Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Fresh water and marine ecosystems

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
A
AnuKiruthika

This document summarizes freshwater and marine ecosystems. It discusses the key features and threats to various ecosystems, including lakes/ponds, wetlands, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs, the ocean, and polar regions. The main types of freshwater ecosystems described are lakes/ponds, which have littoral, open water, and benthic zones, and wetlands like marshes and swamps. Threats to these ecosystems include pollution from industry, agriculture, and development. Marine ecosystems discussed include estuaries where fresh and saltwater mix, coral reefs built by polyps in warm tropical seas, the ocean with its depths lacking light, and polar regions relying on phytoplankton

Related slideshows

Distribution of microbes in aquatic environment
Distribution of microbes in aquatic environmentDistribution of microbes in aquatic environment
Distribution of microbes in aquatic environment
 
Microbes In Aquatic Marine Ecosystem
Microbes In Aquatic Marine EcosystemMicrobes In Aquatic Marine Ecosystem
Microbes In Aquatic Marine Ecosystem
 
Aquatic microbiology
Aquatic microbiologyAquatic microbiology
Aquatic microbiology
 
1 of 26
FRESH WATER AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS By: Ankitha kumari mishra St. George College of Management and Science 1ST MSC, 2ND SEM MICROBIOLOGY
Feshwater Ecosystems Includes: lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, wetlands. Freshwater contains little to no dissolved salt. The plant and animal life depends on the depth of the water how fast the water move, the amount of nutrients, sunlight, and oxygen available salt.
oLAKES AND PONDS • IN THE SHALLOW AREAS CLOSE TO THE SHORES, PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE ABUNDANT. • THIS NUTRIENT-RICH AREA IS KNOWN AS THE LITTORAL ZONE. • FARTHER OUT FROM THE SHORE, THE OPEN WATER THAT GETS ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS DOMINATED BY TINY PLANTS AND ANIMALS KNOWN AS ZOOPLANKTONS AND PHYTOPLANKTONS. PLANTS ANIMALS LITTORAL ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON
 Lakes and Ponds  Some bodies of fresh water have areas so deep that there is too little light for photosynthesis to occur.  Dead plants and animals drift down and are decomposed by bacteria.  Eventually the dead and decaying organisms reach the benthic zone, the bottom of a body of water, which is inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams. bacteria benthic
 Lakes and Ponds  A lake with a large amount of plant nutrients is known as a eutropic lake.  The number of bacteria increases and uses all the available oxygen.  The diversity of the species declines.  Lakes usually become eutropic over a long period of time , but the process can be accelerated by sewage, fertilizer and animal waste. eutrophic oxygen diversity eutrophic
 Wetlands  Wetlands are areas of land that are covered with water for at least part of the year.  The two main types of freshwater wetlands are marshes and swamps.  marshes contain non-woody plants and swamps contain woody plants or shrubs. water marshes swamps Marshes swamps
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
 Threats to Wetlands  The importance of wetlands as purifiers of wastewater and absorbers of other hazardous flood waters is now recognized.  Wetlands are also vitally important as habitats for wildlife.  The federal government and most states now prohibit destruction of certain wetlands.
 Rivers  Many rivers originate from snowmelt in mountains.  At its headwaters, a river is usually very cold and highly oxygenated.  As it progresses, a river may broaden, become warmer, lose oxygen, and flow more slowly.  Its characteristics may change as the land and climate change through which it flows. snowmelt cold oxygenated warmer oxygen slowly land
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
 Threats to Rivers  Industries use river water in the manufacturing processes and as a receptacle for waste.  These practices have polluted rivers with toxins, killing river organisms and making river fish inedible.  Pesticides and other poisons runoff into rivers and coat river beds with toxic sediments.  Dams alter river flow and may destroy fish habitats.
Marine Ecosystems Includes: estuaries, coral reefs, oceans, and polar ecosystems  Marine ecosystems contain dissolved salts. In oceans, lack of water is not a problem. Therefore, the types of organisms present are dependent upon temperature, sunlight available, and nutrient. salt temperature nutrients
 Estuaries  An ecosystem where fresh water from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean.  Estuaries contain plenty of light and nutrients which support large populations of plants and animals.  Plants and animals that live in estuaries are able to tolerate variations in salinity because the salt content of the water varies as the fresh and salt water mix. fresh water salt water salinity salt
Threats to Estuaries  Estuaries provide harbors, access to the ocean, and connections to rivers. As a result, many of the world’s largest cities are built on estuaries.  Because of this, many estuaries have become polluted.
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
 Coral Reef  Coral reefs are limestone islands in the sea that are built by coral animals called polyps.  Thousands of species of plants and animals live in the cracks and crevices of coral reefs, making coral reefs among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.  Corals can only live in warm salt water where there is enough light for photosynthesis. Therefore, coral reefs are only found in shallow, tropical seas. limestone diverse warm light
 Threats to Coral Reefs  If the water surrounding a reef is too hot or cold, or if fresh water drains into the water surrounding a reef, corals have trouble producing limestone.  If the water is too muddy, too polluted, or too high in nutrients, algae that live within the corals will die or grow out of control and smother the corals.  Oil spills, sewage, pesticide, and silt runoff have all been linked to coral reef destruction.
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
 The Ocean  Ocean covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth’s surface.  Plants can only grow where there are nutrients and enough light for photosynthesis.  Therefore, the open ocean is one of the light productive of all ecosystems.  The depths of the ocean are perpetually dark, and most of the food consists of dead organisms that fall from the surface. 3/4 photosynthesis least
 The Ocean • The viper fish is a deep-sea fish that lives at depths of 600m or more.  The Ocean • The density of salt water permits many jelly like animals to remain buoyant and move through the sea. VIPER FISH JELLY FISH
Threats to the Ocean  The oceans are huge but are becoming increasingly more polluted.  Overfishing is also destroying fish populations.
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
 Poar Ecosystems  The ice-covered polar caps can be considered marine ecosystems because nearly all food is provided by phytoplankton in the ocean.  The north Pole is in the Artic Ocean and the south Pole is in Antarctica.  plankton provides the main source of food at both poles. North South Plankton  Threats to Polar Ecosystems  Oil extraction, tourism, and garbage are the worst threats to the polar ecosystems.  Conservationists want these areas to become world wildlife refuges.
Fresh water and marine ecosystems
THANK YOU

More Related Content

Fresh water and marine ecosystems

  • 1. FRESH WATER AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS By: Ankitha kumari mishra St. George College of Management and Science 1ST MSC, 2ND SEM MICROBIOLOGY
  • 2. Feshwater Ecosystems Includes: lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, wetlands. Freshwater contains little to no dissolved salt. The plant and animal life depends on the depth of the water how fast the water move, the amount of nutrients, sunlight, and oxygen available salt.
  • 3. oLAKES AND PONDS • IN THE SHALLOW AREAS CLOSE TO THE SHORES, PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE ABUNDANT. • THIS NUTRIENT-RICH AREA IS KNOWN AS THE LITTORAL ZONE. • FARTHER OUT FROM THE SHORE, THE OPEN WATER THAT GETS ENOUGH SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS DOMINATED BY TINY PLANTS AND ANIMALS KNOWN AS ZOOPLANKTONS AND PHYTOPLANKTONS. PLANTS ANIMALS LITTORAL ZOOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON
  • 4.  Lakes and Ponds  Some bodies of fresh water have areas so deep that there is too little light for photosynthesis to occur.  Dead plants and animals drift down and are decomposed by bacteria.  Eventually the dead and decaying organisms reach the benthic zone, the bottom of a body of water, which is inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams. bacteria benthic
  • 5.  Lakes and Ponds  A lake with a large amount of plant nutrients is known as a eutropic lake.  The number of bacteria increases and uses all the available oxygen.  The diversity of the species declines.  Lakes usually become eutropic over a long period of time , but the process can be accelerated by sewage, fertilizer and animal waste. eutrophic oxygen diversity eutrophic
  • 6.  Wetlands  Wetlands are areas of land that are covered with water for at least part of the year.  The two main types of freshwater wetlands are marshes and swamps.  marshes contain non-woody plants and swamps contain woody plants or shrubs. water marshes swamps Marshes swamps
  • 9.  Threats to Wetlands  The importance of wetlands as purifiers of wastewater and absorbers of other hazardous flood waters is now recognized.  Wetlands are also vitally important as habitats for wildlife.  The federal government and most states now prohibit destruction of certain wetlands.
  • 10.  Rivers  Many rivers originate from snowmelt in mountains.  At its headwaters, a river is usually very cold and highly oxygenated.  As it progresses, a river may broaden, become warmer, lose oxygen, and flow more slowly.  Its characteristics may change as the land and climate change through which it flows. snowmelt cold oxygenated warmer oxygen slowly land
  • 12.  Threats to Rivers  Industries use river water in the manufacturing processes and as a receptacle for waste.  These practices have polluted rivers with toxins, killing river organisms and making river fish inedible.  Pesticides and other poisons runoff into rivers and coat river beds with toxic sediments.  Dams alter river flow and may destroy fish habitats.
  • 13. Marine Ecosystems Includes: estuaries, coral reefs, oceans, and polar ecosystems  Marine ecosystems contain dissolved salts. In oceans, lack of water is not a problem. Therefore, the types of organisms present are dependent upon temperature, sunlight available, and nutrient. salt temperature nutrients
  • 14.  Estuaries  An ecosystem where fresh water from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean.  Estuaries contain plenty of light and nutrients which support large populations of plants and animals.  Plants and animals that live in estuaries are able to tolerate variations in salinity because the salt content of the water varies as the fresh and salt water mix. fresh water salt water salinity salt
  • 15. Threats to Estuaries  Estuaries provide harbors, access to the ocean, and connections to rivers. As a result, many of the world’s largest cities are built on estuaries.  Because of this, many estuaries have become polluted.
  • 17.  Coral Reef  Coral reefs are limestone islands in the sea that are built by coral animals called polyps.  Thousands of species of plants and animals live in the cracks and crevices of coral reefs, making coral reefs among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.  Corals can only live in warm salt water where there is enough light for photosynthesis. Therefore, coral reefs are only found in shallow, tropical seas. limestone diverse warm light
  • 18.  Threats to Coral Reefs  If the water surrounding a reef is too hot or cold, or if fresh water drains into the water surrounding a reef, corals have trouble producing limestone.  If the water is too muddy, too polluted, or too high in nutrients, algae that live within the corals will die or grow out of control and smother the corals.  Oil spills, sewage, pesticide, and silt runoff have all been linked to coral reef destruction.
  • 20.  The Ocean  Ocean covers nearly 3/4 of the Earth’s surface.  Plants can only grow where there are nutrients and enough light for photosynthesis.  Therefore, the open ocean is one of the light productive of all ecosystems.  The depths of the ocean are perpetually dark, and most of the food consists of dead organisms that fall from the surface. 3/4 photosynthesis least
  • 21.  The Ocean • The viper fish is a deep-sea fish that lives at depths of 600m or more.  The Ocean • The density of salt water permits many jelly like animals to remain buoyant and move through the sea. VIPER FISH JELLY FISH
  • 22. Threats to the Ocean  The oceans are huge but are becoming increasingly more polluted.  Overfishing is also destroying fish populations.
  • 24.  Poar Ecosystems  The ice-covered polar caps can be considered marine ecosystems because nearly all food is provided by phytoplankton in the ocean.  The north Pole is in the Artic Ocean and the south Pole is in Antarctica.  plankton provides the main source of food at both poles. North South Plankton  Threats to Polar Ecosystems  Oil extraction, tourism, and garbage are the worst threats to the polar ecosystems.  Conservationists want these areas to become world wildlife refuges.