The document provides details for the design of a fire extinguisher, including drawings and specifications for 14 individual parts, bills of materials, production process charts, and requirements for the manufacturing facility such as the number of machines and employees needed. It aims to facilitate the planning and production of a fire extinguisher through comprehensive documentation of its component design and manufacturing needs.
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Facility Planning for Fire extinguisher
1. Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering
Production Engineering
Department
3rd Year
2nd
Semester (2014/2015)
Facility Planning
Group Members
ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ
ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺎﺩﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺎﺩ 3 59
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻼء ﻣﺎﺯﻥ5 90
ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺇﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺇﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ 5 94
ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ6 117
ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ6 124
ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ7 138
Final Report
Group ID : 20
Group project : Fire extinguisher
2. 1 | P a g e
Facilities planning Report 1
Fire extinguisher
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
Task 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Detailed design of product component .............................................................................. 4
1‐Body of control valve.............................................................................................................................................4
2‐Swivel.....................................................................................................................................................................4
3‐Locking nut (2) .......................................................................................................................................................5
4‐Swivel nut...............................................................................................................................................................5
5‐handle ....................................................................................................................................................................6
6‐Trigger....................................................................................................................................................................6
7‐Check valve spring .................................................................................................................................................7
8‐Check valve ............................................................................................................................................................7
9‐Locking nut (1) .......................................................................................................................................................8
10‐Powder tube ........................................................................................................................................................8
11‐Fire extinguisher body .........................................................................................................................................9
12‐ Fire extinguisher horn.........................................................................................................................................9
13‐Locking pin.........................................................................................................................................................10
14‐Pressure gauge...................................................................................................................................................10
Exploded assembly drawing .............................................................................................. 11
Parts List ............................................................................................................................ 12
Bill of material ................................................................................................................... 13
Route sheet ....................................................................................................................... 14
Part (1) Control valve ..............................................................................................................................................14
Part (5) Handle........................................................................................................................................................15
Part (6) Trigger ........................................................................................................................................................15
Part (8) Check valve.................................................................................................................................................16
Part (11) Fire extinguisher body..............................................................................................................................16
Assembly chart .................................................................................................................. 18
Operation Process chart .................................................................................................... 19
Task2 ..................................................................................................................................... 20
List of machines required to produce the product ........................................................... 20
Annual demand for part and its components ................................................................... 20
3. 2 | P a g e
Annual demand for part..........................................................................................................................................20
Annual demand for the components......................................................................................................................20
Scrap estimate ................................................................................................................... 21
Worker efficiency and reliability of each machine ............................................................ 21
Number of machines required of each type ..................................................................... 22
1‐CNC (Machining) ..................................................................................................................................................23
2‐Power hacksaw (Cutting).....................................................................................................................................23
3‐Induction furnace (Melting).................................................................................................................................23
4‐Mechanical and hydraulic press (Drawing)..........................................................................................................23
5‐Automatic sandblast equipment (Finishing)........................................................................................................23
6‐Capstan lathe (Machining)...................................................................................................................................23
7‐Center lathe (Machining).....................................................................................................................................24
8‐Screw press (Drawing) .........................................................................................................................................24
Task3 ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Approximate number of employees in the production area ............................................ 24
Task4 ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Name of departments in the production area .................................................................. 25
Appropriate layout (cellular layout) .................................................................................. 25
Guide.......................................................................................................................................................................26
Final layout..............................................................................................................................................................27
Material flow diagram within the area ............................................................................. 28
The production area layout ............................................................................................... 29
Labels ......................................................................................................................................................................30
The required production area ........................................................................................... 30
Task 5 .................................................................................................................................... 30
Employee parking .............................................................................................................. 30
Food service ...................................................................................................................... 32
Locker rooms ..................................................................................................................... 32
Layout ................................................................................................................................ 33
For workers who need to change their clothes ......................................................................................................33
For workers who don't need to change their clothes.............................................................................................34
Health Services .................................................................................................................. 34
Restroom ........................................................................................................................... 34
Final layout ........................................................................................................................ 36
Task 6 .................................................................................................................................... 37
4. 3 | P a g e
First from raw material or bought parts storage to the plant ........................................... 37
List of raw material and parts needed....................................................................................................................37
List of bought parts needed....................................................................................................................................37
Second flow of product parts in the plant ......................................................................... 39
In each department: ...............................................................................................................................................39
Between the departments:.....................................................................................................................................39
Third flow of final product from the plant to the warehouse and inside it ....................... 40
5. 4 | P a g e
Introduction
A fire extinguisher, or extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to
extinguish or control small fires, often in emergencies. It is not intended for use on
an out‐of‐control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the
user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires
the expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand‐
held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent, which can be discharged to
extinguish a fire.
Task 1
Detailed design of product component
(Every part has isometric view, front view, side view and top view)
1-Body of control valve
Fig 1 Body of control valve
2-Swivel
Fig 2 Swivel
6. 5 | P a g e
3-Locking nut (2)
Fig 3 Locking nut 2
4-Swivel nut
Fig 4 Swivel nut
7. 6 | P a g e
5-handle
Fig 5 handle
6-Trigger
Fig 6 Trigger
8. 7 | P a g e
7-Check valve spring
Fig 7 Check valve spring
8-Check valve
Fig 8 Check valve
9. 8 | P a g e
9-Locking nut (1)
Fig 9 Locking nut (1)
10-Powder tube
Fig 9 Powder tube
10. 9 | P a g e
11-Fire extinguisher body
Fig 10 Fire extinguisher body
12- Fire extinguisher horn
Fig 11 Fire extinguisher horn
11. 10 | P a g e
13-Locking pin
Fig 12 Locking pin
14-Pressure gauge
Fig 13 Pressure gauge
12. 11 | P a g e
Exploded assembly drawing
Fig 14 Exploded assembly drawing
Part Number PART NAME
1 Body of control valve
2 Swivel
3 locking Knut (2)
4 swivel Knut
5 Handle
6 Trigger
7 Check valve spring
8 Check valve
9 locking Knut (1)
10 powder tube
11 fire extinguisher body
12 fire extinguisher horn
13 locking pin
14 pressure gauge
13. 12 | P a g e
Parts List
Part
Number
Part
Name
Drawing
Number
Quantity
Per Unit
Material Size
(Dimensions in
mm.)
Make
or Buy
01 Valve 1 1 Brass Diameter: 15.88
Diameter: 14.73
Make
02 Swivel 2 1 Cast Iron Diameter: 7.92
Length: 39.70
Buy
03 Locking
Nut 2
3 1 Low Carbon
Steel
Diameter: 14.73
Diameter: 22
Buy
04 Swivel Nut 4 1 Low Carbon
Steel
Inner Diameter:
6.86
Thickness: 5.56
Buy
05 Handle 5 1 Aluminum Length: 131.93
Pin hole
Diameter: 4.78
Make
06 Trigger 6 1 Aluminum Length: 82.03
Pin Hole
Diameter: 4.78
Make
07 Check
Valve
Spring
7 1 Steel Diameter: 5.08 Buy
08 Check
Valve
8 1 Aluminum Length: 83.62
Diameter:
Small: 5.08
Large: 14.68
Make
09 Locking
Nut 1
9 1 Low Carbon
Steel
Diameter:
Inner: 14.73
Outer: 15.88
Buy
10 Syphon
Tube
10 1 Aluminum Diameter: 11.13
Length: 361. 54
Buy
11 Body 11 1 Steel Length: 368
Diameter: 109
Make
12 Horn 12 1 Plastic Opening
Diameter: 50
Hose Diameter:
7.92
Buy
14. 13 | P a g e
13 Locking
Pin
13 1 Cast Iron Length: 46.02
Diameter: 3.18
Buy
14 Gauge 14 1 Plastic Length: 13
Diameter: 10
Buy
Bill of material
Pin
Spring
Fire
Extinguisher
Body
Handle Locking
Nut 2
Check
Valve
Swivel
Valve
Pressure
Gauge
Locking
Nut 1
Horn
Trigger
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
(1) (1) (1) (1)
(1) (1)
(1)
(1) (1)
(1)
(1)
(1) 0901
0401
0501
0301
0801
0701
1101
0601 0101
1201
1401
1301
15. 14 | P a g e
Route sheet
Part (1) Control valve
Company: Maanshan Tianrui Industrial Co., Ltd. Product: Fire extinguisher
Part name: Control valve Part # 1
Raw material: Brass rods
Oper.
#
Operation
Name
Machine Tool Department Operation
time
Setup
time
0101 Cutting Power
Hacksaw
300 mm
hacksaw
blade
Machining
department
10 sec 30 min
0102 Heating
Melting
Induction
Furnace
950 C
furnace
Special
furnace
room
10‐30 min 30 ~ 90
min
0103 Forging Mechanical
Press
200 ton
Press die
press
Press
department
10 sec 30 min
0104 Cutting of
flanges
(shearing)
Mechanical
Press
30 ton die
Press
Press
department
10 sec 30 min
0105 Straight
Turning
CNC Straight‐
lined tool
CNC
department
5 sec 20 min
0106 threading CNC Multi‐
diameters
threading
tools
CNC
department
3 sec per
process
20 min
0107 Drilling 6 holes
for
( handle‐
trigger‐bypass
ball‐Pressure
gauge)
CNC Multi
diameters
twist drills
CNC
department
10 sec 20 min
0108 Sand blasting Automatic
Sandblast
Equipment
Aluminum
oxide
granules
Sand
blasting Unit
3 minutes 60 min
16. 15 | P a g e
Part (5) Handle
Company: Maanshan Tianrui Industrial Co., Ltd. Product: Fire extinguisher
Part name: Handle Part # 5
Raw material: Aluminum Sheets
Oper.
#
Operation
name
Machine Tool Department Operation
Time
Set-up
Time
0501
Punching and
Blanking
Hydraulic
press
Punch
and Die
Press
Department
3 Sec 30 min
0502 Bending
Screw
press
Punch
and Die
Press
Department
6 Sec 30 min
Part (6) Trigger
Company: Maanshan Tianrui Industrial Co., Ltd. Product: Fire extinguisher
Part name: Trigger Part # 6
Raw material: Aluminum Sheets
Oper.
#
Operation
name
Machine Tool Department Operation
Time
Set-up
Time
0601
Punching and
Blanking
Hydraulic
press
Punch
and Die
Press
Department
3 Sec 30 min
0602 Bending
Screw
press
Punch
and Die
Press
Department
6 Sec 30 min
17. 16 | P a g e
Part (8) Check valve
Company: Maanshan Tianrui Industrial Co., Ltd. Product: Fire extinguisher
Part name: Check valve Part # 8
Raw material: Aluminum
Oper.
#
Operation
name
Machine Tool Department Operation
time
Setup
time
0801 Facing Capstan
Lathe
spot
facing tool
Machining
department
5 sec 10 min
0802 Straight turning
(multi Sections)
(5.08 &14.68
mm diameters)
Capstan
Lathe
Straight‐
lined tool
Machining
department
2 min 10 min
0803 Cutoff Capstan
Lathe
83.62 mm
cut off
Machining
department
5 sec 10 min
0804 Straight
turning (5.08
mm diameter)
Center
lathe
Straight‐
lined tool
Machining
department
2 min 1 min
Part (11) Fire extinguisher body
Company: Maanshan Tianrui Industrial Co., Ltd. Product: Fire extinguisher
Part name: Body Part # 11
Raw material: Steel Blanks
Oper.
#
Operation
name
Machine Tool Department
Operation
time
Set-up
Time
1101
Drawing
(Second part)
Hydraulic
press
punch and
die
(109.72
mm)
diameter
Press
Department
15 Sec 30 min
1102
Trimming
(Second part)
Hydraulic
press
punch and
die
Press
Department
5 Sec 30 min
18. 17 | P a g e
1103
Blanking
(Second part)
Hydraulic
press
punch and
die
Press
Department
5 Sec 30 min
1104
Facing,
Drilling,
External,
Internal
turning ,
internal
threading
and cutoff
(First part)
Capstan
lathe
Drill,
External,
Internal
and
Thread
cutter
Machining
Department
2 min 10 min
1105
Drawing
(Third part)
Hydraulic
press
punch and
die
Press
Department
5 Sec 30 min
1106
Punching
(Third part)
Hydraulic
press
punch and
die
Press
Department
5 Sec 30 min
19. 18 | P a g e
SSA‐
1
SA‐2
SA‐1
0201
A‐3
A‐2
SA‐3
A‐1
A‐4 1501
0701
0901
1001
1201
1401
0401
Control
Valve
I‐1
Packing Material
Check
Valve
Swivel
Locking
Nut 2
Body Syphon Tube
Swivel
Pressure
Gauge
Horn
SSA
‐1
1301
Locking
Pin Trigger
Check
Valve
Locking
Nut 1
Assembly chart
21. 20 | P a g e
Task2
List of machines required to produce the product
Machine number Machine name
1
CNC
2
Power Hacksaw
3
Induction Furnace
4
Mechanical and hydraulic
Press
5
Automatic Sandblast
Equipment
6
Capstan Lathe
7
Centre Lathe
8
Screw Press
Annual demand for part and its components
Annual demand for part
About 90,000 units from fire extinguisher is required per year.
Therefore, the daily requirement is about 36 unit/8 hour's shift.
90000
12 ∗ 26 ∗ 8
36 8
Annual demand for the components
Part Annual requirement
1‐Valve 90000
2‐Swivel 90000
3‐Locking Nut 90000
4‐Swivel Nut 90000
5‐Handle 90000
22. 21 | P a g e
6‐Trigger 90000
7‐Check Valve Spring 90000
8‐Check Valve 90000
9‐Locking Nut 90000
10‐powder Tube 90000
11‐Body 90000
12‐Horn 90000
13‐Locking Pin 270000
14‐Gauge 90000
Scrap estimate
Worker efficiency and reliability of each machine
Machine Name Reliability
Efficiency
(per average worker)
CNC 96% 98%
Power Hacksaw 94% 96%
Induction Furnace
88% 95%
PART operations scrap Percentage
Body of control valve Turning, threading,
drilling
2%
Handle Cutting 1%
Trigger HeatingMelting 2%
Check valve Punching, drawing,
blanking, trimming,
shearing, forging
4%
fire extinguisher body Sand blasting
1%
23. 22 | P a g e
Mechanical and Hydraulic
Press
98% 97%
Automatic Sandblast
Equipment
94% 95%
Capstan Lathe 98% 96%
Center lathe 99% 96%
Screw press 99% 98%
Number of machines required of each type
Number of units to be processed (Q) =
Where
P: percentage of scrap
Machine Fraction (F) =
Where
F: Number of machine required per unit time
Q: Number of units to be processed
H: Amount of time available
E: Worker efficiency
R: Machine reliability
S: Standard time per unit product
25. 24 | P a g e
F =
∗ .
∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ .
∗
∗ ∗
= 0.04 = 1
7-Center lathe (Machining)
Q =
.
= 36.73
F =
∗ ∗ .
∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ .
∗ ∗
= 0.16 = 1
8-Screw press (Drawing)
Q =
.
=75
F =
∗
∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ .
∗
∗ ∗
= 0.08 = 1
Task3
Approximate number of employees in the production area
Machine number Machine name No of workers
1
CNC
2
2
Power Hacksaw
2
3
Induction Furnace
3 X 2 = 6
4
Mechanical and hydraulic
Press 3
5
Automatic Sandblast
Equipment 2 X 2 = 4
6
Capstan Lathe 3
7
Centre Lathe 3
8
Screw Press 3
Assembly number of workers = 10
2 2 6 3 4 3 3 3 10 36 .
26. 25 | P a g e
We have another production area with the same layout, number of workers = 36 worker.
For two production areas cleaners, number of workers = 10 worker.
Security, number of workers = 10 worker.
Administrative Officer = 20 worker.
Cafeteria, number of workers = 8 workers.
Store, number of workers = 10 workers.
Number of engineers = 10 engineer.
Total number of workers = 36+36+10+10+20+8+10+10=140 worker.
Task4
Name of departments in the production area
Department Symbol
Machining department A
Mechanical Press' department B
Induction Furnace Room C
Automatic Sandblast Equipment
room
D
CNC Machines E
Forging department F
Assembly Process G
Appropriate layout (cellular layout)
We choose cellular layout because of cellular manufacturing is suitable for our product
because of variety of fire extinguisher volumes.
27. 26 | P a g e
Guide
Machine number Machine name Part number Part name
1 CNC 1 Control Valve
2 Power Hacksaw 2 Handle
3 Induction Furnace 3 Trigger
4 Mechanical and
hydraulic Press
4 Check valve
5 Automatic Sandblast
Equipment
5 Fire extinguish body
6 Capstan Lathe
7 Centre Lathe
8 Screw Press
Machine number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sum
1 1 1 1 1 1 5
2 1 1 2
3 1 1 2
4 1 1 2
5 1 1 2
sum 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 2
7 5 3 2 1 8 6 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
5 1 1
4 1 1
3 1 1
2 1 1
PartNumber
29. 28 | P a g e
Material flow diagram within the area
30. 29 | P a g e
The production area layout
Fig 15 production area layout
31. 30 | P a g e
Labels
Letter name
A Hacksaw
B Capstan lathe
C Induction Furnace
D Induction Furnace
E Centre lathe
F Sandblast unit (2)
G Hydraulic press
H Screw press
I CNC
J Hydraulic press
The required production area
25.445 ∗ 17.55 446.55975 ~ 450
Task 5
Employee parking
Cars Number= 140/1.25= 112 cars
1. Standard cars= 112*.55= 62 cars
PW= 6’
W= 45’3’’
2. Compact cars+ 112*.40= 45 cars
PW= 5’40’’
W= 36’8’’
3. Handicapped cars= 112*.05= 6 cars
θ = 45˚
Y= 16*cos(45)= 11’19’’
Width= 160’ (Assumption)
Total depth= (1*36’8’’) + (2*45’3’’)= 127’
Row 1:
No. of spaces = (160‐11.31)/5.66= 26 spaces for compact cars
Row 2:
32. 31 | P a g e
No. of spaces = (160‐11.31‐15‐15)/5.66= 20 spaces (but 19 just 19 spaces are needed)
Row 3:
No. of spaces = (160‐11.31‐15‐15)/ 6= 19 spaces for standard cars
Row 4:
No. of spaces = (160‐11.31‐15‐15)/6= 19 spaces for standard cars
Row 5:
No. of spaces = (16011.31‐‐15‐15)/6= 19 spaces for standard cars
Row 6:
Total space= 160‐11.31=148.69’
Actual space = 5 standard cars + 6 HC= (5*6) + (6 *12) = 102’ < 148.69’
Fig 26 production area layout
127
160
26 Compact
19 Compact
19 Standard
5 Standard Cars +
19 Standard
15’
26
19 Standard
33. 32 | P a g e
Food service
140 workers will require 140 vending machines and a cafeteria
1 Vending Machine = 1 square feet
Vending Machines Area = 140 square feet
Cafeteria Area= 12 x 140 = 1680 square feet
Total Area = 1680 + 140 = 1820 square feet = 169 m2
Locker rooms
According to reference "Facilities Planning ‐Tompkins ‐ 3rd Edition"
For workers who need to change their clothes
Location for storage of personal belongings should be provided between the
employee entrance and work area.
In our case, we have 120 employees that need to change their clothes
Number of workers in onr ptoduction line 2 2 6 3 4 3 3 3
10 36 worker.
We have another production line with the same layout, number of workers = 36
worker.
For two production areas cleaners, number of workers = 10 worker.
Security, number of workers = 10 worker.
Cafeteria, number of workers = 8 workers.
Store, number of workers = 10 workers.
Number of engineers = 10 engineer.
Total number of workers = 36+36+10+10+8+10+10=120 worker.
For workers who don't need to change their clothes
They typically store lunches, briefcases, and purses at their place of work.
Their storage location may be located in an adjacent to the employee entrance.
In our case, we have administrative Officer = 20 worker.
Common rules
Locker rooms are provided for each sex even if clothes changing is not required.
Each employee should be assigned a locker.
For planning purposes, 6 should be allocated for each person using the locker
room.
If toilet facilities are to be included, they must be physically separated from the locker
room area should lunches be stored in the lockers.
34. 33 | P a g e
Locker rooms are often located along an outside wall adjacent to the employee
entrance. This provides excellent ventilation and employee convenience while not
interfering with the flow of work within the facility.
Layout
For workers who need to change their clothes
Every wall contain 30 lockers suitable for 30 employees
single wall lenght 30 ∗ 6 180 ft
We have male workers only
35. 34 | P a g e
Fig 17 (Locker rooms layout)
For workers who don't need to change their clothes
Every wall contains 10 lockers suitable for 10 employees.
single wall lenght 10 ∗ 6 60 ft
Fig 18 (Entrance layout)
Health Services
Our facility must have first aid kit with program for workers to learn and use first aid
treatment and small hospital with major medical treatment.
Restroom
Layout with typical fixture clearance for 140 employees, which use it.
38. 37 | P a g e
Task 6
To determine material handling system we must specify materials characteristics and the
paths between buildings that the materials flow through it. In our facility we have storage,
plant, and warehouse.
First from raw material or bought parts storage to the plant
List of raw material and parts needed
No Part Raw material
1 Valve Brass Rods
2 Handle and Trigger Aluminum sheets
3 Body Steel sheets
List of bought parts needed
No Part
4 Swivel
5 Nut ( for locking and swivels )
6 Check Valve Spring
7 Syphon Tube
8 Horn
9 Locking Pin
10 Gauge
1‐Brass rods
Type of material handling:
Manual Pallet Jack
Fig 20 (Manual Pallet Jack)
Reason:
Brass rods have small dimension, (light weighted), and require no stack capability.
Principle:
39. 38 | P a g e
Ergonomic Principle (Fitting the job to the abilities of the worker reducing the weight
of a load that the worker carries.
2.3 Aluminum and steel sheets (for Handle, Trigger, and body)
Type of material handling:
Forklift.
Fig 21 (Fork lift)
Reason:
variable paths, with no restrictions on the area covered by the movement
Insufficient (or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot be
justified.
Principle:
Unit Load Principle( A unit load is one that can be moved or stored as a single entity
at one time, regardless of the number of items in that load).
For parts 4~10:
Type of material handling:
Wheel Handed Truck
Fig 22 (Wheel Handed Truck)
Reason:
• Provide more flexibility in movement than conveyors and cranes.
40. 39 | P a g e
• Move materials over variable (horizontal) paths with no restrictions on the area
covered (i.e., unrestricted area).
Principle:
Standardization Principle(Less variety and customization in the methods and
equipment employed).
Second flow of product parts in the plant
In each department:
Conveyors.
Since we need to transport a large number of products through a short distance from a
machine to the other.
Fig 23 (Conveyors)
Between the departments:
We use different types due to different reasons.
Fork lift.
Is used to transfer the heavier parts (Extinguisher Body) and the large number of parts for
large distances to the assembling station.
Fig 24 (Fork lift)
Manual Hand Trucks.
41. 40 | P a g e
As the “Shelf Economy Wire Cart” can also be used for the transportation of the less
number of parts through the shorter distances.
Fig 25 (Manual Hand Truck)
Third flow of final product from the plant to the warehouse and inside it
Product which will be handling is the final product (Fire extinguisher).
The methods used and available:‐
Automatic Guided Vehicles.
Fig 26 (Automatic Guided Vehicles)
Reason:‐
1‐Easy to use it for transport products inside the store and between the rows.
2‐Products will be heavy so use AGV.
3‐good for finish work quickly and high safety.
4‐Safe time.
Principle:
42. 41 | P a g e
Ergonomic Principle (Fitting the job to the abilities of the worker reducing the weight of
a load that the worker carries.
Fork Lift.
Fig 27 (Fork lift)
Reason:
Variable paths, with no restrictions on the area covered by the movement Insufficient
(or intermittent) flow volume such that the use of a conveyor cannot be justified.
Principle:
Unit Load Principle( A unit load is one that can be moved or stored as a single entity at
one time, regardless of the number of items in that load).