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Flowering plants

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Bisoyi Santosh

This document describes the structure and parts of a typical bisexual flower. It discusses the four main whorls that make up a flower: the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. The calyx is the outermost whorl of sepals that protects the developing flower bud. The corolla is inside the calyx and is made up of petals which attract pollinators. The androecium is the third whorl of stamens that produce pollen. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of carpels that contain the ovary, style and stigma and will develop into fruits and seeds after fertilization.

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THE FLOWER Flowering Plants
The Flower A flower is a specialized shoot in which leaves have been modified into the flora parts that produce fruits and seeds after pollination and fertilization.
The Flower  SHOOT LEAVES FLORA FRUITS SEEDS
THE FLOWER
Structure of Bisexual Flower
Structure of Bisexual Flower A typical flower has four whorls a) Two essential whorls – androecium and gynoecium b) Two non essential whorls- calyx and corola CALYX SEPALS COROLA PETALS ANDROECIUM STAMEN GYNOECIUM CARPELS
CALYX  OUTERMOST WHORL SEPALS-> CALYX  SEPALS= 5  FREE AND FUSED CONDITION  POLYSEPALOUS- FREE  GAMOSEPALOUS- FUSED  GREEN, RED- GULMOHAR  PETALOIDS-BRIGHTLY COLOURED SEPALS
FUNCTION OF CALYX PROTECT THE FLOWER BUD • BEFORE FLOWER OPEN->COMPLELY ENCLOSED THE CAYX • SEPAL REMAINED JOINED • CALYX FORMS A TUBE THAT PROTECT THE OVARY • FLOWER BLOOM • CALYX SEPARATE INTO SEPALS
COROLLA 2ND OUTERMOST WHORLS MADE OF PETALS PETALS->COROLLA SOMETIMES ARE ABSENT
FUNCTION OF COROLLA TO ATTRACT INSECTS AND BIRDS FOR POLLINATION MONOCOT PLANT-> MULTIPLE OF THREE DICOT PLANT->MULTIPLES OF FOUR OR FIVE
ANDROECIUM 3RD WHORL FROM OUTSIDE STAMENS=>ANDRE CIUM NO. 1 TO 100 ANTHER AND CONNECTIVITY TWO ANTHER LOBE=>TWO POLLEN SAC=>POLLEN GRAINS
MONADELPHOUS  THE STANMENS ARE UNITED IN ONE GROUP BY FUSION OF THEIR FILLAMENTS, ANTHER BEING FREE
DIADELPHOUS THE STAMENS ARE UNITED IN TWO BUNDLES BY FUSION OF THEIR FILLAMENTS, ANTHER BEING FREE PEA
POLYADELPHOUS THE STAMENS ARE UNITEDIN MANY BUNDLES BY FUSION OF THEIR FILAMENTS, ANTHER BEING FREE LEMON
GYNOECIUM 4TH AND INNERMOST WHORL CARPELS=>GYNOE CIUM CARPEL=>STIGMA+ STYLE+OVARY STIGMA • STICKY PART AT THE TOP OF PISTLE STYLE • THIN TUBE THAT LEADS FROM THE STIGMA TO OVARY OVARY • ENLARGED AREASAT THE BASE OF THE PISTILTHAT PRODUCE
PISTIL=SIMPLE(1 )/COMPOUND
PLACENTATION  THE PLACENTA IS A TISSUE THAT MOST FRQUENTLY DEVELOPS ON THE MARIGINS OF CARPELS  EITHER THEIR WHOLE LINE OF UNION CALLED SUTURE OR ATHE APEX  THE MANNER IN WHICH THE PLACENTAE ARE DISTRIBUTED IN THE CAVITY OF THE OVARY IS KNOWN AS PLACENTATION
COMPLETE OR INCOMPLETE INCOMPLETE • UNISEXUAL( ANDROECIUM OR GYNOECIUM) • PAPAYA COMPLETE • BISEXUAL FLOWER OR HERMAPHRODITE • CHINA ROSE, TOMATO, BRINJAL NEUTER • NEITHER ANDROECIUM NOR GYNOECIUM • SUN FLOWER
FLOWER THALAMUS NECTARIES
INFLORESCENCE ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWER ON SHOOT PEDUNCLE-MAIN AXIS PEDICEL-SOLITARY a) SOLITARY TERMINAL- POPPY b) SOLITARY AXILLARY- HIBISCUS AND PETUNIA
Flowering plants

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