Fog Computing

CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Existing System
 Proposed System
 Characteristics of Fog Computing
 Cloud Vs. Fog
 Scenarios
 Architecture
 Applications
 Examples of Fog Computing
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Future Enhancement
 Conclusion
 References

• FOG Computing is an advanced or extended version of cloud computing
where the computing takes place at the edge of the network. There are many
companies currently spending a lot of research on this topic like Cisco etc.
• It is similar to cloud computing, but is far denser in geographical distribution
and location and its proximity to end users is more, which means they provide
a faster end-user experience than cloud computing and have better
performance.
• The questions about its complexity, practical feasibility, cost and performance
are arising in different research communities. There is also a major concern
about it's reliability or durability in performing all sorts of operations
performed by cloud computing systems.
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
• CISCO recently delivered the vision of Fog computing to enable applications
on billions of connected devices to run directly at the network edge.
Customers can develop, manage and run software applications on Cisco
framework of networked devices, including hardened routers and switches.
Cisco brings the open source Linux and network operating system together in
a single networked device.
• Fog computing, also known as fog networking, is a decentralized
computing infrastructure in which computing resources and application
services are distributed in the most logical, efficient place at any point along
the continuum from the data source to the cloud. The goal of fog computing is
to improve efficiency and reduce the amount of data that needs to be
transported to the cloud for data processing, analysis and storage. This is often
done for efficiency reasons, but it may also be carried out for security
and compliance reasons.

• A simple three level hierarchy as shown in above figure.
• In this framework, each smart things and intefaces is attached to one of
Fog devices. Fog devices could be interconnected and each of them is
linked to the Cloud.
Contd…

• Cloud computing has provided many opportunities for enterprises by
offering their customers a range of computing services. Current “pay-as-
you-go” Cloud computing model becomes an efficient alternative to
owning and managing private data centers for customers facing Web
applications
EXISTING SYSTEM

DISADVANTAGES
 Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption was failed in securing
the data from the attackers.
 It does not verify whether the user was authorized or not.
 Cloud computing security does not focus on ways of secure the data from
unauthorized access.

• Unlike traditional data centers, Fog devices are geographically distributed over
heterogeneous platforms, spanning multiple management domains. Cisco is
interested in innovative proposals that facilitate service mobility across
platforms, and technologies that preserve end-user and content security and
privacy across domains.
PROPOSED SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES
 Fog can be distinguished from Cloud by its proximity to end-users.
 The dense geographical distribution and its support for mobility.
 It provides low latency, location awareness, and improves quality-of-
services(Qos) and real time applications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOG COMPUTING
 Edge location, location awareness, and low latency : Fog computing support
endpoints with finest services at the edge of the network.
 Geographical distribution : The services and application objective of the fog is
widely distributed.
 Support for mobility : Using LISP protocol fog devices provide mobility
techniques like decouple host identity to location identity.
 Real time interactions : fog computing requires real time interactions for speedy
service.
 Heterogeneity : Fog nodes can be deployed in a wide variety of environments.
 Interoperability : Fog components must be able to interoperate in order to give
wide range of services like streaming.

CLOUD vs. FOG
Fog – Solution to Cloud’s Limitations
• Reduction in data movement across the network resulting in reduced
congestion.
• Elimination of bottlenecks resulting from centralized computing
systems.
• Improved security of encrypted data as it stays closer to the end user.

Scenarios
Smart
Grid
Internet
of Things Decentralized
smart building
control
Software
defined
networks
Smart
Traffic
Lights
Wireless
Sensor

The design of fog architecture or the key components of fog architecture are
discussed below:
• Heterogeneous Physical Resources
• Fog Abstraction Layer
• Fog Service Orchestration Layer
•Foglet Software Agent
•Distributed Database
•Policy-Based Service Orchestration
ARCHITECTURE OF FOG TECHNOLOGY

Components in Fog architecture

• Heterogeneous Physical Resources:
 Heterogeneous in nature, ranging from high-speed links connecting enterprise
data centers and the core to multiple wireless access technologies towards the
edge. 3G/4G, LTE, Wi-Fi etc.
• Fog Abstraction Layer:
 A uniform and programmable interface for seamless resource management an
d control.
 The layer provides generic APIs for monitoring, provisioning and controlling
physical resources such as CPU, memory, network and energy.

• Fog Service Orchestration Layer:
 Provides dynamic, policy-based life-cycle management of Fog services.
 Managing services on a large volume of Fog nodes with a wide range of
capabilities is achieved with the following technology and components:
 Foglet Software Agent,
 Distributed Database, persistent storage to store policies and
resource meta-data,
 Policy-Based Service Orchestration, provides policy-based
service routing, i.e., routes an incoming service request to the
appropriate service instance that confirms to the relevant business
policies.

Smart Grid:
 Fog computing allows fast, machine-to-machine (M2M) handshakes and human
to machine interactions (HMI), which would work in cooperation with the
cloud.
Decentralized Smart Building Control:
 Wireless sensors are installed to measure temperature, humidity, or levels of
various gaseous components in the building atmosphere.
 Information can be exchanged among all sensors in the floor and the reading
can be combined to form reliable measurements.
Smart Cities:
 Fog computing would be able to obtain sensor data on all levels, and integrate
all the mutually independent network entities within.
Health Care:
 The cloud computing market for healthcare is expected to reach $5.4 billion by
2017, according to a Markets and Markets report, and fog computing would
allow this on a more localized level.

• Tech giants Cisco and IBM are the driving forces behind fog
computing, and link their concept to the emerging Internet of
Things (IoT).
• Fog has a direct correlation with IoT.
• According to CISCO, the important areas where fog would
play a vital role are the following :
APPLICATIONS OF FOG

Connected cars
 Fog computing is ideal for Connected Vehicles (CV) because real-time
interactions will make communications between cars, access points and traffic
lights as safe and efficient as possible.
 At some point in time, the connected car will start saving lives by reducing
automobile accidents.
 Fog computing will be the best option for all internet connected vehicles
because fog computing gives real time interaction.

Connected Vehicles communicating each other

In this subsection, we take Man-in-the-middle attack as
an example to expose the security problems in Fog Computing. In this attack,
gateways serving as Fog devices may be comprised or replaced by fake ones.
Man-In-The-Middle Attack:

 Fog can be distinguished from Cloud by its proximity to end-users.
 The dense geographical distribution and its support for mobility.
 It provides low latency, location awareness, and improves quality-of-
services (QoS) and real time applications.
ADVANTAGES
 Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption was failed in
securing the data from the attackers.
 It does not verify whether the user was authorized or not.
 Cloud computing security does not focus on ways of secure the data from
unauthorized access.
DISADVANTAGES

 Future work will expand on the Fog computing paradigm in Smart Grid. In
this scenario, two models for Fog devices can be developed. Independent
Fog devices consult directly with the Cloud for periodic updates on price
and demands, while interconnected Fog devices may consult each other.
 Next, Fog computing based SDN in vehicular networks will receive due
attention.
FUTURE ENCHANCEMENT

 Fog computing advantages for services in several domains, such as
Smart Grid, wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) and
software defined networks (SDNs). We examine the state- of-the-art and
disclose some general issues in Fog computing including security,
privacy, trust, and service migration among Fog devices and between Fog
and Cloud.
CONCLUSION

References
 http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/F/fog-computing.html
 http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/fog-computing-
fogging
 http://www.westbaseuk.com/news/fog-computing-vs-cloud-computing-whats-
the-difference/
 http://www.cisco.com/c/en_in/solutions/internet-of-things/iot-fog-
applications.html

Fog Computing

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