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Expectancy Theory

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Daniel Larsen, PHR
Daniel Larsen, PHR

Part of my Motivation Series, this presentation explains what Expectancy Theory is and how you can effectively apply it in your own life or in the lives of those you manage. It helps take a potentially "soft" topic and turn it into actionable steps.

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Motivation Series Expectancy Theory
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy Theory “HOW CAN I INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF MY EFFORT TOWARDS MY GOALS?”
Expectancy Theory What is the question you answer by using Expectancy Theory!
Expectancy Theory Correct!
Expectancy Theory Expectancy Theory has three different elements which each influence effort.
Expectancy Theory Expectancy “If I really try hard, can I do this job?”
Expectancy Theory Expectancy Instrumentality “If I do this job well, will I be rewarded?”
Expectancy Theory Expectancy Instrumentality Valence “How much do I value the reward?”
Expectancy Theory Expectancy These elements have a multiplicative effect with each other. Instrumentality Effort Valence
Expectancy Theory E I V Effort
Expectancy Theory To understand how that works, think of each element as a separate probability from 0 to 1. E I V Effort
Expectancy Theory E I V Effort 1 1 1 100% Effort 1 1 .9 90% Effort 1 .9 .9 81% Effort 1 .9 .2 18% Effort
Expectancy Theory Because they multiply, if any individual element is zero, effort will also be zero. E I V Effort 1 1 0 0% Effort 1 0 1 0% Effort 0 1 1 0% Effort
Expectancy Theory You may be thinking to yourself, “How on earth am I going to measure something like valence?” E I V Effort
Expectancy Theory Don’t worry about it. E I V Effort
Expectancy Theory Exact probabilities are not nearly as important as the idea behind them. E I V Effort
Expectancy Theory Just thinking about it in terms of “Bad, Okay, Great” is fine. E I V Effort
An Example
An Example Let’s try a simple example.
An Example We’ll look at making an effort to network in order to find a new job.
An Example Expectancy Remember that Expectancy asks, “If I really try hard, can I do this job?”
An Example Expectancy You might ask, “If I try really hard, will I be good at networking?”
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Remember that Instrumentality asks, “If I do this job well, will I be rewarded?”
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality You might ask, “If I can network well, will that help me build the contacts that will lead to a full-time job offer?”
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Remember that Valence asks, “How much do I value the reward?”
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence You might ask, “How much do I really want a new job?”
An Example Expectancy If you don’t expect to be good at networking even if you work really hard… 0 1 1 0% Effort
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality …or if you don’t expect to build contacts and get an offer even if you’re great at networking… 1 0 1 0% Effort
An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence …or if you don’t really want a new job… 1 1 0 0% Effort
An Example …if any one of those is zero, your effort to network will be zero. 0% Effort
Using E.T.
Using E.T. “Expectancy Theory”
Using E.T. Not me.
Using Expectancy Theory But a manager might ask, “How on earth does this Expectancy mumbo jumbo help?” Instrumentality Valence
Using Expectancy Theory Well, it helps you know how to react to problems with effort.
Using Expectancy Theory Usually, if a manager sees a problem with effort, he’ll use phrases like…
Using Expectancy Theory Expectancy “lacks initiative” “no commitment” Instrumentality “insufficient dedication” Valence “bad attitude”
Using Expectancy Theory Those don’t really help.
Using Expectancy Theory I know. Earth shattering.
Using Expectancy Theory Expectancy Problem? Instrumentality Problem? Valence Problem? But using Expectancy Theory, you can look at the problem area…
Using Expectancy Theory Coaching, Expectancy Training Tie rewards to Instrumentality performance Choose more Valence meaningful rewards …and then craft a smart solution.
A Caveat
A Caveat Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Expectancy Theory is all about self-perceptions and effort.
A Caveat Expectancy Meaning, for example, that it Instrumentality doesn’t matter if rewards are tied to performance if people don’t think that they’re tied to performance. Valence
A Caveat Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Keep that in mind as you craft solutions.
A Caveat Expectancy Good Instrumentality Performance Valence Also, remember that you could be putting in 100% effort, but if you suck at what you do, the results will still be poor.
Conclusion
Conclusion Expectancy Theory deals with what influences effort Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence all shape effort These three elements have a multiplicative effect on effort Expectancy Theory is useful in creating specific solutions to effort issues For Expectancy issues, coach or train individuals For Instrumentality issues, better tie rewards to performance For Valence issues, choose more meaningful rewards Expectancy Theory is all about self-perception, not necessarily reality If you’re not skilled, all the effort in the world won’t create positive results
Motivation Series Expectancy Theory Daniel Larsen - http://www.linkedin.com/pub/daniel-larsen/19/8b8/910

More Related Content

Expectancy Theory

  • 3. Expectancy Theory “HOW CAN I INCREASE THE INTENSITY OF MY EFFORT TOWARDS MY GOALS?”
  • 4. Expectancy Theory What is the question you answer by using Expectancy Theory!
  • 5. Expectancy Theory Correct!
  • 6. Expectancy Theory Expectancy Theory has three different elements which each influence effort.
  • 7. Expectancy Theory Expectancy “If I really try hard, can I do this job?”
  • 8. Expectancy Theory Expectancy Instrumentality “If I do this job well, will I be rewarded?”
  • 9. Expectancy Theory Expectancy Instrumentality Valence “How much do I value the reward?”
  • 10. Expectancy Theory Expectancy These elements have a multiplicative effect with each other. Instrumentality Effort Valence
  • 11. Expectancy Theory E I V Effort
  • 12. Expectancy Theory To understand how that works, think of each element as a separate probability from 0 to 1. E I V Effort
  • 13. Expectancy Theory E I V Effort 1 1 1 100% Effort 1 1 .9 90% Effort 1 .9 .9 81% Effort 1 .9 .2 18% Effort
  • 14. Expectancy Theory Because they multiply, if any individual element is zero, effort will also be zero. E I V Effort 1 1 0 0% Effort 1 0 1 0% Effort 0 1 1 0% Effort
  • 15. Expectancy Theory You may be thinking to yourself, “How on earth am I going to measure something like valence?” E I V Effort
  • 16. Expectancy Theory Don’t worry about it. E I V Effort
  • 17. Expectancy Theory Exact probabilities are not nearly as important as the idea behind them. E I V Effort
  • 18. Expectancy Theory Just thinking about it in terms of “Bad, Okay, Great” is fine. E I V Effort
  • 20. An Example Let’s try a simple example.
  • 21. An Example We’ll look at making an effort to network in order to find a new job.
  • 22. An Example Expectancy Remember that Expectancy asks, “If I really try hard, can I do this job?”
  • 23. An Example Expectancy You might ask, “If I try really hard, will I be good at networking?”
  • 24. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Remember that Instrumentality asks, “If I do this job well, will I be rewarded?”
  • 25. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality You might ask, “If I can network well, will that help me build the contacts that will lead to a full-time job offer?”
  • 26. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Remember that Valence asks, “How much do I value the reward?”
  • 27. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence You might ask, “How much do I really want a new job?”
  • 28. An Example Expectancy If you don’t expect to be good at networking even if you work really hard… 0 1 1 0% Effort
  • 29. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality …or if you don’t expect to build contacts and get an offer even if you’re great at networking… 1 0 1 0% Effort
  • 30. An Example Expectancy Instrumentality Valence …or if you don’t really want a new job… 1 1 0 0% Effort
  • 31. An Example …if any one of those is zero, your effort to network will be zero. 0% Effort
  • 33. Using E.T. “Expectancy Theory”
  • 34. Using E.T. Not me.
  • 35. Using Expectancy Theory But a manager might ask, “How on earth does this Expectancy mumbo jumbo help?” Instrumentality Valence
  • 36. Using Expectancy Theory Well, it helps you know how to react to problems with effort.
  • 37. Using Expectancy Theory Usually, if a manager sees a problem with effort, he’ll use phrases like…
  • 38. Using Expectancy Theory Expectancy “lacks initiative” “no commitment” Instrumentality “insufficient dedication” Valence “bad attitude”
  • 39. Using Expectancy Theory Those don’t really help.
  • 40. Using Expectancy Theory I know. Earth shattering.
  • 41. Using Expectancy Theory Expectancy Problem? Instrumentality Problem? Valence Problem? But using Expectancy Theory, you can look at the problem area…
  • 42. Using Expectancy Theory Coaching, Expectancy Training Tie rewards to Instrumentality performance Choose more Valence meaningful rewards …and then craft a smart solution.
  • 44. A Caveat Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Expectancy Theory is all about self-perceptions and effort.
  • 45. A Caveat Expectancy Meaning, for example, that it Instrumentality doesn’t matter if rewards are tied to performance if people don’t think that they’re tied to performance. Valence
  • 46. A Caveat Expectancy Instrumentality Valence Keep that in mind as you craft solutions.
  • 47. A Caveat Expectancy Good Instrumentality Performance Valence Also, remember that you could be putting in 100% effort, but if you suck at what you do, the results will still be poor.
  • 49. Conclusion Expectancy Theory deals with what influences effort Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence all shape effort These three elements have a multiplicative effect on effort Expectancy Theory is useful in creating specific solutions to effort issues For Expectancy issues, coach or train individuals For Instrumentality issues, better tie rewards to performance For Valence issues, choose more meaningful rewards Expectancy Theory is all about self-perception, not necessarily reality If you’re not skilled, all the effort in the world won’t create positive results
  • 50. Motivation Series Expectancy Theory Daniel Larsen - http://www.linkedin.com/pub/daniel-larsen/19/8b8/910