Food security depends on availability, affordability, and quality/safety of food. The document analyzes threats to food security like weather events, economic and political instability, and population factors. It also discusses effects like hunger and policies by Nigerian governments to address food insecurity, including agricultural programs from the 1970s-2010s. Recommendations include collaborative planning, infrastructure, monitoring/evaluation, and credit access to promote food security.
2. Food security is a situation when all people at all-time have
physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food for a healthy and active life. Ladele and
Ayoola (1997) see food security as a function of food
production level, that is, high level of food production is
equals to food security. FAO (1996)
3. According to the Global food security index, the determinants of food
security rests upon 3 cores.
Availability: which shows the frequency of supply distribution, the
production and reachability of these crops
Affordability: This signifies the demand stream.
A Nation can produce magnanimously at the national level, but
inability to meet an equilibrium due to issues ranging from political,
economic, natural, or infrastructural will disallow the produce from
getting to the households or across the border in the case of export
Quality/ Safety;
This determinant covers issues of storage conservation and health
implications. How good is the produce, how much is stored up and how
healthy is it are determinants of this core.
MEASUREMENT OF FOOD SECURITY
4. Affordability Availability Quality/Safety
1st United States 85.7% 87.4% 86.6%
2nd Ireland 82.4% 85.4% 85.8%
3rd Singapore 90.7% 79.8% 78.3%
90th Nigeria 24.2% 49.4% 49.9%
African Countries rank Below 50%
Global Food Ranking
6. Economic Causes
Pests/ Diseases
Geographical Conditions
Political/Policy Instability
Population
Social Unrest
Gender Issues
Non-Agricultural uses
THREATS TO FOOD SECURITY
(CTD)
7. Hunger
Malnutrition/Undergrowth
High Mortality Rate
Poverty
Starvation
Diseases
Underdevelopment/Growth
Introduction of Genetically modified Food (GMO)
EFFECTS OF FOOD INSECURITY
8. Yakubu Gowon’s Rice Importation as a response to hunger after the
civil war in 1970
International Centre for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development
(ICSFAD)
The River Basin Development Authority (RBDA) strategies (1977)
The National Accelerated Food Production Program (1972)
Operation Feed the Nation (OFN)(1976)
Green Revolution by Shehu Shagari- Launched in 1979
School-Land Programme(1984)
Structural Adjustment programme (SAP) 1986
DFRRI Programmes (Directorate of food drugs and rural
development)1986
National Directorate of Employment (NDE)1987
POLICY INTERVENTIONS
9. Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS)
Fadama Development Project
Cassava Initiative Obasanjo lunched in 2001
Root and Tuber Expansion Programme launched in 2002
Community-based agricultural and rural development
schemes: Lunched in 2003
Agric-YES in Lagos State;-Lunched in 2013
National schools Agriculture Programme(NSAP)lunched
2014
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 2015
POLICY INTERVENTIONS (CTD)
10. The need for Collaborative planning
Adequate data is essential
Provision of infrastructure
Monitoring/Evaluation
Political will
Promotion of women empowerment
Efficient Safety guidelines for food production
Provision of Social Safety Nets
Efficient Credit loan facilities
Favourable Policies on Import / Export duties
RECOMMENDATIONS
11. Needful to say a policy that does not fully address the issues it was
established to address is not one that should be emulated or
repackaged again, but totally reviewed to suit the changing times and
seasons of the Nigerian economy or atmosphere. Policy makers must
do away with outmoded interventions that have over the years worn
the garment of legitimacy without producing anything legitimate. A
more stringent approach is essential to tackle these issues and
quickly too, less we give place to food insecurity, a growing concern
in blame of our given environmental, economic and social
happenings.
CONCLUSION
12. Adegbola, J. A; Bamishaiye, E. I; and Daura, A. M (2011), ‘Food Security in
Nigeria: Government’s Intervention and the Place of Effective Storage,’ Asian
Economic and Social Society Journal.
Akande, S. O. (1998). Public policy in Nigeria agriculture In Institutional reforms
for agriculture development.
Alkali, R. A. (1997). The World Bank and Nigeria: Cornucopia or Pandora box?
Kaduna
Davies AE 2009. Food security initiatives in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges.
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 11(1): 186-202.
Edokpa, D. A., & Okafor, F. C. (2009). Rural development; A link to food security
in Nigeria
Emefiele, G.I (2015), keynote address presented at a training workshop on
innovative agricultural insurance products held in Lagos Thursday, September 18,
2015.
Emmanuel O. Ojo1 (Ph.D) and Peter F. Adebayo2 (Ph.D), 2012 FOOD SECURITY
IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW
FAO 2008. The State of Food Insecurity in the World. Food and Agriculture
Organization, Rome.
REFERENCES
13. Food Security Index: FAO 2008.The State of Food Insecurity in the World.Food and Agriculture
Organization, Rome.
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Mohammed-HasimYunusa; JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 6 NO 1,
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NAN (2016) Extreme Weather Conditions Threaten Food Security – NiMet
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REFERENCES (CTD)
14. REFERENCES
Food and Agricultural organization, (1992). Proceedings of the 1992 world food
day symposium. (FAO) Rome.
Food and Agricultural organization, (1996). Declaration on world food security
world food summit. November 13-17 1996 (FAO) Rome.
Food and Agricultural organization, (1997). The state of food and agriculture
1997. (FAO) Rome
Food and Agricultural organization, (2003). The state of food in the world.
(FAO) Rome.
Kristina Müller-Kuckelberg, July (2012) ; Climate Change and its Impact on
the Livelihood of Farmers and Agricultural Workers in Ghana
NAN (2016) Extreme Weather Conditions Threaten Food Security – NiMet
Ogen, O. (2003). Patterns of Economic growth and development in Nigeria
since 1960
Ojo, E.O and Adebayo, P.F. (2012), ‘Food Security in Nigeria: An Overview,’
Journal of Sustainable Development.
Steve Wiggins Sharada Keats Marcella Vigneri February (2009) Impact of the
global financial and economic situation on agricultural markets and food
security
The global food crisis
(2011) http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2011/chapter4.pdf.