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FCE writing tips for anyone who are struggling

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The document provides guidance on how to write an essay, noting that an essay analyzes a topic from different perspectives while expressing an opinion. It states that an essay should have a clear purpose, formal tone and style, coherent structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, and well-connected ideas presented in a logical order. The document also provides examples of essay structures and questions to help understand the requirements of writing a Part 1 essay.

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How to write an essay? | B2 First (FCE) An essay is writing in which we analyse a topic, a situation or an issue from different points of view, providing arguments and expressing our opinion about it. An essay must have the following features: •Purpose: When writing an essay, we analyze and evaluate an interesting or controversial topic. •Tone and style: An essay is written in a formal style, so we must stick to an objective tone and style. Our language must be formal, thus avoiding words that are simply too common or generic (e.g.: things, stuff, get, etc.) and contractions (e.g.: can’t, don’t, won’t, etc.).
How to write an essay? | B2 First (FCE) An essay is writing in which we analyse a topic, a situation or an issue from different points of view, providing arguments and expressing our opinion about it. An essay must have the following features: •Structure: It should have an introductory paragraph and a conclusion at the end. The body should consist of 2 or 3 main paragraphs, depending on how you decide to structure your ideas. •Coherence: Coherence is essential in every type of writing, but especially in an essay. Avoid writing incoherent and short paragraphs that have nothing to do with one another. Your ideas must follow a logical order and be well connected
B2 First (FCE) Essay: Structure Introduction Present and develop the essay question in your introduction 1 st body paragraph State your 1st argument and give a reason. This should be your main point. 2 nd body paragraph State your 2nd argument and give a reason. 3 rd body paragraph (optional) State your 3d argument and give a reason. Conclusion Give your opinion
Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic using a general statement and give your opinion. Say whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Paragraph 2: Give the first reason to support your opinion. Provide specific justifications for your opinion, using examples if necessary. Paragraph 3: Give the second reason to support your opinion. Provide specific justifications for your opinion, using examples if necessary. Paragraph 4: Give the third reason to support your opinion. Make sure this is clearly different from the points you made in the previous 2 paragraphs. Paragraph 5: Summarise your ideas and repeat your opinion using different words to provide a strong conclusion. Here’s a useful structure for an opinion essay:
How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Sample Essay Question: For this essay, you have been talking about the environment in your class. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. Every country in the world has problems with pollution and damage to the environment. Do you think these problems can be solved? Notes Write about: 1. transport 2. rivers and seas 3. _______________ (your own idea) Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Answer the following questions: 1. In the exam, do you have to do this question? 2. How many words do you have to write? 3. Who are you writing the essay for? 4. How many ideas must you write about? 5. Which two ideas must you include? 6. You need to provide the third idea yourself.
How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Answers: 1. In the exam, do you have to do this question? yes, it’s compulsory 2. How many words do you have to write? 140 – 190 words 3. Who are you writing the essay for? your teacher 4. How many ideas must you write about? at least three 5. Which two ideas must you include? transport rivers and seas 6. You need to provide the third idea yourself. Think of at least two ideas. e.g. factories and the pollution they make alternative energy – solar power
How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Pollution Problems Many countries in the world have problems with pollution and damage to their environment.(1)____________ , is it possible to solve these problems? Here are three ways that we could start to make a difference. (2) _____________, we need to think more carefully about the transport we use as the exhaust fumes from petrol and diesel cars are polluting our cities. (3)____________, we should switch to electric vehicles (4)_________ we can breathe fresh air again there. (5)___________ , we must reduce using plastic bottles as these end up in our rivers and sea. The plastic gets broken down into small pieces (6)__________the fish eat, and this can lead to a slow and painful death for them. (7) __________, we should reduce the electricity in our homes as power often comes from fossil-fueled stations which generate much pollution. If we turned off a few unnecessary lights and gadgets,(8)_________ make a difference. (9)_____________ , solving the pollution problem can seem challenging. (10)___________ , it affects us all, so we need to make the changes in our life to improve the situation.
Choose the correct word to complete the gaps. so that Furthermore this could However Therefore Firstly for all Finally so which On the whole Link: https://www.esleschool.com/b2-pollution-problems/ (for more practice exercises) Cambridge English_ First (FCE) Writing Part 1.pdf
Every country in the world has problems with pollution and damage to the environment. Do you think these problems can be solved? Pollution and environmental damage is a global issue with countless countries suffering the affects. There are also iniciatives to help combatting this problem to keep our planet safe. Firstly, our dependance on our cars have led to extremely low air quality in our cities. The public needs to be aware of this threat and use public transports more, or turn to more environmentally-friendly alternatives such as electric or hybrid vehicles. Secondly, rivers and seas they are also at risk and marine animals have suffered horrificly over the years due to oil slicks. It take a long time for the affected areas to recover. Therefore, there ought to be tighter controls so that boats and ships are safer. Finally, the litter is a huge issue both on land and at sea. Animals get hurt by the rubbish wich finds its way into their habitats. In order to stop this, we should reduce the amount of waste we generate and recycle as much as possible. In conclusion, humans harm the enviroment in numerous ways. However, with greater public awareness, stricter regulations and more co-operation from large corporations, we can certainly reduce the risk.
Environmental pollution is one of the major global issues in the 21st century. Some people worried about the negative impact of transportation and industrial production. I think that we can take steps to reduce the environmental damage. Firstly, transportation is a significant contributor to air pollution through carbon dioxide emissions. Nowadays, the number of cars on our streets is growing all the time, and cheap air travel is making flying accessible to more and more people. Governments could put effort into reducing air pollution. For example, they could impose “green taxes’ on drivers and airline companies. In this way, people would be encouraged to use public transport and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions. As individuals, we should also try to limit our contribution to air pollution, by becoming more energy efficient, by flying less, and by using bicycles and public transport. Secondly, careless oil companies are responsible for water pollution when oil tankers or oil rigs leak oil into the ocean. Humans are destroying the homes of millions of aquatic creatures, some of which we know little to nothing about. If governments force all the oil companies to build robust tankers and to adopt more stringent safety procedures on their oil rigs, accidents and leaks will less likely happen. Finally, most factories burn fossil fuels which cause climate change. Leaders should encourage producers to either cut their consumption of fuel through tax incentives or invest in alternative sources of energy. For instance, nuclear power stations are cleaner than fossil fuel power stations, and could help to reduce carbon emissions that contribute to global warming. In conclusion, it seems to me that environmental problem is the worrying concern and individuals have a crucial role in joining hands with the government in reducing the harm caused to the environment. Lack of individual participation could mean that addressing the environmental issue is beyond reach.
Examiner mark scheme 1. Content 1. Have you included all the points from the question in your notes? 2. 2. Is your writing too long/short? 2. Communicative achievement 1. Have you given a clear reason to justify each point? 2. Have you given your opinion in the first and the final paragraph – but using different words. 3. Organisation 1. Is your writing organised into clear paragraphs? 2. Have you included linking words to connect your ideas? 4. Language 1. Have you checked your spelling carefully? 2. Have you used a variety of adjectives/adverbs? If you have repeated words, can you use synonyms?
FCE writing tips for anyone who are struggling
FCE writing tips for anyone who are struggling
Sample Question: Some parents teach their children at home rather than sending them to school. Is this a good or a bad thing for the children? Notes Write about: 1. having a parent as a teacher 2. making friends 3. ...................... (your own idea)
Here is a model answer, with examiner feedback. Nowadays, more and more parents are making the controversial decision to teach their children at home rather than sending them to school. Although this approach to education has advantages, pupils who learn only at home definitely lose more oportunities. First, children who don’t go to school only know two teachers, the same people who are also their parents. Because of this, the pupils may not learn other points of view outside their family. Besides this, there is also the question if parents have the qualifications and knowledge to teach every subject. Perhaps their mother and father are experts in one or two subjects, but any school provides teachers expert in every subject. We should remember that there is more to education than learning about topics. In addition, going to school is also a way to meet people your own age and to make friends. It is clear that children can socialise better at school, and as a result, children at school will have the chance to start many lifelong relationships. I agree that parents can have some good reasons for having home school, but overall, considering teachers and friends, it’s much better for children to attend school
How to write an article? | B2 First (FCE) Article Structure Attractive title (to capture attention of the reader) Introduction paragraph Present the topic in a general way, but like the title, make it interesting. You also need to make it clear what the article is about. Paragraph 2 (subtask 1) Develop your main point with reasons and examples. Paragraph 3 (subtask 2) Develop your final key point with reasons and examples. You can include a recommendation here or in the conclusion. Closing paragraph Summaries your main points and make a recommendation if you haven’t already. Speak directly to the reader by using a question to keep them thinking about your message.
Useful phrases Rhetorical questions • Have you ever…? • Do you ever wonder…? • Are you one of those people who…? • What would you say if I told you that…? • Imagine a world in which… Introducing new ideas • To begin with, … • Let's start with … • The coolest thing about… is… • What attracts me most about…is… • Another thing to consider is… • Secondly, • In addition to…, • Moreover, • All in all,
Giving your own opinion • I think that / In my opinion ... • It seems to me that ... • If you ask me, ... • To my mind… Concluding the article • In conclusion, • On the whole, • To sum up, • To conclude, • All in all,
THE PERFECT HOLIDAY DESTINATION Have you found the perfect holiday destination? if so, write us an article: • describing the place • saying why it is special for you. We will publish the best article next month. Sample Essays
Sample Essays Answer: I don’t know If I have found the perfect holiday destination but I’m sum that Watamu is the beet place I have ever visited. Watamu Is a small village on the coastline of Kenya. It takes three hours to arrive there by car from the capital Nairobi but it’s a trip that is worth to be done. When I booked the holiday I thought I was going to spend all the time laying on the beach. I was wrong! Once arrived there I discovered a lots of way to have fun. The sea and the white beaches with the palms am stunning but them something mom you can enjoy. The countryside is also Interesting and people are friendly and sell the products of their poor country always smiling. And you cannot imagine how amazing is to make a safari In the park. Because of the very hot temperature, you have to set out very early in the morning if you want to see all the animals. The landscape of the park is fascinating, everything seems to very dry, them are no trees Just bushes. Driving on yourjeep you discover something real& special: a wild world full of life.
Sample Essays Articles wanted MUSIC AND ME When do you listen to music? How do you choose what to listen to at different times? Write us an article answering these questions. The best articles will be posted on our website.
Answer: I always listen to music, wherever I go I have my headphones on my ears. Listening to what I like satisfy’s me and makes me calm all the time. When the bus is taking me to school I listen to the music so I could wake up. I love to listen to classical music, jazz, rock, hip-hop, dubstep, pop music. But I can’t listen to Serbian folk, any rap, techno or K-pop music. It just anoy’s me. Of all the songs I can listen, I adore pop and dubstep the most. I’m glad that my parents listened to roc and ninetees serbian songs which I like to listen sometimes. Everybody has his own taste for music, somebody likes rock, somebody likes rap or something else, and that’s ok. I’m proud of myself that I’m listening to what I’m listening.
Subscale Grade Commentary Content 4 All content is relevant. The article discusses music, describes when the writer listens to music, and explains personal musical preferences. However, the second question is not fully addressed. We learn about the music the writer likes but not about how certain music is chosen at different times. This second point is not fully developed but the target reader is on the whole informed about this aspect. Communicative Achievement 3 The article generally follows the conventions of the task. The subject is personal to the writer and relevant examples are given from personal experience. The article is written in a tone that is appropriate for a general audience and holds the reader’s attention. Organisation 2 When presenting musical preferences, the information is presented in a list format, rather than comparing or contrasting different styles, with cohesive devices to show the relationship between the writer and the music described. Language 2 Everyday vocabulary is used appropriately and there is a range of vocabulary connected with musical styles. Simple grammatical forms are used with a good degree of control, but there is a lack of range with the present tense being most frequently used. Errors do not impede communication
Subscale Grade Commentary Content 5 Full realisation of the task, with appropriate expansion. Communicative Achievement 5 Good article style. The target reader Would be fully informed. Organisation 5 Effectively organised with a strong, positive ending. Language 5 Wide range e.g. ‘the white beaches … are stunning’. Relevant vocabulary. Minimal errors. Good control.
Practice Question Articles wanted The most useful thing I have ever learned. What is the most useful thing you have learned? Who did you learn it from? Why is it useful? Write us an article answering these questions. We will publish the best articles on our website.
Answer: The most useful thing I have ever learned The most useful thing i have learned is surely speaking English. I’ve been studing English for nine years till now. I used to take regular classes in these language which i found very interesting. Also, i learn English in school, my teacher is awesome but strict, so i have to study constantly. But most of all, i learn English, watching movies, TV shows. Allso cartoons when i was younger. When i came across a movie which was subtitled i turned the subtitle off. I enjoy wathing TV and movies on English. English is the most spoken language across the world. It is studied all over the world. In order to get in a conversation with a stranger from other country, you need to speak English. I’m a swimmer, so i go on competissions in many countries, and in all of those countries i speak English. I want to study abroad when i finish highschool, so i’ll defenetly need English. All in all, i enjoy speaking it, writing it, and I’m very glad I got to learn it, i find it very useful.
Subscale Grade Commentary Content 5 All content is relevant and the target reader is fully informed. The article describes the most useful thing which the writer has learned: speaking English, and explains why it is useful.The second aspect of the task is discussed in detail and various methods of learning are described. Communicative Achievement 3 The conventions of writing an article are used appropriately to hold the reader’s attention. The tone is friendly and informative and the topic is clearly introduced and developed through the paragraphs. The subject is appropriate for the English website and straightforward ideas are communicated. The conclusion summarises the candidate’s opinions and rounds off the article, re-stating the main points of the question. Organisation 3 The text is generally well organised and coherent. There is a clear structure to the whole text, an introduction of the topic, paragraphs dealing with different aspects, and a neat conclusion. Language 3 A range of everyday vocabulary is used appropriately and some attempts are made to use less common lexis. There are some slips with plural/singular pronouns (these language) and some prepositions as well as a few errors with spelling but these do not impede communication
Informal Letter Structure Friendly greeting + introductory paragraph e.g. Hi Tom! Thank you for your letter- it was nice to hear from you! Your project about foreign customs sounds fascinating. Here in Spain we have so many, so I’ll just speak about the ones from my area. Paragraph 1 (subtask 1) Deal with the first point included in the question with reasons and examples. Paragraph 2 (subtask 2) Develop your next main point with reasons and examples. Paragraph 3 (subtask 3) Develop your final key point with reasons and examples. Closing paragraph (Say goodbye and request a reply) One thing you can do before saying goodbye is make up an excuse to ‘leave’. For example: Anyway, I’ve got to go now- the kids want their dinner and it won’t cook itself! But don’t be a stranger, give me a call soon. Friendly close All my love, Signature [Your name]
Useful phrases Greetings: • Dear Sarah, • Hello Sara, • Hi Sara, • How’s it going? Introductory paragraph: • How are you doing? • It’s great to hear from you! • Sorry I haven’t written for ages, but… • I’m really sorry it’s taken me so long to get back to you. Reacting to good news: • I’m glad to hear that… • Great news about your… • I’m very happy to hear about… Reacting to bad news: • I’m so sorry to hear about • Sorry to read about
Useful phrases Introducing paragraphs: • Well, first things first • One more thing, • As for… • Oh, by the way, Giving advice • Why don’t you… • How about… • It might be an idea to… • You could always… Ending the email or letter: • Well, I have to go now. • Anyway, I should get going. • Make sure you write soon • Look after yourself. Closing the email or letter: • All my love, • Lots of love, • All the best,
Formal letter Structure Salutation Use Dear Sir or Madam if you don’t know the name of the recipient. If you know the name, use the appropriate title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) along with the surname (e.g. Dear Mr Jenkins). If you are writing to a newspaper editor, then use Dear Editor. Paragraph 1 The first paragraph outlines the purpose of the letter and the reason for its sending. Paragraph 2 In paragraph two, deal with the first point included in the question. Paragraph 3 Develop your final main point Concluding At the end, conclude the letter and finish any thoughts mentioned before, or specify any action the recipient should take, return money, send information, etc. In the case of a job application tell the reader when you are available for interview and thank them for their time. Signing off Yours faithfully if you don’t know the name of the recipient. Yours sincerely if you know the name of the recipient. [Your name]
Topic Your Italian pen friend, Antonia, wrote and asked about your lifestyle in England. Read part of Antonia‟s letter and reply: I think I have a very healthy lifestyle. I eat a lot of fruit and I get a lot of fresh air. My family lives near the mountains, so we often go walking. Last weekend, we went rock climbing. I saw a lot of wildlife and I took a lot of photos. What kind of lifestyle do you have?
Model answer Dear Antonia, Thanks for your letter. Your lifestyle sounds really interesting! We don‟t live near the mountains so I‟ve never been rock climbing, but I‟d love to try it. You asked me about my lifestyle. I think I‟m quite healthy too. I sleep for about eight hours every night and I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise. I‟m quite good at tennis and I often go swimming with my friends. Last month, I decided to do something different. I did a snorkelling course at our local swimming pool. While I was doing the course, I met some really great people! The course was hard, but we were all in the same boat! I‟d love to visit you one day. I think we‟d get on really well! Please write soon! Love Kate
Greetings Dear Jim Hello Jim Hi Jim Introductory paragraph Sorry I haven’t written for ages. Sorry it’s taken me so long to write. How’s it going? How are you? How are things with you? How are things? Referring to good news: Glad to hear about. I’m really glad to hear about I’m very happy to hear about I was very happy to read about Referring to bad news: I’m extremely sorry to hear about. I’m very sorry to hear about. Sorry to read about. Its very sad to hear about you. I can’t tell you how sad I am that.
Introducing points: By the way Did you hear about Did you see Have you seen Tell me about Oh, another thing Ending: Well, time to go. Well, it’s time to go. Well, got to go. Well, time to close. I’ve got to leave off now. Write soon. Make sure you write soon. Love
Review Structure and Useful Phrases ‣ Always put a title. ‣ A review should have four or five paragraphs. Depending on what you have to review, you may change the structure slightly. Look at the two examples below of the review structure: ‣ On the left all the good and bad aspects have been separated into two paragraphs. ‣ On the right, the paragraphs deal with individual aspects of the hotel, restaurant or shop, so the paragraphs may contain a mixture of positive and negative comments.
Review Structure and Useful Phrases Film/book/TV Review Structure Title Introduction Introduce the name of the film or book. You may want to say who the author or director is, and when the film or book was released. 1st paragraph A brief synopsis- but no spoilers! 2nd paragraph All the things you liked or didn’t like (e.g acting, locations, plot…) Conclusion Conclude the review, indicating to the reader if your overall impression is positive or negative. Make a recommendation, either positive or negative.
Review Structure and Useful Phrases Restaurant/hotel/ shop Review Structure Title Introduction Introduce the name of the restaurant or hotel. You may want to say where it is, or other information such as the head chef and the cuisine served. 1st paragraph Service- Very friendly but too slow to take order 2nd paragraph Menu/Food- High quality but little variety Conclusion Conclude the review, indicating to the reader if your overall impression is positive or negative. Make a recommendation, either positive or negative.
Introduction • The film is directed by… • The book was written by… • The film/ book is set in… • The film/book tells the story of….. To explain the plot • The plot focuses on • The story begins with … • A slow start • Gripping climax • Cliff-hanger ending Evaluating various features • The film/series has an all star cast. • The acting: • is believable/excellent/ disappointing/unconvincing. • The plot is: • gripping/dramatic/fascinating • predictable/ dull/unimaginative. • The book/film is brilliantly written/ directed. Giving an opinion Positive • What I really loved about … is • My favourite thing about… is Negative • The only criticism I would make is that … • One thing I wasn’t keen on was… Making a recommendation • I strongly advise you (not) to … • Everyone should see / read … immediately!
Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) • A story tests your ability to write creatively. • In the question, it may provide the first or last sentence of your story and some content points. You must use it where they ask. • You will need to use lots of colourful adjectives and adverbs, as well as many different verb tenses. • Use some direct and reported speech. • Use lots of linking words and time phrases to ‘signpost’ where your story is going. • Include a title for your story. • Use paragraphs. Planning will help you decide what should be in each paragraph. • Write the story ONCE in the exam. DON’T write a rough copy before writing ‘the nice copy.’ •The word limit is 140-190 words, but try to write as near to 190 words as possible. • Spend 40 minutes on the task.
Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Your story must begin with this sentence : Jim knew it would be a long journey but he couldn’t wait to set off. Your story must include : • A mobile phone • A new friend Jim knew it would be a long journey, but he couldn't wait to set off. He was going to visit his favourite uncle in the city. Jim hadn't seen him for ages, because he lived so far away. Jim’s parents, who ran a small shop, were always too busy to take him, but they had finally agreed he was now old enough to make the five-hour train journey on his own. He said goodbye to his parents and walked to the train station, carrying everything he needed for the week in a small rucksack. When he got on the train, the only free seat was next to a boy his own age, who looked very upset. Although Jim was quite shy, he asked him what was wrong. It turned out that the boy, whose name was Billy, had promised to call his mother when he was safely on the train. Unfortunately, he’d left his phone at home so he had no way of contacting her. “Don’t worry, you can borrow my phone” Jim said kindly. By the time his uncle picked him up a few hours later, Jim had a new friend.
Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Story Structure The story should have three main parts so three paragraphs is fine. Decide before you start writing if your story will be happy, sad or mysterious etc. Paragraph 1: Set the scene and introduce the main character. Paragraph 2: Introduce a twist to the story, for example a problem that the protagonist must resolve Paragraph 3: Climax of the story. This may be the solution to the problem or a surprising ending. Please don’t end your story with “Then Kate woke up and it was all a dream”.
Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Time expressions • Before • At first • After • Later • During • Meanwhile • While • By the time • Eventually • Gradually • Just then • Suddenly • As soon as • Finally • In the end Different ways to say: Good • Great • Fantastic • Excellent • Brilliant • Awesome Bad • Terrible • Awful • Rubbish • Dreadful Interesting • Fascinating • Captivating Alternatives to The verb “say” • Shout • Whisper • Exclaim • Ask • Suggest • Warn • Offer • Promise People’s feelings • Enthusiastic • Nervous • Optimistic • Puzzled • Relieved • Determined Adverbs • Fortunately • Luckily • Thankfully • Unfortunately • Sadly • Unexpectedly Write the story in the past tense and use the past tense throughout the story. You will need to know the following tenses: • Past simple • Past continuous • Past perfect • Past perfect continuous • Third conditional and wish + past participle will get you higher marks too! Don’t forget to use direct speech e.g. “I don’t know”, whispered John. Additionally, use reported speech e.g. John whispered that he didn’t know.

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FCE writing tips for anyone who are struggling

  • 1. How to write an essay? | B2 First (FCE) An essay is writing in which we analyse a topic, a situation or an issue from different points of view, providing arguments and expressing our opinion about it. An essay must have the following features: •Purpose: When writing an essay, we analyze and evaluate an interesting or controversial topic. •Tone and style: An essay is written in a formal style, so we must stick to an objective tone and style. Our language must be formal, thus avoiding words that are simply too common or generic (e.g.: things, stuff, get, etc.) and contractions (e.g.: can’t, don’t, won’t, etc.).
  • 2. How to write an essay? | B2 First (FCE) An essay is writing in which we analyse a topic, a situation or an issue from different points of view, providing arguments and expressing our opinion about it. An essay must have the following features: •Structure: It should have an introductory paragraph and a conclusion at the end. The body should consist of 2 or 3 main paragraphs, depending on how you decide to structure your ideas. •Coherence: Coherence is essential in every type of writing, but especially in an essay. Avoid writing incoherent and short paragraphs that have nothing to do with one another. Your ideas must follow a logical order and be well connected
  • 3. B2 First (FCE) Essay: Structure Introduction Present and develop the essay question in your introduction 1 st body paragraph State your 1st argument and give a reason. This should be your main point. 2 nd body paragraph State your 2nd argument and give a reason. 3 rd body paragraph (optional) State your 3d argument and give a reason. Conclusion Give your opinion
  • 4. Paragraph 1: Introduce the topic using a general statement and give your opinion. Say whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Paragraph 2: Give the first reason to support your opinion. Provide specific justifications for your opinion, using examples if necessary. Paragraph 3: Give the second reason to support your opinion. Provide specific justifications for your opinion, using examples if necessary. Paragraph 4: Give the third reason to support your opinion. Make sure this is clearly different from the points you made in the previous 2 paragraphs. Paragraph 5: Summarise your ideas and repeat your opinion using different words to provide a strong conclusion. Here’s a useful structure for an opinion essay:
  • 5. How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Sample Essay Question: For this essay, you have been talking about the environment in your class. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. Every country in the world has problems with pollution and damage to the environment. Do you think these problems can be solved? Notes Write about: 1. transport 2. rivers and seas 3. _______________ (your own idea) Write your article in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
  • 6. How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Answer the following questions: 1. In the exam, do you have to do this question? 2. How many words do you have to write? 3. Who are you writing the essay for? 4. How many ideas must you write about? 5. Which two ideas must you include? 6. You need to provide the third idea yourself.
  • 7. How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Answers: 1. In the exam, do you have to do this question? yes, it’s compulsory 2. How many words do you have to write? 140 – 190 words 3. Who are you writing the essay for? your teacher 4. How many ideas must you write about? at least three 5. Which two ideas must you include? transport rivers and seas 6. You need to provide the third idea yourself. Think of at least two ideas. e.g. factories and the pollution they make alternative energy – solar power
  • 8. How much do you now about the Part-1 writing? Pollution Problems Many countries in the world have problems with pollution and damage to their environment.(1)____________ , is it possible to solve these problems? Here are three ways that we could start to make a difference. (2) _____________, we need to think more carefully about the transport we use as the exhaust fumes from petrol and diesel cars are polluting our cities. (3)____________, we should switch to electric vehicles (4)_________ we can breathe fresh air again there. (5)___________ , we must reduce using plastic bottles as these end up in our rivers and sea. The plastic gets broken down into small pieces (6)__________the fish eat, and this can lead to a slow and painful death for them. (7) __________, we should reduce the electricity in our homes as power often comes from fossil-fueled stations which generate much pollution. If we turned off a few unnecessary lights and gadgets,(8)_________ make a difference. (9)_____________ , solving the pollution problem can seem challenging. (10)___________ , it affects us all, so we need to make the changes in our life to improve the situation.
  • 9. Choose the correct word to complete the gaps. so that Furthermore this could However Therefore Firstly for all Finally so which On the whole Link: https://www.esleschool.com/b2-pollution-problems/ (for more practice exercises) Cambridge English_ First (FCE) Writing Part 1.pdf
  • 10. Every country in the world has problems with pollution and damage to the environment. Do you think these problems can be solved? Pollution and environmental damage is a global issue with countless countries suffering the affects. There are also iniciatives to help combatting this problem to keep our planet safe. Firstly, our dependance on our cars have led to extremely low air quality in our cities. The public needs to be aware of this threat and use public transports more, or turn to more environmentally-friendly alternatives such as electric or hybrid vehicles. Secondly, rivers and seas they are also at risk and marine animals have suffered horrificly over the years due to oil slicks. It take a long time for the affected areas to recover. Therefore, there ought to be tighter controls so that boats and ships are safer. Finally, the litter is a huge issue both on land and at sea. Animals get hurt by the rubbish wich finds its way into their habitats. In order to stop this, we should reduce the amount of waste we generate and recycle as much as possible. In conclusion, humans harm the enviroment in numerous ways. However, with greater public awareness, stricter regulations and more co-operation from large corporations, we can certainly reduce the risk.
  • 11. Environmental pollution is one of the major global issues in the 21st century. Some people worried about the negative impact of transportation and industrial production. I think that we can take steps to reduce the environmental damage. Firstly, transportation is a significant contributor to air pollution through carbon dioxide emissions. Nowadays, the number of cars on our streets is growing all the time, and cheap air travel is making flying accessible to more and more people. Governments could put effort into reducing air pollution. For example, they could impose “green taxes’ on drivers and airline companies. In this way, people would be encouraged to use public transport and to take fewer flights abroad, therefore reducing emissions. As individuals, we should also try to limit our contribution to air pollution, by becoming more energy efficient, by flying less, and by using bicycles and public transport. Secondly, careless oil companies are responsible for water pollution when oil tankers or oil rigs leak oil into the ocean. Humans are destroying the homes of millions of aquatic creatures, some of which we know little to nothing about. If governments force all the oil companies to build robust tankers and to adopt more stringent safety procedures on their oil rigs, accidents and leaks will less likely happen. Finally, most factories burn fossil fuels which cause climate change. Leaders should encourage producers to either cut their consumption of fuel through tax incentives or invest in alternative sources of energy. For instance, nuclear power stations are cleaner than fossil fuel power stations, and could help to reduce carbon emissions that contribute to global warming. In conclusion, it seems to me that environmental problem is the worrying concern and individuals have a crucial role in joining hands with the government in reducing the harm caused to the environment. Lack of individual participation could mean that addressing the environmental issue is beyond reach.
  • 12. Examiner mark scheme 1. Content 1. Have you included all the points from the question in your notes? 2. 2. Is your writing too long/short? 2. Communicative achievement 1. Have you given a clear reason to justify each point? 2. Have you given your opinion in the first and the final paragraph – but using different words. 3. Organisation 1. Is your writing organised into clear paragraphs? 2. Have you included linking words to connect your ideas? 4. Language 1. Have you checked your spelling carefully? 2. Have you used a variety of adjectives/adverbs? If you have repeated words, can you use synonyms?
  • 15. Sample Question: Some parents teach their children at home rather than sending them to school. Is this a good or a bad thing for the children? Notes Write about: 1. having a parent as a teacher 2. making friends 3. ...................... (your own idea)
  • 16. Here is a model answer, with examiner feedback. Nowadays, more and more parents are making the controversial decision to teach their children at home rather than sending them to school. Although this approach to education has advantages, pupils who learn only at home definitely lose more oportunities. First, children who don’t go to school only know two teachers, the same people who are also their parents. Because of this, the pupils may not learn other points of view outside their family. Besides this, there is also the question if parents have the qualifications and knowledge to teach every subject. Perhaps their mother and father are experts in one or two subjects, but any school provides teachers expert in every subject. We should remember that there is more to education than learning about topics. In addition, going to school is also a way to meet people your own age and to make friends. It is clear that children can socialise better at school, and as a result, children at school will have the chance to start many lifelong relationships. I agree that parents can have some good reasons for having home school, but overall, considering teachers and friends, it’s much better for children to attend school
  • 17. How to write an article? | B2 First (FCE) Article Structure Attractive title (to capture attention of the reader) Introduction paragraph Present the topic in a general way, but like the title, make it interesting. You also need to make it clear what the article is about. Paragraph 2 (subtask 1) Develop your main point with reasons and examples. Paragraph 3 (subtask 2) Develop your final key point with reasons and examples. You can include a recommendation here or in the conclusion. Closing paragraph Summaries your main points and make a recommendation if you haven’t already. Speak directly to the reader by using a question to keep them thinking about your message.
  • 18. Useful phrases Rhetorical questions • Have you ever…? • Do you ever wonder…? • Are you one of those people who…? • What would you say if I told you that…? • Imagine a world in which… Introducing new ideas • To begin with, … • Let's start with … • The coolest thing about… is… • What attracts me most about…is… • Another thing to consider is… • Secondly, • In addition to…, • Moreover, • All in all,
  • 19. Giving your own opinion • I think that / In my opinion ... • It seems to me that ... • If you ask me, ... • To my mind… Concluding the article • In conclusion, • On the whole, • To sum up, • To conclude, • All in all,
  • 20. THE PERFECT HOLIDAY DESTINATION Have you found the perfect holiday destination? if so, write us an article: • describing the place • saying why it is special for you. We will publish the best article next month. Sample Essays
  • 21. Sample Essays Answer: I don’t know If I have found the perfect holiday destination but I’m sum that Watamu is the beet place I have ever visited. Watamu Is a small village on the coastline of Kenya. It takes three hours to arrive there by car from the capital Nairobi but it’s a trip that is worth to be done. When I booked the holiday I thought I was going to spend all the time laying on the beach. I was wrong! Once arrived there I discovered a lots of way to have fun. The sea and the white beaches with the palms am stunning but them something mom you can enjoy. The countryside is also Interesting and people are friendly and sell the products of their poor country always smiling. And you cannot imagine how amazing is to make a safari In the park. Because of the very hot temperature, you have to set out very early in the morning if you want to see all the animals. The landscape of the park is fascinating, everything seems to very dry, them are no trees Just bushes. Driving on yourjeep you discover something real& special: a wild world full of life.
  • 22. Sample Essays Articles wanted MUSIC AND ME When do you listen to music? How do you choose what to listen to at different times? Write us an article answering these questions. The best articles will be posted on our website.
  • 23. Answer: I always listen to music, wherever I go I have my headphones on my ears. Listening to what I like satisfy’s me and makes me calm all the time. When the bus is taking me to school I listen to the music so I could wake up. I love to listen to classical music, jazz, rock, hip-hop, dubstep, pop music. But I can’t listen to Serbian folk, any rap, techno or K-pop music. It just anoy’s me. Of all the songs I can listen, I adore pop and dubstep the most. I’m glad that my parents listened to roc and ninetees serbian songs which I like to listen sometimes. Everybody has his own taste for music, somebody likes rock, somebody likes rap or something else, and that’s ok. I’m proud of myself that I’m listening to what I’m listening.
  • 24. Subscale Grade Commentary Content 4 All content is relevant. The article discusses music, describes when the writer listens to music, and explains personal musical preferences. However, the second question is not fully addressed. We learn about the music the writer likes but not about how certain music is chosen at different times. This second point is not fully developed but the target reader is on the whole informed about this aspect. Communicative Achievement 3 The article generally follows the conventions of the task. The subject is personal to the writer and relevant examples are given from personal experience. The article is written in a tone that is appropriate for a general audience and holds the reader’s attention. Organisation 2 When presenting musical preferences, the information is presented in a list format, rather than comparing or contrasting different styles, with cohesive devices to show the relationship between the writer and the music described. Language 2 Everyday vocabulary is used appropriately and there is a range of vocabulary connected with musical styles. Simple grammatical forms are used with a good degree of control, but there is a lack of range with the present tense being most frequently used. Errors do not impede communication
  • 25. Subscale Grade Commentary Content 5 Full realisation of the task, with appropriate expansion. Communicative Achievement 5 Good article style. The target reader Would be fully informed. Organisation 5 Effectively organised with a strong, positive ending. Language 5 Wide range e.g. ‘the white beaches … are stunning’. Relevant vocabulary. Minimal errors. Good control.
  • 26. Practice Question Articles wanted The most useful thing I have ever learned. What is the most useful thing you have learned? Who did you learn it from? Why is it useful? Write us an article answering these questions. We will publish the best articles on our website.
  • 27. Answer: The most useful thing I have ever learned The most useful thing i have learned is surely speaking English. I’ve been studing English for nine years till now. I used to take regular classes in these language which i found very interesting. Also, i learn English in school, my teacher is awesome but strict, so i have to study constantly. But most of all, i learn English, watching movies, TV shows. Allso cartoons when i was younger. When i came across a movie which was subtitled i turned the subtitle off. I enjoy wathing TV and movies on English. English is the most spoken language across the world. It is studied all over the world. In order to get in a conversation with a stranger from other country, you need to speak English. I’m a swimmer, so i go on competissions in many countries, and in all of those countries i speak English. I want to study abroad when i finish highschool, so i’ll defenetly need English. All in all, i enjoy speaking it, writing it, and I’m very glad I got to learn it, i find it very useful.
  • 28. Subscale Grade Commentary Content 5 All content is relevant and the target reader is fully informed. The article describes the most useful thing which the writer has learned: speaking English, and explains why it is useful.The second aspect of the task is discussed in detail and various methods of learning are described. Communicative Achievement 3 The conventions of writing an article are used appropriately to hold the reader’s attention. The tone is friendly and informative and the topic is clearly introduced and developed through the paragraphs. The subject is appropriate for the English website and straightforward ideas are communicated. The conclusion summarises the candidate’s opinions and rounds off the article, re-stating the main points of the question. Organisation 3 The text is generally well organised and coherent. There is a clear structure to the whole text, an introduction of the topic, paragraphs dealing with different aspects, and a neat conclusion. Language 3 A range of everyday vocabulary is used appropriately and some attempts are made to use less common lexis. There are some slips with plural/singular pronouns (these language) and some prepositions as well as a few errors with spelling but these do not impede communication
  • 29. Informal Letter Structure Friendly greeting + introductory paragraph e.g. Hi Tom! Thank you for your letter- it was nice to hear from you! Your project about foreign customs sounds fascinating. Here in Spain we have so many, so I’ll just speak about the ones from my area. Paragraph 1 (subtask 1) Deal with the first point included in the question with reasons and examples. Paragraph 2 (subtask 2) Develop your next main point with reasons and examples. Paragraph 3 (subtask 3) Develop your final key point with reasons and examples. Closing paragraph (Say goodbye and request a reply) One thing you can do before saying goodbye is make up an excuse to ‘leave’. For example: Anyway, I’ve got to go now- the kids want their dinner and it won’t cook itself! But don’t be a stranger, give me a call soon. Friendly close All my love, Signature [Your name]
  • 30. Useful phrases Greetings: • Dear Sarah, • Hello Sara, • Hi Sara, • How’s it going? Introductory paragraph: • How are you doing? • It’s great to hear from you! • Sorry I haven’t written for ages, but… • I’m really sorry it’s taken me so long to get back to you. Reacting to good news: • I’m glad to hear that… • Great news about your… • I’m very happy to hear about… Reacting to bad news: • I’m so sorry to hear about • Sorry to read about
  • 31. Useful phrases Introducing paragraphs: • Well, first things first • One more thing, • As for… • Oh, by the way, Giving advice • Why don’t you… • How about… • It might be an idea to… • You could always… Ending the email or letter: • Well, I have to go now. • Anyway, I should get going. • Make sure you write soon • Look after yourself. Closing the email or letter: • All my love, • Lots of love, • All the best,
  • 32. Formal letter Structure Salutation Use Dear Sir or Madam if you don’t know the name of the recipient. If you know the name, use the appropriate title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) along with the surname (e.g. Dear Mr Jenkins). If you are writing to a newspaper editor, then use Dear Editor. Paragraph 1 The first paragraph outlines the purpose of the letter and the reason for its sending. Paragraph 2 In paragraph two, deal with the first point included in the question. Paragraph 3 Develop your final main point Concluding At the end, conclude the letter and finish any thoughts mentioned before, or specify any action the recipient should take, return money, send information, etc. In the case of a job application tell the reader when you are available for interview and thank them for their time. Signing off Yours faithfully if you don’t know the name of the recipient. Yours sincerely if you know the name of the recipient. [Your name]
  • 33. Topic Your Italian pen friend, Antonia, wrote and asked about your lifestyle in England. Read part of Antonia‟s letter and reply: I think I have a very healthy lifestyle. I eat a lot of fruit and I get a lot of fresh air. My family lives near the mountains, so we often go walking. Last weekend, we went rock climbing. I saw a lot of wildlife and I took a lot of photos. What kind of lifestyle do you have?
  • 34. Model answer Dear Antonia, Thanks for your letter. Your lifestyle sounds really interesting! We don‟t live near the mountains so I‟ve never been rock climbing, but I‟d love to try it. You asked me about my lifestyle. I think I‟m quite healthy too. I sleep for about eight hours every night and I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise. I‟m quite good at tennis and I often go swimming with my friends. Last month, I decided to do something different. I did a snorkelling course at our local swimming pool. While I was doing the course, I met some really great people! The course was hard, but we were all in the same boat! I‟d love to visit you one day. I think we‟d get on really well! Please write soon! Love Kate
  • 35. Greetings Dear Jim Hello Jim Hi Jim Introductory paragraph Sorry I haven’t written for ages. Sorry it’s taken me so long to write. How’s it going? How are you? How are things with you? How are things? Referring to good news: Glad to hear about. I’m really glad to hear about I’m very happy to hear about I was very happy to read about Referring to bad news: I’m extremely sorry to hear about. I’m very sorry to hear about. Sorry to read about. Its very sad to hear about you. I can’t tell you how sad I am that.
  • 36. Introducing points: By the way Did you hear about Did you see Have you seen Tell me about Oh, another thing Ending: Well, time to go. Well, it’s time to go. Well, got to go. Well, time to close. I’ve got to leave off now. Write soon. Make sure you write soon. Love
  • 37. Review Structure and Useful Phrases ‣ Always put a title. ‣ A review should have four or five paragraphs. Depending on what you have to review, you may change the structure slightly. Look at the two examples below of the review structure: ‣ On the left all the good and bad aspects have been separated into two paragraphs. ‣ On the right, the paragraphs deal with individual aspects of the hotel, restaurant or shop, so the paragraphs may contain a mixture of positive and negative comments.
  • 38. Review Structure and Useful Phrases Film/book/TV Review Structure Title Introduction Introduce the name of the film or book. You may want to say who the author or director is, and when the film or book was released. 1st paragraph A brief synopsis- but no spoilers! 2nd paragraph All the things you liked or didn’t like (e.g acting, locations, plot…) Conclusion Conclude the review, indicating to the reader if your overall impression is positive or negative. Make a recommendation, either positive or negative.
  • 39. Review Structure and Useful Phrases Restaurant/hotel/ shop Review Structure Title Introduction Introduce the name of the restaurant or hotel. You may want to say where it is, or other information such as the head chef and the cuisine served. 1st paragraph Service- Very friendly but too slow to take order 2nd paragraph Menu/Food- High quality but little variety Conclusion Conclude the review, indicating to the reader if your overall impression is positive or negative. Make a recommendation, either positive or negative.
  • 40. Introduction • The film is directed by… • The book was written by… • The film/ book is set in… • The film/book tells the story of….. To explain the plot • The plot focuses on • The story begins with … • A slow start • Gripping climax • Cliff-hanger ending Evaluating various features • The film/series has an all star cast. • The acting: • is believable/excellent/ disappointing/unconvincing. • The plot is: • gripping/dramatic/fascinating • predictable/ dull/unimaginative. • The book/film is brilliantly written/ directed. Giving an opinion Positive • What I really loved about … is • My favourite thing about… is Negative • The only criticism I would make is that … • One thing I wasn’t keen on was… Making a recommendation • I strongly advise you (not) to … • Everyone should see / read … immediately!
  • 41. Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) • A story tests your ability to write creatively. • In the question, it may provide the first or last sentence of your story and some content points. You must use it where they ask. • You will need to use lots of colourful adjectives and adverbs, as well as many different verb tenses. • Use some direct and reported speech. • Use lots of linking words and time phrases to ‘signpost’ where your story is going. • Include a title for your story. • Use paragraphs. Planning will help you decide what should be in each paragraph. • Write the story ONCE in the exam. DON’T write a rough copy before writing ‘the nice copy.’ •The word limit is 140-190 words, but try to write as near to 190 words as possible. • Spend 40 minutes on the task.
  • 42. Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Your story must begin with this sentence : Jim knew it would be a long journey but he couldn’t wait to set off. Your story must include : • A mobile phone • A new friend Jim knew it would be a long journey, but he couldn't wait to set off. He was going to visit his favourite uncle in the city. Jim hadn't seen him for ages, because he lived so far away. Jim’s parents, who ran a small shop, were always too busy to take him, but they had finally agreed he was now old enough to make the five-hour train journey on his own. He said goodbye to his parents and walked to the train station, carrying everything he needed for the week in a small rucksack. When he got on the train, the only free seat was next to a boy his own age, who looked very upset. Although Jim was quite shy, he asked him what was wrong. It turned out that the boy, whose name was Billy, had promised to call his mother when he was safely on the train. Unfortunately, he’d left his phone at home so he had no way of contacting her. “Don’t worry, you can borrow my phone” Jim said kindly. By the time his uncle picked him up a few hours later, Jim had a new friend.
  • 43. Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Story Structure The story should have three main parts so three paragraphs is fine. Decide before you start writing if your story will be happy, sad or mysterious etc. Paragraph 1: Set the scene and introduce the main character. Paragraph 2: Introduce a twist to the story, for example a problem that the protagonist must resolve Paragraph 3: Climax of the story. This may be the solution to the problem or a surprising ending. Please don’t end your story with “Then Kate woke up and it was all a dream”.
  • 44. Part 2- Story (FCE for schools) Time expressions • Before • At first • After • Later • During • Meanwhile • While • By the time • Eventually • Gradually • Just then • Suddenly • As soon as • Finally • In the end Different ways to say: Good • Great • Fantastic • Excellent • Brilliant • Awesome Bad • Terrible • Awful • Rubbish • Dreadful Interesting • Fascinating • Captivating Alternatives to The verb “say” • Shout • Whisper • Exclaim • Ask • Suggest • Warn • Offer • Promise People’s feelings • Enthusiastic • Nervous • Optimistic • Puzzled • Relieved • Determined Adverbs • Fortunately • Luckily • Thankfully • Unfortunately • Sadly • Unexpectedly Write the story in the past tense and use the past tense throughout the story. You will need to know the following tenses: • Past simple • Past continuous • Past perfect • Past perfect continuous • Third conditional and wish + past participle will get you higher marks too! Don’t forget to use direct speech e.g. “I don’t know”, whispered John. Additionally, use reported speech e.g. John whispered that he didn’t know.