Experience sharing of Skill Exchange

Welcome to Experience Sharing Workshop
On
Promotion of Appropriate Green Technologies to bring about
Rural Prosperity
Md Mahobul Islam
Practical Action, Bangladesh
FK participant, Year-II

Sending partnerSending partner
Practical Action, BangladeshPractical Action, Bangladesh
Host partnerHost partner
Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA)Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA)
Supported bySupported by
FK NorwayFK Norway

Exchange Period:Exchange Period:
May 2012 to March 2013
Posting Place:Posting Place:
Jhansi, MP-UP, India

MMajor Expectationsajor Expectations….….
• Development of biomass gasification technology package suitable for Bangladesh
(design and drawing, operation and maintenance) and prepare a manual;
• Preparation of manual on operation & maintenance for Min/micro Grid SPV system in
English and Bangla;

What is Gasification and GasifierWhat is Gasification and Gasifier
GasificationGasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceousis a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous
materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This ismaterials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is
achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), withoutachieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), without
combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. The mixedcombustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. The mixed
of may be used as fuel for driving engine.of may be used as fuel for driving engine.
Gasifier is the set of devices used to perform gasification.Gasifier is the set of devices used to perform gasification.

Basic Process ChemistryBasic Process Chemistry
• Conversion of solid fuels into combustible gasConversion of solid fuels into combustible gas
mixture called producer gasmixture called producer gas (CO + H(CO + H22 + CH+ CH44))
• Involves partial combustion of biomassInvolves partial combustion of biomass
• Four distinct process in the gasifier viz.Four distinct process in the gasifier viz.
• DryingDrying
• PyrolysisPyrolysis
• CombustionCombustion
• ReductionReduction
What is Gasification and GasifierWhat is Gasification and Gasifier

What We Learnt
Biomass gasification
Mini grid (solar PV system)
Waste to biogas

Gasification –
Basic Process Chemistry
Schematic

ApplicationsApplications
Thermal Applications
 Hot Air Generators
 Dryers
 Boilers
 Thermic Fluid Heaters
 Ovens
 Furnaces & Kilns
Power Generation
 Irrigation Pumping
 Village Electrification
 Captive Power (Industries)
 Grid-fed Power
 Simultaneous Charcoal and
 Power Production

A gasification plant with flow diagramA gasification plant with flow diagram

Biomass that can be used…Biomass that can be used…
very wide variety of feedstock can be used with simple processing in terms of
sizing and moisture reduction to less than 20%, bulk density of above 100
kgs/m3 & free flowing nature..
Rice husk (as is basis &
no need to briquette)
Agri-residues like
Cotton / Soyabean /
Mustard stalks, Corn
Cobs
Shells of Arecanut,
Almond, Cashewnut,
Groundnut, Coconut
Waste Wood, Wood
chips, Plywood & Saw
mill wastes
Branches & Twigs Bamboo pieces & Pine
needles
Sugarcane bagasse &
Sugarcane trash
(briquetted)
Wild bushes and weeds
like Prosopis Juliflora,
Lantana, Invader Bush
etc.
Greening of waste
lands though
production of sturdy
Energy species.

A gasification plant with raw materials (wood chips)A gasification plant with raw materials (wood chips)

Benefits…
Biomass thermal gasification
• Green electricity.
• Use the systems to also generate steam, chilling, hot water, hot
air.
• High PLFs about 80%.
• Quick and modular solutions with minimum pollution.
• Generate high energy, high value charcoal & biochar as by-
product.
• Much smaller water and space requirements as compared to
other technologies.
• Fuel consumption – around 1.2 ± 0.2 kgs / kW-hr

Biomass thermal gasification
• Lack of available biomass (wood chips) and high value of
biomass;
• Require more technical and operational maintenance than solar
and biogas technologies;
• Equipments and technology are not locally available;
• Require skilled manpower;
• Effluent from gasifier need to safe disposal ;
• Compression ignition (diesel) engines cannot run completely on
produced gas.
Suitability of Biomass Gasification technologies in context of Bangladesh

Mini/micro Grid Solar PV SystemMini/micro Grid Solar PV System

Mini/micro gridMini/micro grid
A mini/micro grid is an electricity distribution
network operating typically below 11 KV,
providing electricity to a localized community and
derives electricity from a diverse range of small
local generators using renewable energy
technologies with or without its own storage.
For solar it may be 12/24/48V DC or 220V AC.

How mini grid works….
Either AC or DC
Typically 1kWp to 500 kWp
Technologies
Solar PV
Biomass gasifier
Mini/micro hydro
Usually community managed, lately private sector also setting up mini grids
Covers around typically 50-500 households

8.7 KW Community Based Solar Power Plant of TARA8.7 KW Community Based Solar Power Plant of TARA

Battery bank for Community Based Solar Power Plant (25kW)Battery bank for Community Based Solar Power Plant (25kW)

Community Based Solar Power Plant (25kW)Community Based Solar Power Plant (25kW)

Lessons learntLessons learnt
 Decentralized, usually low capacity, covering remote areas
 Usually domestic loads served
 Community as stakeholder
 Tariff based on flat rate (locally decided, depending on O&M
cost)
 Can be profitable in nature

Lessons learnt contd…Lessons learnt contd…
 Inability to meet increased demand
 Low plant load factor (ratio of average load to capacity)
 Single energy resource catering to fixed load for fixed time
 Battery – Vulnerable, over draw, expensive, recycling
 Difficulty in O&M because of remoteness
 Limited technical knowledge of VEC (Village Energy
Committee) – frequent system shutdown
 Not linked to any productive enterprise

Challenges for Mini-gridChallenges for Mini-grid
 PolicyPolicy
– Absence of clear regulation for off-grid sectorAbsence of clear regulation for off-grid sector
– Absence of standard set of implementation guidelinesAbsence of standard set of implementation guidelines
 TechnologyTechnology
– High initial cost of technologyHigh initial cost of technology
– Metering (locally produced low wattMetering (locally produced low watt DC energy meterDC energy meter is notis not
available). Some typically found meters have high no load lossavailable). Some typically found meters have high no load loss
and high price.and high price.
 FinanceFinance
– Capital subsidy inadequate for ensuring long term sustainabilityCapital subsidy inadequate for ensuring long term sustainability
– Banks avers to providing financing because of lack ofBanks avers to providing financing because of lack of
information of such projectsinformation of such projects

 Community Based Renewable Service System can be establish asCommunity Based Renewable Service System can be establish as
SME;SME;
 Long term intensive follow up and motivation is required to run aLong term intensive follow up and motivation is required to run a
decentralised energy service system;decentralised energy service system;
Key Lessons learnt

ThanksThanks
Any Questions?Any Questions?

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