussion
Pupil premium:
One core theme that derives from the fieldwork frequently is pupil premium. All respondents were
asked, 'which policy if any, would you say has been the most effective at promoting educational
attainment among pupils from economically deprived areas?' (Question 4). All respondents
answered pupil premium as being the most effective policy. Respondents A, B and D all argued that
the extra funding helped to promote education attainment among pupils from economically deprived
backgrounds through more staff, additional facilities and funds for students. The data drawn from
table 4.2 supports earlier literature on pupil premium.
As previously stated, this extra funding ensures that schools with deprived pupils enroled have
enough resources as tools to succeed in education. Relating back to Table 4.2, respondents A and D
both state funding for staff, this is further supported by Carpenter et al (2013) who argue that the
policy contributes highly to additional staff and teachers have perceived this to be very effective.
This is particularly relevant to aim 3, on the outcomes of policy as additional staff contribute to
promoting educational attainment because it offers deprived pupils with additional support and
guidance.
A concern is drawn from the fieldwork by respondent B and C, this ... Show more content on
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External factors such as communities and cultural capital are shown as key in attainment and are
recognised. But, this research is concerned with what goes on inside schools. Thereby, internal
factors should not be undermined by external factors. Schools matter and focus are given to policies
directed at schools. The pupil premium, academies and Teach First have been praised for their
effectiveness in helping schools to better pupil learning and promote attainment, through additional
staff and facilities and well–qualified

Fieldwork Experience Essay
For my fieldwork experience, I went to a school called Hartvigsen. Hartvigsen is a wonderful school
that specializes in providing an individual with success, courage, and growth. They create a special
rehabilitation program to fit the needs for each student. They believe in caring and sharing to
contribute to a positive environment and a team is built on the cooperative efforts of individuals.
The dates I shadowed were January 24th, 31st, February 7th, and 14th. Hartvigsen has 16
classrooms; 6 elementary, 6 secondary, and 4 post high. The school has more than 200 students that
regularly attend each day. The age groups range from 5 to 22 years old and there were several
diagnoses that are common, but the three I saw the most were Autism, Down ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The certified occupational therapy assistant I followed for fieldwork was Brittany Denhalter.
Brittany graduated from the Occupational Therapy Assistant program at Salt Lake Community
College a few years back. I shadowed Brittany for 30 hours during fieldwork. She would usually
start her day around 7:30 a.m. and ended at 3:30 p.m. The day would start after a belief meeting in
the morning with all therapists and para–educators in the departments. Before going to get a student
from a classroom, Brittany would look over her notes and prepare for her activity with that student.
Each intervention was individualized for each student and Brittany saw most clients for 30 to 45
minute time frames depending on the needs of that child. Most therapy sessions were done with
individual student instead of a group session. Some areas that were addressed the most were
handwriting, FM skills, sensory integration, oral–motor, and feeding activities. Brittany stated that
she uses the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) and Person–Environment–Occupation (PEO)
were used when designing interventions. Sensory Integration was incorporated the most throughout
the therapy

School Fieldwork Observation
On Wednesday October 25th I went to the Multnomah County Library on 49th and woodstock to do
my Fieldwork Observation assignment. I left directly after school and took the number 10 bus, to
Woodstock Park which I walked through. I arrived at the library at 2:48pm I used the restroom then
took a seat in the back right of the room. The reason for this seating choice was so I could see as
much as the room as possible. I didn't officially start the time until 2:51pm.
The first thing I noticed was that all of the people were older than 25 years old. With 12 being on the
library computers there were a wide variety of things they were doing including IMDb searches
minecraft/drawing and even someone looking at the stocs. Almost every person in the library had a
top waterproof layer with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Turns out she wasn't asleep and at 3:22 an obnoxiously loud country song from her phone rings. She
continues to have a loud conversation with a friend I'm assuming. This wasn't very annoying to me
but once the conversation concluded at 3:26 the man to the left of me looks up for the first time and
says "Can you take your call outside like you're supposed to." Although there were no other
interactions between the two they held a lot of tension the remaining half an hour.
I can see a total of 23 people all adults. Usually by this time (3:25) there are more children at the
library as Woodstock Elementary School gets out at 2:15 but, It wasn't until 3:40ish that a lot of
children started to arrive.It was relatively quiet but, until the children started to arrive that the
coughs typing and clicking were turned into loud whispers and complaints. Although the children
attributed to the noise it wasn't just them three libraries had a relatively loud conversation in the
middle of the room. Although loud I still wasn't able to decipher what they're

Fieldwork Reflection Assignment
My fieldwork replacement is at Day by Day Adult Care in Gloucester. The program provide their
clients social stimulation, daily medical monitoring, assistance with personal hygiene, and
nutritional support to maintain a healthy lifestyle and enables them to continue living at home.
Program offers various appropriate, engaging, and enjoyable activities. At Day by Day Adult Care,
clients have an opportunity to socialize with peers, share community activities, enjoy breakfast and
lunch, and receive dignified assistance with the activities of daily living. The majority of the clients
ranged in age from 70s to 90s. Based on my observation, I saw several characteristics of biophysical
aging in older clients whom I worked with. Characteristics of biophysical aging that I noticed are;
fragile skin and susceptible to irritation, immunosenescence, decreased bladder capacity, decreased
in the sense of movement and balance, vision and hearing loss, etc. Strategies that used for the
clients are; using moisturizer for irritant skin. I saw bottles of lotion everywhere. For example, they
were placed in a kitchen, bathroom, and an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe in learning new tasks through experiencing it. I am already enjoying working with older
adults at the site. It's challenging to work with older adults, but the outcomes are spectacular. In
order to promote the achievement of objectives, I will be developing a professional behavior for
effective performance at the site. I will be applying my knowledge that I am acquiring through OTA
courses. I will be asking questions to my supervisor and instructors. I will be paying attention to the
activities and client's behavior at the site. I will report any safety issues I see to my supervisor. Also,
I am going to plan and analyze a meaningful activity for the clients and it will meet their therapeutic

Ethnographic Fieldwork Project
I have decided to study the Bangladesh Muslim Center, also known as the Jame Masjid/Mosque by
the locals for my ethnographic fieldwork project. The mosque is located in the Kensington
neighborhood of the Brooklyn borough of New York City. The place of worship may be found on
the corner of McDonald Avenue and Cortelyou Road; and the F train runs right in front of the
building. It is in such an area where at times the noise level is at a maximum due to several building
supply and material warehouses nearby, trucks passing by, and construction on the subway line. At
other times, one may hear a pin drop.
One may mistake it for a regular apartment building if one is not careful especially if one is not
Muslim or Bengali, due to its external homogeneity with other apartment buildings in the
neighborhood. Those who do come to practice the faith of Islam at this Mosque are all Muslims.
This includes the Imam (the person who leads the congregation in prayer), the Mosque committee,
and the hundreds of Muslims who come in to pray on a regular basis. Ethnically, however, there is a
bit of diversity. This includes a majority of Bengalis, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
I am thinking about talking to people of all age groups because a religion's values, ideas, and morals
change generationally. It may be hard to bring up the issues of race, religion, and contemporary
issues concerning Muslims, as these are sensitive topics and may incite strong feelings or anger. I
plan on making contact with the people I propose to work with after prayers, which occur five times
a day, and the weekly congregational prayer, known as Jummah, on Friday. Finally, as I have hinted
beforehand, the aspect of the setting that I would like to write about is how the Mosque is a vital
part of the worshipper's lives when dealing with immigrant life and the ongoing issues of terrorism,
Islamophobia, and anti–Muslim

My Fieldwork At Whittier Health Network
1 a.) I have been performing my fieldwork at Whittier Health Network in Haverhill, Massachusetts.
There many different types of patients and clients receiving services at my fieldwork site, from
patients receiving rehabilitation services, to residents receiving dialysis. Some of the patients that
my fieldwork supervisor and I have been meeting with have ranged in age from mid–forties to late
eighties, and have had various diagnoses. One patient that my supervisor and I have met with was a
women in her mid–fifties. She has recently had knee surgery, and has been suffering from
respiratory problems. She also has been experiencing high levels of anxiety, which appears to be due
to her inability to breathe properly and easily. Another patient we have been seeing who has been
experiencing difficulties with respiration and breathing is a man in his early seventies. He has been
ill, and was experiencing difficulty with breathing. He is currently using a tracheostomy tube, which
has allowed him to breathe, and make great progress throughout his stay at the facility. Another
patient we have been seeing is a women in her mid–sixties. This patient had obtained an injury to
the lumbar region of her spinal cord, and in turn has recently had spinal surgery. Other patients that
we have seen have been experiencing various injuries that they are working on recovering from; are
experiencing various ailments such as dementia, confusion, and Alzheimer's; or are experiencing
difficulties with

Fieldwork Research Paper
Did you know that becoming a teacher you have to go through fieldwork (bls.gov)? The fieldwork is
when you come to a school for a certain amount of days and observe. Then as time goes by you get
to teach the class yourself. After a month of teaching your professor comes and evaluates how you
do for about 2 days a week. But while you're there you work under an experience teacher for a
semester it's how you learn while teaching. While you're teaching there's still classes you have to
take (teaching degree.org). The classes you can take are normally open to you in high school. Like a
class that teaches you what you need to know to pursue your dream. You could also take sample
courses. You need a bachelor's degree (bls.gov). The degree has to be in a certain field. Like
English, history, or sciences. Then you get to go to degree program where you can train and take
classes to get your next degree. The classes would be a big help but that's when the expenses come
along. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You get payed 54,890 dollars a year (bls.gov). In my opinion that's enough money to pay bills and
all of your other personal things. But others say that's a big money jump from where they're working
or what they're making. That's one of the main reasons people don't want to be teachers. The
beginning rate of money as a teacher is 40,000 dollars (cde.ca.gov). The middle rate is when you
start to make 50,000+ a year. The highest amount you can get paid is 60,000 dollars but that is when
you have been working there for years and get more experienced in that field. Although you're likely
to get the job you still have to know the job outlook just for a better understanding of our chances in
getting the

Fieldwork Site Reflection
My fieldwork sites include two, I am at Hospice Care Team where I see pediatric patients and
Innovation Performance Ex, (IPE) Therapy Contracting and Consulting where I see adults. The
population I see range from four to ninety. All of the pediatric patients have CP, right now we are
seeing 5 pediatric patients that range from mild to severe. We work with fine motor, gross motor,
visual tracking, oral motor, and ROM. With the adults we work on strength and endurance, this
population is CVA, dementia, and MVA. The best thing about the two is that I get to experience both
populations, we may see a four year old and leave there and see a ninety year old. I have gotten to
see how my FWE communicates with other disciplines, PT, SLP, SW in order to keep the patients'
needs met and at what times each will see the patient because they can't overlap with treatment. As
of right now the most challenging aspect for me is encountering houses that you have to learn to
keep your composure and not get sick. Another one would be ... Show more content on
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In class and through research I knew that it affected people differently but to actually see those
patients was a huge learning experience for me. I left one house where the child was severe CP that
has a trach, g–tube, pulse ox that is attached to one of his toes for continuous monitoring, oxygen
through his trach, back brace for scoliosis, and a shunt. The next house the child was very energetic,
bouncing off the walls, running and playing. The only deficit with him was right sided weakness
that affects his fine motor skills. Watching him run and play you would not know that his right hand
would slow him down. While doing therapy with fine motor skills he was not able to pick up beads,
he could manipulate larger objects but it took a little longer for him to be able to grasp it with a
lateral grip pinch. This was an eye opening experience for

Fieldwork Analysis Paper
In the elementary classroom how, do educators maintain a classroom community that involves
students' backgrounds and interests? The overall inquiry of this project focuses on exactly what was
analyzed in the previous section through scholarly literature. To build on these ideas, a fieldwork
analysis of two classrooms has been ongoing over the past three months to investigate this same
query. Throughout the fieldwork, most of the data collected has been done by observation and
participation in the two classrooms. Thorough notes have been taken throughout fieldwork and
weekly reflections have been written to gather thoughts based on the weeks in the classrooms.
Furthermore, brief and informal interviews with the classroom teachers as well as some students
have also been used to collect data for the analysis. Before learning about the inquiry and how it
pertains to the two classrooms, it is important to have an illustration of the two sites and classrooms
where the fieldwork was conducted. The first site is an elementary school in a wealthy suburb in
Western, NY. This school has a traditional kindergarten through fifth grade age range. The
classroom that was specifically studied throughout the fieldwork, is a kindergarten class with one
classroom teacher and a teacher's aide. The classroom teacher, Mrs. Cooke (all names are
pseudonyms) is Caucasian, in her mid–thirties, and has over about 15 years of classroom
experience. The teacher's aide, Ms. Fowler, is also female,

Fieldwork Process Analysis
According to Williams and Menendez (2015) "fieldwork process comprises of three factors that
create momentum; results–oriented action, awareness of observations, and other practices to
generate new behaviors (p. 175). Although, fieldwork is a great strategy to create momentum it is
important not to assign excessive fieldwork to the client (Williams & Menendez, 2015). The purpose
of fieldwork or homework is to produce affirmative energy (momentum) between the client and the
coach. Moreover, it maintains the client motivated, driven, and focus resulting in a positive attitude
helping the client achieving his/her goal.
As a future coach, I believe that helping clients keep the momentum throughout the coaching
process is vital to the success of the clients. Having and maintaining a proactive relationship with
the coach is possible at the beginning of each session every time the coach and client work together.
By creating a "judgement–free zone" where clients can faultlessly and openly discuss with the coach
their goal and what is impeding them on attaining that goal. A "judgment–free" zone propel the
clients to learn ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brainstorming ideas, inquiries, or methods can potentially help the client and the coach to organize
ideas. This process can be done collaboratively, the coach and the client can list a number of
potential ideas and structurally organize those into a framework that they can follow throughout the
coaching sessions. Finally, I will construct an action plan to follow with my consumer. This action
plan will help me contact keep the client accountable throughout the coaching process. As a future
coach I believe that a good coach should be able to provoke productive and creative moments
throughout the coaching process. Additionally, a good coach should be able to help the client
maintain his/her level of motivation high particularly, if they are struggling through the

School Fieldwork
As with anything, how children are in a community setting versus how they are in a school setting
varies greatly. Therefore as expected, fieldwork in a community setting is much different than how it
is in a school setting. In the community setting there is a feeling of less stress on both me and the
children. Additionally it is a much more relaxed environment. As a whole, being able to experience
both in class and community environments for fieldwork will greatly benefit me as a future teacher.
When attending the Armory I first noticed how much less stressful it is. Although the stress in a
classroom is not necessarily a bad thing, there is almost little to no stress when it comes to the
Armory. Everything is very relaxed and based more on

Fieldwork Placement
Fieldwork placement is a vital part of a student's education as it allows them to experience the
frontline tasks of a community worker and it provides the student the opportunity to develop
practical skills needed in the workplace. It is an opportunity to allow the student to integrate theory
into practice through a range of human and community service experience.
As part of my Health and Social Welfare degree in the second year one of the modules covered is
Fieldwork placement when students are sent out to work in the community and to enhance personal
experience and knowledge and be able to learn through practice. For my placement I was sent out to
work in a mediation centre called West Yorkshire family mediation this service is a charitable ...
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At first because of circumstances I took up the placements I was getting closer to the deadline for
me to start my work experience. When I started I didn't really enjoy the type of work that I was
allocated to carry out because I am a very hands on person and carrying out admin work wasn't very
hands on and the repetitive of the same tasks became a bit boring after a while as I wasn't allowed to
go into the intense work carried out by the admin team due to the level of privacy and
confidentiality. At times due to this I was put forward to do shredding which I didn't enjoy at all. If I
was to go out on placement I would pick a location where I am able to be more hands on and be able
to carry out tasks first hand with clients such as in a sure start centre as I have a interest of working
with children and parents and helping parents enhance their children well–being and development
for the future as this is a vital part of a child's developmental

Uptown Fieldwork Project
The neighborhood that I have picked for the fieldwork project is Uptown. It is north of Chicago; 6
miles away from the Loop, according to Encyclopedia of Chicago. Based on the map, Uptown's
boundaries are Foster Avenue (north), Lake Michigan (east), Montrose and Irving Park (south), and
Ravenswood and Clark (west). The cross streets for the south side of Uptown are from Ravenswood
to Clark, then Clark St. to Lake Michigan; from the west side, Foster to Montrose, then Montrose to
Irving Park. North of Uptown is Edgewater, to the west of it is Lincoln Square, then to the south is
Lake View (City of Chicago). As of 2010, Uptown's total population is 56,362 (2010 United States
Census). I picked the area because it's a town I'm familiar and grown

Archaeological Fieldwork Project
The following report details the archaeological fieldwork conducted by New South Associates, Inc.
for proposed widening and improvements along U.S. 158 in Forsyth and Guilford counties, North
Carolina. The purpose of the survey was to identify and evaluate archaeological sites for the
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), within the proposed project area of potential effects
(APE). This project was conducted for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
(TIP R–2577ABC, State Project No. 37405). This is a state–funded project covered under a United
States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) individual permit. As such, the USACE serves as the
lead federal agency and the work complies with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation
Act of 1966 (NHPA), as amended.
The proposed right–of–way corridor measures 18.8 miles in length and includes four new location
alternates in the Stokesdale area. The project will be constructed in three sections. Section R–
2577A, which measures 5.1 miles in length, begins at the multi–lanes north of Interstate 40 (I–40)
Business and terminates at State Route (SR) 1965 (Belews Creek Road) in Forsyth County. Section
R–2577B, which is 7.2 miles long, begins at SR 1965 in Forsyth County and ends north of SR 2034
(Anthony Road) in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it is recommended not eligible for the NRHP, it should be avoided. If the gravesites cannot
be avoided, we request that the Office of State Archaeology make the determination as to how the
removal and relocation of the gravesite(s) be treated, i.e. by following either NC General Statute 70,
Article 3 or NC General Statute 65. If treated under GS 65, removal and relocation will be handled
by the NCDOT Right–of–Way Office. If treated under GS 70, Article 3, removal and relocation will
be handled by the NCDOT Archaeology Group in consultation with the Right–of–Way Office, next–
of–kin, and the Office of State

Part One: Fieldwork Research Question and Literature (Worth 20 Points)
Fieldwork Background Description On my level 1B fieldwork experience this October I went to a
school based setting. Occupational therapy in a school based setting involves the therapist working
with children who qualify for an individualized education program (IEP). These children must be in
the age range of three to twenty one, and have a disability that effects their education in order to
qualify for the IEP. The IEP allows the student to receive services from the school based team which
may consist of an occupational, physical, and speech therapist depending on the child's needs. The
children who have an IEP work on skills that help them participate in school related ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this population the occupational therapist used many techniques to help the children stay on
task during the treatment sessions. While observing I noticed that some of the children were
distracted by objects in the room, other activities that were laid out for their session, or other
children while in the classroom setting. Some of the children became upset when they didn't know
what was going to happen next, or when they didn't like doing a certain activity. An example of this
consisted of the child getting up from their seat to pick up an object for an activity planned for later
in the session followed by therapist redirection which upset the child when they had to go back to
the task they were previously doing. This scenario was demonstrated by multiple children, it slowed
down the progression of therapy and decreased the therapy sessions overall productivity. This is a
problem because it took away from the treatment time and the child/children became less
cooperative. To help prepare the child for the different tasks a picture schedule was used. A picture
schedule is a tool that uses pictures, symbols, or words to demonstrate a task or tasks that are going
to take place. The picture schedule works as a visual prompt with the purpose of helping the
individual complete the task or tasks. More specifically the picture

Objectivity and Fieldwork Essay
Objectivity and Fieldwork
Researchers throughout the world most often conduct practical work in a all natural environment
outside their laboratory or office in order to experience in firsthand what it is to live outside the
society they have been exposed to all their lives, and integrate into another civilization that imposes
cultural traditions and policies that the researcher may have never been imposed to in the past. These
types of works or studies that ethnographers conduct are called fieldworks; and they help
researchers learn the ways and customs of a certain group or kin outside a society. The researcher's
method of fully understanding the culture of the group of individuals they study is by integrating
into their assemblage or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being the daughter of an Arab and also of an American; she portrayed herself as being in "numerous
ways culturally more American than an Arabian" individual (Abu–Lughod, 1988:140). Throughout
her work, the author makes it clear that the factors of being a woman of Arab descent and her
positionality had several consequences in the types of research she could perform and the ties and
relationships she could build with the members of the Bedouin tribe. The fact that she was a "Dutiful
daughter" doing fieldwork in a segregated society helped her understand the significance of modesty
and humility for women in the Bedouin tribe. "...with the contributors to this volume I share the
experience of being a woman studying a sex–segregated society. Unlike most of them, I was in the
peculiar situation of being neither completely a cultural insider, nor a total outsider." (Abu–Lughod,
1988:140). Being in a segregated society were male dominance was a basic characteristic of the
natives exposed the author to both sides, but mostly to the female's side, and that is what her
research was mostly based on. Being one of the natives benefited her fieldwork, because she had the
opportunity to feel and act just as one of them by adapting to their culture. Malinowski on the
contrary was more reserved when writing his fieldwork experiences, because he did not

My Visitation And Fieldwork Assignment
Fieldwork Assignment My visitation and fieldwork assignment took place at the Summit School in
Queens. This school is a private special education school that caters to students with various
disabilities. This particular class that I observed was a 7th and 8th grade reading class. I observed
this class on December 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th from 12:30 to 1:15. The class I sat in on had seven
students, one teacher and one assistant. The class was a nice mix of boys and girls, and all the
students got along. The classroom was decorated in a nice inviting manor. There were several
bulletin boards all with different themes. One of the bulletin boards that really caught my attention
was one that had all positive sayings. And when the teacher sees that a kid is having a rough time
she lets them read the sayings and they help. There was another board with all kinds of grammar and
math tips for the children to use as a resource. And she had the children 's works displayed all over
the classroom with positive feedback written on all of them. Whether it was by a cute sticker or she
hand wrote a positive thing by herself. This class really enjoyed the stickers so that is what she used
in this class. Another thing she had was a kindness tree, when a student does something nice for
another student they get a leaf. She uses this mainly for her homeroom class, however she had
things in place for her departmentalized classes as well. She had all kinds of lollipops and

Within four weeks of fieldwork, occupational therapy students got to know most of the residents at
Ruth's House (dementia unit). The residents have various medical conditions that limit their physical
and mental capabilities. Anita, one of the residents in the facility exhibited a range of physical,
cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Based on direct observation, Anita demonstrated fluctuating
alertness periods. With no evident trigger, Anita had multiple acute episodes of confusion,
irritability, and agitation. In a several group sessions, she was restless and was very difficult to
redirect. She kept standing up despite being told to take a seat so she does not fall. She was verbally
disorganized. In addition, during the 2–week fieldwork,

Level 2A Fieldwork
Over the course of my Level 2A fieldwork I have been able to interact with many patients that have
different backgrounds and psychosocial issue that have influenced their occupations, environments,
and occupational performance.
During my first week of fieldwork I observed a patient in the therapy gym. She was working with
physical therapy and the therapist was trying to get her to stand and take a few steps. Even with
consistent encouragement from the therapist, her anxiety got the best of her and she refused to walk.
That same week she got put on my supervisor's caseload. Before, we went in to see the patient, my
supervisor me told that she had a feeling that we would get denied. Once we entered the room the
patient was lying in bed, she had empty soda cans, empty wrappers, and half eaten food in her room.
She was very friendly to my supervisor and was more than happy to chat with her. However, once
we mentioned therapy the patient's anxiety increased and she gave every excuse to not attend
therapy. Even with education from my supervisor why she should attend therapy, she refused. ...
She immediately started to worry and stated "What excuse can I give you so you leave me alone?" I
responded that we just needed to get ready for the day and we did not even need to call it therapy.
Once she sat up she started hyperventilating. My supervisor was in the room at the time and said this
was exactly what would happen the last time she stayed in the TCU. After 45 minutes, lots of
encouragement, rest breaks and maximum assistance we finally got her dressed and situated in her
recliner. While I was documenting the patient was talking to the nurse about how she did not want to
have therapy anymore. The nurse responded to the patient and asked her why she was in the TCU if
she did not want therapy. In the same week, this patient declined therapy all together and both
physical therapy and occupational therapy had to discharge

A burst of light exploded. The world seemed to go silent, then the sound caught up. It was the sound
of thousands of bombs exploding at once. It was a deafening roar that seemed to shake the world all
around us. There is just a great feeling when you realize that you built it. As stated in
britannica.com, "The earliest sketches of flight vehicles were drawn by Leonardo da Vinci"
(Encyclopædia Britannica aerospace engineering). Now it has gone to the creations of rockets and
planes. People in this career get to build and test designs in laboratories, wind tunnels, and outside to
make sure there are no flaws. This career is the only reason we can fly in any aircraft, and why we
have satellites and have been on the moon. A aerospace engineer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It also includes satellites and any kind of flying vehicle. The research I have done has confirmed that
aerospace engineering is similar to mechanical engineering. Doing my research on this career has
shown me that currently it is not doing the greatest. It is not estimated to grow to much in the next
10 years. Some aspects I like about the career is designing and testing your designs. This is a big
plus because you get to correct the problems within your design, if there is one. A aspect I do not
like is that it is not projected to grow that much. That can be a huge problem out of college.
Although I think I would fit well into this career, it's going to be much harder to find an aerospace
job. I like almost every kind of engineer career mainly because of the process. An area I need to
develop new skills is by learning physics. Without physics this career would not exist. A personality
that I have that fits well into this career is being able to think of ideas in my head and just being
creative when figuring things out. Something about my personality that doesn't fit into this career is
not liking heights. An aerospace engineer is a career that uses a lot of science and mathematics and
has some great experience that comes with it, but sadly the career is currently dying down making it
a job I don't think I should

Fieldwork Essay
There are various fieldwork techniques such as Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism, Gaining
Rapport, Ethical Issues & other problems in fieldwork, and the nature of participant observation,
that help study human life in other societies. When watching the second video, Ethnocentrism and
cultural relativism ingroup and outgroup, I comprehended the terms better. When one judges another
culture because it is very different from the culture one was raised in, it means that their way of
thinking is ethnocentric (believing your culture is superior). As for Cultural Relativism, one
acknowledges the cultures practice and sees no wrong in them. Gaining Rapport from the
Yanomamo was very challenging for Chagnon. He gained their trust because of the trade goods he
will offer them (machetes, and knives), when he wouldn't give them anything, the Yanomamo would
not collaborate with any information. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She would resolve these issues by "leaving the scene" and restating to the women that she is just a
researcher. In the 'Doing Anthropology" video, there were three participants in different social fields.
Participation observation requires the "insider" to be hands–on, present, and active, "you want to
experience it yourself, and then it helps you ask better questions." All of these techniques can help
broaden data and information previously collected, and further on the understanding of other

My Fieldwork Placement
My adapted lesson for my fieldwork placement at Abilities First was challenging yet satisfying in
the end. I have never adapted an entire lesson plan so it was defiantly a learning experience. When I
was planning and developing this lesson plan, I wanted to make sure I captured and aligned my
content with the educational policies and recent special education research. This was important for
me to consider because all students should have the opportunity to learn and succeed in a general
education environment just like their nondisabled peers. Through this fieldwork, I truly saw how
important it is to make students with disabilities a part of the general education curriculum as much
as possible.
My adapted lesson was informed by recent educational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Special education teachers have to implement a variety of instructional strategies for their students
in order to individualize the curriculum for students to participate in the general education
curriculum. This is in reference to CEC Professional Standards #4: Instructional Strategies. Also, I
understood how students with disabilities have the "same curriculum as peers without disabilities to
have the opportunity to learn. Some may learn to alternate achievement standards" (Class
PowerPoint: What We Need to Know). Lastly, after developing the lesson plan and actually
implementing it to my focus learner, I realized how "on–the–spot" they need to be and be able to
work through the challenges that may arise. At the beginning of my lesson, the student wanted to
remove all of the materials from the Velcro and then put them back on. I allowed the student to do
this because this is what made her feel comfortable as well as getting a feel for the materials. This
was not apart of my lesson but this made me understand that while teaching students with
disabilities things do not go as planned and I need to be ready to make adjustments when needed.
Special education teachers have a heart of gold to accommodate for a wide range of abilities, which
is why this experience has opened my eyes. Thus, special education teachers play a huge role in
making sure all students are able to learn by differentiating instruction, materials, and learning styles
to diverse learners in their class to ensure everyone has the same opportunity to succeed. This is in
reference to Marist Initial Teaching Standard

Fieldwork Educator Paper
I have seen my fieldwork educator document a great deal. She has three computers that she can use
throughout the facility. She has her own personal office computer, one in the children's room, and
one in adult section of the gym. There is electronic and handwritten documentation. Each patient has
a folder, which the OT brings with her to each session. This is the patient's chart. It has the patient's
referral, evaluation, and any progress notes. The OT writes what they do in therapy on a piece of
paper that includes how many repetitions the client does for each motion and at which
bands/weights. The OT uses the computer some during the session, but she told me it was just for
the easy parts. Afterwards, the OT writes the therapy session down

Fieldwork Assessment
I believe that my assessment was accurate and fair. One example I can perceive as a bias, would be
my inability to differentiate Western students from other students. Once I completed the fieldwork
component of the assignment, I had asked my female friend what was the "Western" look. She
explained that females wear Canadian goose jackets, Hunter rubber boots, and lululemon tights.
Afterwards, it had hit me. I had been oblivious to my surroundings the whole time. However, if I
were to be in an environment that was different from Western's, then maybe I would be able to see
the difference. I also pondered whether there was a male "Western" look or not, but could not come
to a conclusion. I also was not able to divide the Asian students into

The Importance Of Fieldwork
In the study of cultural anthropology, fieldwork is a big factor in coming to a conclusion about one's
topic of research. After reading articles from both Raybeck and Faubion, it is clear that fieldwork
may not be the only component to drawing conclusions about cultures. There are multiple factors
within fieldwork itself that aids in drawing conclusions as expressed by Raybeck but the main
conclusions an anthropologist comes up with is from analyzing the data that was found. Raybeck
mainly uses two methods for fieldwork: quantitative and qualitative. There are some anthropologists
who believe you can be purely scientific when studying cultures. This type of studying would
require doing mainly quantitative research. Raybeck expresses that quantitative work may suggest
that the anthropologist is making assumptions about the culture before they are already a part of it.
Even if one does make assumptions and continues to use quantitative research, people from that
certain culture may feel less comfortable because it is seen as a lack of courtesy. Courtesy is one of
the three certain values that an anthropologist must have when doing any type of fieldwork. The
other two values include the way in which natives in that culture live and "following a way of life
that is fitting and pleasant" (Raybeck, 5). Anyone who comes up with quantitative research
questions to interview people will automatically be assuming something about that culture. One
must ask qualitative, open ended

Prewriting Skills In Fieldwork
One activity that I saw in my fieldwork was prewriting skills with a little boy that had autism and
severe brain injuries from a car wreck. His left hand and arm were very spastic, so he could not hold
down the paper. The occupational therapist was trying to work with his right hand to hold a pencil.
She told me that she did not care if he had a cylindrical grasp as she just wanted him to try to begin
to use a writing device. She said that since he began preschool that he has been expanding his
cognitive development immensely. She was trying to have the boy draw circles and straight lines on
a piece of paper. The boy had to have the occupational therapist's help in initiating the marks. The
problem that she faced was that the boy was fixated

My level 1 fieldwork II was assigned at Charleston Area Medical Center – Medication
Rehabilitation Inpatient Services in Charleston, West Virginia. It was an Inpatient Rehabilitation
which provides Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy and Speech Therapy services. My
supervisor is a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant for more than 3 years. My fieldwork started
around 7:45am and ends at 4pm. My supervisor provides me with occupational profile of the
patient, diagnosis and the treatment before interacting with the patients. They usually see 3 patients
in a day for 90 mins therapy sessions. During my week in the CAMC, I had great opportunity to
observe various diagnosis such as Subdural hematoma, Traumatic Brain Injury, Cerebrovascular
accident and Spinal Cord injury. The patients were having difficulty with strength, mobility, balance,
visual perception / cognition, bilateral coordination, gross and fine motor coordination and also ...
The interventions that I observed was the use of contrast bath for the Chronic Regional pain, E–stim,
Ultrasound, hot packs for the pain management as well as to decrease the stiffness and swelling. The
activity that I observed were ROM arc to increase movement in the bilateral upper extremities, sand
box to increase core strength, Theraputty, peg boards, cognition pattern puzzles, visual perception
puzzles, arm bike (rollator), bolts and screw for fine motor coordination, mini mental test to intact
orientation as well as memory. I observed how therapist were teaching the patients to increase
independence while transferring from bed to wheelchair to commode. I observed the use of adaptive
devices to make the patient as functional as possible with their daily activities such as long handled
shower brush, Reacher, sock aid, leg lifter, adaptive heavy weighted utensils and many

Fieldwork Assignment Analysis
My first fieldwork assignment was in a rather large 4th grade classroom. It was exciting and scary
all at the same time. I could tell from the very beginning that this was going to be an interesting
adventure. I enjoyed being involved in the classroom, watching as children became excited in the
new knowledge they had acquired. My later fieldwork experiences would be as intriguing as my
first. This time I was able to become more involved in the classroom. I was able to get to know the
students and was sad when I had to leave. My fieldwork experience has been such a positive
influence on me and because of this it has made my drive to be a teacher much stronger.
Later in my fieldwork, I had the pleasure to work in a special education classroom.

Fieldwork And Coding Process
Stage 4: Meta–analysis Reflection Paper on "Fieldwork and Coding Process"
Reflecting on the process has been and continues to be a very useful tool for my understanding as
well as my dissertation journey. By pausing to examine the work that has been done and what
lessons I've learned when experiencing the phenomenon of research I can see where my strengths
and weaknesses lie. This is very different when compared to where I thought they were just eight
short weeks ago. I began this process with a hope that I would be doing a Phenomenology study and
now I am very much excited that I have begun the work. This study will focus on the experience
itself, Police training, and this experience is transformed into the officer's reality (Merriam, XXXX).
The question was clarified for me as I studied the five different types of qualitative research within
this course...what is the basic experience th officers had? Once I answer this question I must take the
next step to build a rich narrative that tells the story of their experience (Merriam, XXXX). Through
the readings I clarified my understanding of what is strong in my chapters 1 and 2 and what still
needs some work. For example my research question began to take on new and a simplistic clarity. I
kept asking myself when listening to the recordings of the interviews and focus groups. Creswell's
readings make me begin this clarification process by helping me ask the simple ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Describing the experience
2. Listing a group of significant statements
3. Grouping the together into larger units (moving the post–its around)
4. Writing a descriptive of what their experience is
5. Writing a descriptive of how they experience it
6. And Finally building a rich description of the essence of the experience
By seeing this pattern in the book and then by experiencing it partially in this process I can now see
how a qualitative researcher much be both divergent and convergent in their data collection and
through their writing

Reflection Paper On Fieldwork Experience
During:
During my fieldwork experience, I observed a particular grower that was in my group on my last
day of fieldwork. This was my first time meeting this grower so generally, I was unsure as to how
things would pan out between us. Prior to meeting this client, I was assuming that the client would
generally keep to himself and not interact with his peers or new people such as myself. However, to
my surprise, the client that I observed did in fact interact with his his peers and even interacted with
myself. Despite just meeting on my last day of fieldwork, I felt as though I knew this grower for a
very long time. The grower would interact with others by giving them a high fives, engaging in the
variety of tasks that we had throughout the day, and laughing when it was appropriate. The way that
this particular grower interacted with is peers definitely surprised me and was a different then what I
had expected.
The grower that I had the opportunity to interact with seemed to be diagnosed with severe autism.
The was demonstrated in many ways. The client rarely made eye contact with his peers and other
supervisors. In addition, the client lacked communication with his peers and his supervisors as well.
When he tried to communicate, he would in a way grunt towards you or he may have laughed if he
was enjoying himself. At times, the client would have an outburst of arm flapping that would last
about three to five seconds each. This only occurred about four times throughout the

Fieldwork: The Anthropological Understanding Of Culture
First, the anthropological understanding of culture is that it is a learned behavior that is developed
through life. Human culture evolved over time through being shared, learned, patterned, symbolic,
and adaptive. I've noticed this from the teachings I've learned growing up from my family.
Anthropological holism reasons that objects and environments are related and explain each other.
Fieldwork is how anthropologists communicate with people within a culture. Language is a human
capability that lets us communicate and create barriers to communicate. One of the things that
causes complications is multisited fieldwork since understandings over same cultural facts are
different. Anthropologist study language so that they can explain how people in different cultures
interact and communicate with one another. For ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Depending on a person's experiences and culture, there are numerous ways to communicate.
Anthropologist look at meaning through how play, jokes, sports, and art are different throughout
each culture. We look at sports as a fun game that brings people together but in other cultures such
as Trobiand Islanders they substituted war with cricket in a way to communicate between villages
and settle political matters. Also, others may have different opinions on what is considered art due to
how they were taught. If they find something to having meaning, then it is considered art to them.
People use worldview to share cultural assumptions to justify their experiences about how the world
works. They may have assumptions about another cultures policies due to the way that they were
taught and were raised.
Next, I found that fieldwork, language, meaning, and worldview are all linked to culture. I noticed
that from reading the article, "The Secrets of Haiti's Living dead" by Del Guárico, that different
cultures around the world will believe anything if they expect or

Ethnographical Fieldwork
In conducting ethnographical fieldwork, anthropologists have selected few key consultants to gather
exclusive details and information about a society's custom ideas, values, and practices through
participation in research of the Ju/ 'haonsi people of Namibia. Through qualitative data and much
fieldwork in Namibia, key consultants will have to lay out a formal outline in their research to be
successful. By conducting ethnographical fieldwork, preparation, observances and many challenges
will have to be faced during the duration of Namibia. As a key consultant I must endure all factors
of this study including: funding, ethics, an ethnographical approach, and all barriers that might stand
in my way while conducting field work.
While conducting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although fieldwork can be exciting there could be barriers and challenges that are faced. Some of
these stumbling blocks in fieldwork can include physical, social, political and ethical challenges.
Some of these challenges can be anticipated because they come with the reality of our human
nature. If I went to Namibia, just my physical appearance is different, I'm white and they're
Africans; are colors are different. I'm not racist but I stand out and would have a lot of attention,
how do I know if their racist or not? I wouldn't want to be harmed in anyway just because of my
color. Another area that may be tough is the social challenge. Communication is one of the biggest
barriers in a relationship and I can't imagine trying to communicate with someone across the world
that lives in a whole different society. Next political and ethical challenges would have to be
considered. Would if at the time the nation is undergoing a presidential election that merits if one
president becomes elected, rights are taken away? This could cause major stress in a nation and
would be difficult gathering information from people. Other political challenges such as laws can
also affect your fieldwork. Customs can really be a pain in many countries, what you bring in and
out of their country and how long you stay. There are many laws that restrict our rights as foreigners
in their country. Ethics or religion can also be a challenge that

Home Health Fieldwork Assignment
It seems like it was only yesterday that I started my first level one fieldwork assignment. I was
beyond excited because the therapist that I was observing work in home health. Home health is one
out of three areas where I would like to work. However, I know that this fieldwork assignment is
going to be very different than the last one. I really enjoyed my last fieldwork assignment because I
had the opportunity to observe the pediatric population. I love working with kids and I feel like I
work better with children than I would with adults. Although I am very excited for my next
fieldwork assignment, I know that Hope Springs Farm will be different from Sovia Therapy. Besides
the fact that the clients will be different in age than the previous

Fieldwork In Anthropology
"representation" "fieldwork" and "culture?" To what extent is the author you have chosen sensitive
to issues of representation? What do we learn about her fieldwork from the article? How does she
approach culture? Ghannam's book "Live and Die Like a Man" is an anthropological view towards
masculinity in Egypt and through various forms of representation techniques, with a participant–
observation based fieldwork and a critical and comparative view towards Egyptian culture, she
explores the struggles, advantage and disadvantages of being a man in Egypt but also in the middle
east. Throughout her first chapter, she is moderately sensitive to the issues of representation, relies
on direct testimony and first–hand observations as well as participants, and focuses on the patrilocal
and family–related aspects of Egyptian culture. Specifically, she is moderately sensitive to ... Show
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Orientalism in anthropology is the "western scholarship about the eastern world" (Said, 1978) but
more importantly is the "fictional and irrational representation of the middle east by the western
world" (Said, 1978) which is done to establish a sense of western superiority. In her introduction of
the book, Ghannam expresses her dissatisfaction with the way Arab men are portrayed in the
western "media, policy circles and some scholarly works" and aims to portray them with – to an
extent – unprejudiced view of the issue. In addition, although she identifies and introduces herself
being from a "middle eastern origin" (Ghannam, 2013), she considers herself among the western
audience when she refers to them as "we" or considering the west "here". Therefore, no matter how
much of an insider she considers herself to be, she still is looking at the orient from the perspective
of a westerner and even her comparison of her daughter with Ahmed shows

Ethnographic Fieldwork

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Ethnographic Fieldwork