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Petroleum lunch seminar 30.10.2014

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Fugro Survey performs geophysical surveys and site surveys in Norwegian waters to identify hazards for offshore drilling. They use seismic data to interpret shallow soils and identify features like shallow gas. An amplitude anomaly workflow in ArcGIS is used to standardize mapping and visualizing interpreted seismic amplitude anomalies from site surveys in a geodatabase. This allows the data to be easily incorporated into reports, presentations, web maps, and 3D visualizations.

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Geohazard studies – Shallow gas Interpreted seismic data – Amplitude Anomaly workflow for ArcGIS

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www.fugro.com 2 Fugro Survey AS performs… -geophysical surveys in Norwegian waters -about 30 site and route survey surveys per year Fugro Survey AS

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www.fugro.com 3 •Site survey interpretation •Why site surveys? •Why interpretation? •Seismic interpretation for site surveys •Shallow gas warning levels •Mapping amplitude anomalies •Interpreted data in the geodatabase •Demo visualizing data in 3D Contents

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www.fugro.com 4 Site survey interpretation Fugro Survey – Geohazard studies

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www.fugro.com 5 Why site surveys? “Site surveys are performed to minimise the risk of harm to personnel and equipment, and to protect the natural environment. The objective of any site survey is to identify all possible constraints and hazards from man-made, natural and geological features which may affect the operational or environmental integrity of a proposed drilling operation…” OGP Guidelines for the conduct of offshore drilling hazard site surveys, 2011

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www.fugro.com 6 Why site surveys? Features to be assessed by a marine site survey OGP Guidelines for the conduct of offshore drilling hazard site surveys, 2011 = most common features on the NCS

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www.fugro.com 7 Equipment used Source: Sidescan Sonar (SSS) Function: Identify seabed features Frequency: 100 – 500 kHz Penetration: - Source: Sub-bottom Profiler (Pinger) Function: Identify very shallow soils Frequency: 1.4 – 4.5 kHz Penetration: 10 - 30 m Source: Echo Sounder - Multibeam (MBES) Function: Ascertain water depth Frequency: 200 kHz Penetration: - Source: Magnetometer Function: Identify magnetic objects (wrecks, pipelines, debris, UXO, etc.) Frequency: Penetration: - Source: Seabed Sampling and CPT Function: Seabed sampling and core penetration tests Frequency: - Penetration: - Source: 2D High Resolution Seismic (2DHR) Function: Identify deep soils annd drilling hazards Frequency: 0.05 – 0.25 kHz Penetration: 1500 m Source: Sub-bottom Profiler (Mini Sleeve Gun / Mini Air Gun) Function: Identify intermediate soils Frequency: 0.4 – 3 kHz Penetration: 60 – 100 m Source: Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Function: Video and still photos of seabed Frequency: - Penetration: -

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www.fugro.com 8 Why interpretation? Data are plain facts or measurement results. It is not enough to have data. Data in themselves are fairly useless. But when these data are processed and interpreted to determine there true meaning, they become useful and can be called information. Reference: Data, information and knowledge: Have we got it right? - M. Boisot and A. Canals, UOC Working Paper Series WP04-002 (2004). Data Processing Interpretation Report Writing & Charting Information A survey is much more than just “data” – we produce information!

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9 www.fugro.com Why interpretation? Site Survey Interpretation 2DHR Seismic Side Scan Sonar 3D Seismic Infrastructure Data Archive Data Well Data Geotechnical Data (CPT) Sub-bottom Profiles (HMP/MAG) Bathymetry (MBE) Groundtruthing (Photo, Video, Grab Sampling, Gravity Coring)

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www.fugro.com 10 Seismic interpretation for site surveys Purpose of 2DHR interpretation for a site survey … •Prognosis of Stratigraphy and Lithology •Identification of potential drilling constraints and geohazards at the sub-seabed levels … down to about 1000 m below seabed.

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www.fugro.com 11 Seismic interpretation for site surveys 500 m 500 m 1 km Shallow Gas Shallow Gas 2DHR interpretation is supplemented by 3D Data

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www.fugro.com 12 Shallow gas warning levels •Distance to amplitude anomalies •Structural / stratigraphical traps •Geological setting (e.g. up dip position, potential migration paths, lithology) •Experience from neighboring wells and regional understanding •Comparability between planned well location and neighboring wells •Relationship between shallow gas and amplitude anomalies The level of warning is determined from following factors: No shallow gas is expected at the planned well location. No seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. No warning Shallow gas cannot be excluded at the planned well location. Seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. However, alternative interpretations are possible. The implementation of sufficient mitigation measures is recommended. Slight warning Shallow gas is expected at the planned well location. Strong seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. Alternative interpretations are unlikely. A relocation of the planned well is recommended. Serious warning A three level scale is used to describe a shallow gas hazard. These warning levels assess the probability of occurrence of shallow gas at a particular planned well location.

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www.fugro.com 13 Mapping amplitude anomalies 1.Amplitude anomalies are grouped into intervals based on stratigraphy and interpretation. 2.Maximum amplitude values within these intervals are calculated using tools in IHS Kingdom Suite. 3.A threshold value is defined for each interval to separate anomalous high amplitudes. 4.Areas with amplitudes above the threshold value (= anomalies) are mapped. Amplitude Anomaly Top/Base of Geological Units

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www.fugro.com 14 Mapping amplitude anomalies

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www.fugro.com 15 Amplitude anomlay workflow for ArcGIS Fugro Survey – Geohazard studies

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www.fugro.com 16 Data managed in a geodatabase Well locations Survey program Tracklines / Navigation Seabed features Seismic interpretation Shallow soil Bathymetry Sonar Mosaic Geotechnical data Seabed Survey Data Model (SSDM) GIS Server

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www.fugro.com 17 Create a workflow •To be used for all interpreted seismic data •To standardize the information populated in the database •Easy to use Requirements for the workflow •Need to populate the Seabed Survey Data Model (SSDM) feature classes and attributes •Data is to be used in figures for the report and in presentations •Data is to be used in charts •Data is to be used in Web Map applications •Need to be able to search and filter the data based on location and attributes •Data is to be visualized in 3D Interpreted seismic data in the geodatabase

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www.fugro.com 18 3D Seismic VatABS - XY Time Grid Contour Amplitude GeoTif 3D anomalies with attribues and TWT as Z Add Time from grid to Z value of anomaly polygon xABS - XY Amplitude Grid (absolute values) Kingdom / Geos ArcGIS and Tools / Processing & Charting Site Survey Database (SSDM) Workflow Create Polygon from Contour for each level Merge AAT, and calculate SSDM attributes Amplitude Anomaly table (AAT) Geo / Interpretation 2D anomalies with attribues and TWT as Z 2D Seismic VatABS Amplitude and Time Create lines and points for each level Raster Datasets

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www.fugro.com 19 Input •ASCII files exported from Kingdom (interpretation software) •XYZ files with Amplitude and TWT •Information from the interpretation (xls spread sheet)

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www.fugro.com 20 Workflow – a set of tools

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www.fugro.com 21 •Acoustic features point •Acoustic features line •Acoustic features polygon •Raster datasets •Attributes in the database populated Output

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www.fugro.com 22 Anomaly summary map

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www.fugro.com 23 Figures for report

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www.fugro.com 24 Data example figures for presentations

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www.fugro.com 25 Web map application

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www.fugro.com 26 Steps for creating 3D Web Scenes in ArcScene •Symbolize vector data with 3D symbology •Create line features with xyz for point features that should be shown vertically •Drape raster and vector layers that do not have z- values on bathymetry and horizons •Create bookmarks of features to be shown Export ArcScene file to WebScene Extensions •3D Analyst •Seismic Explorer from Geocap 2D High Resolution seismic with 3D cube Sidescan Sonar draped on bathymetry with seabed features Visualization of data in 3D in a web browser

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www.fugro.com 27 Demo

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Marit Aakerholt Senior GIS Consultant, Geo Services Mobile: +47 917 37 412 E-mail: m.aakerholt@fugro.no / Website: www.fugro-survey.no Address: Karenslyst Alle 2, N-0278 Oslo / P.O. Box 490 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway Trade Register / VAT: Nr 937 107 978 Dr. Björn Bohling Chief Geologist, Geo Services Mobile: +47 950 40 667 E-mail: b.bohling@fugro.no / Website: www.fugro-survey.no Address: Karenslyst Alle 2, N-0278 Oslo / P.O. Box 490 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway Trade Register / VAT: Nr 937 107 978

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Petroleum lunch seminar 30.10.2014

  • 1. Geohazard studies – Shallow gas Interpreted seismic data – Amplitude Anomaly workflow for ArcGIS
  • 2. www.fugro.com 2 Fugro Survey AS performs… -geophysical surveys in Norwegian waters -about 30 site and route survey surveys per year Fugro Survey AS
  • 3. www.fugro.com 3 •Site survey interpretation •Why site surveys? •Why interpretation? •Seismic interpretation for site surveys •Shallow gas warning levels •Mapping amplitude anomalies •Interpreted data in the geodatabase •Demo visualizing data in 3D Contents
  • 4. www.fugro.com 4 Site survey interpretation Fugro Survey – Geohazard studies
  • 5. www.fugro.com 5 Why site surveys? “Site surveys are performed to minimise the risk of harm to personnel and equipment, and to protect the natural environment. The objective of any site survey is to identify all possible constraints and hazards from man-made, natural and geological features which may affect the operational or environmental integrity of a proposed drilling operation…” OGP Guidelines for the conduct of offshore drilling hazard site surveys, 2011
  • 6. www.fugro.com 6 Why site surveys? Features to be assessed by a marine site survey OGP Guidelines for the conduct of offshore drilling hazard site surveys, 2011 = most common features on the NCS
  • 7. www.fugro.com 7 Equipment used Source: Sidescan Sonar (SSS) Function: Identify seabed features Frequency: 100 – 500 kHz Penetration: - Source: Sub-bottom Profiler (Pinger) Function: Identify very shallow soils Frequency: 1.4 – 4.5 kHz Penetration: 10 - 30 m Source: Echo Sounder - Multibeam (MBES) Function: Ascertain water depth Frequency: 200 kHz Penetration: - Source: Magnetometer Function: Identify magnetic objects (wrecks, pipelines, debris, UXO, etc.) Frequency: Penetration: - Source: Seabed Sampling and CPT Function: Seabed sampling and core penetration tests Frequency: - Penetration: - Source: 2D High Resolution Seismic (2DHR) Function: Identify deep soils annd drilling hazards Frequency: 0.05 – 0.25 kHz Penetration: 1500 m Source: Sub-bottom Profiler (Mini Sleeve Gun / Mini Air Gun) Function: Identify intermediate soils Frequency: 0.4 – 3 kHz Penetration: 60 – 100 m Source: Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Function: Video and still photos of seabed Frequency: - Penetration: -
  • 8. www.fugro.com 8 Why interpretation? Data are plain facts or measurement results. It is not enough to have data. Data in themselves are fairly useless. But when these data are processed and interpreted to determine there true meaning, they become useful and can be called information. Reference: Data, information and knowledge: Have we got it right? - M. Boisot and A. Canals, UOC Working Paper Series WP04-002 (2004). Data Processing Interpretation Report Writing & Charting Information A survey is much more than just “data” – we produce information!
  • 9. 9 www.fugro.com Why interpretation? Site Survey Interpretation 2DHR Seismic Side Scan Sonar 3D Seismic Infrastructure Data Archive Data Well Data Geotechnical Data (CPT) Sub-bottom Profiles (HMP/MAG) Bathymetry (MBE) Groundtruthing (Photo, Video, Grab Sampling, Gravity Coring)
  • 10. www.fugro.com 10 Seismic interpretation for site surveys Purpose of 2DHR interpretation for a site survey … •Prognosis of Stratigraphy and Lithology •Identification of potential drilling constraints and geohazards at the sub-seabed levels … down to about 1000 m below seabed.
  • 11. www.fugro.com 11 Seismic interpretation for site surveys 500 m 500 m 1 km Shallow Gas Shallow Gas 2DHR interpretation is supplemented by 3D Data
  • 12. www.fugro.com 12 Shallow gas warning levels •Distance to amplitude anomalies •Structural / stratigraphical traps •Geological setting (e.g. up dip position, potential migration paths, lithology) •Experience from neighboring wells and regional understanding •Comparability between planned well location and neighboring wells •Relationship between shallow gas and amplitude anomalies The level of warning is determined from following factors: No shallow gas is expected at the planned well location. No seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. No warning Shallow gas cannot be excluded at the planned well location. Seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. However, alternative interpretations are possible. The implementation of sufficient mitigation measures is recommended. Slight warning Shallow gas is expected at the planned well location. Strong seismic indications for the presence of shallow gas have been identified at or near the planned well location. Alternative interpretations are unlikely. A relocation of the planned well is recommended. Serious warning A three level scale is used to describe a shallow gas hazard. These warning levels assess the probability of occurrence of shallow gas at a particular planned well location.
  • 13. www.fugro.com 13 Mapping amplitude anomalies 1.Amplitude anomalies are grouped into intervals based on stratigraphy and interpretation. 2.Maximum amplitude values within these intervals are calculated using tools in IHS Kingdom Suite. 3.A threshold value is defined for each interval to separate anomalous high amplitudes. 4.Areas with amplitudes above the threshold value (= anomalies) are mapped. Amplitude Anomaly Top/Base of Geological Units
  • 14. www.fugro.com 14 Mapping amplitude anomalies
  • 15. www.fugro.com 15 Amplitude anomlay workflow for ArcGIS Fugro Survey – Geohazard studies
  • 16. www.fugro.com 16 Data managed in a geodatabase Well locations Survey program Tracklines / Navigation Seabed features Seismic interpretation Shallow soil Bathymetry Sonar Mosaic Geotechnical data Seabed Survey Data Model (SSDM) GIS Server
  • 17. www.fugro.com 17 Create a workflow •To be used for all interpreted seismic data •To standardize the information populated in the database •Easy to use Requirements for the workflow •Need to populate the Seabed Survey Data Model (SSDM) feature classes and attributes •Data is to be used in figures for the report and in presentations •Data is to be used in charts •Data is to be used in Web Map applications •Need to be able to search and filter the data based on location and attributes •Data is to be visualized in 3D Interpreted seismic data in the geodatabase
  • 18. www.fugro.com 18 3D Seismic VatABS - XY Time Grid Contour Amplitude GeoTif 3D anomalies with attribues and TWT as Z Add Time from grid to Z value of anomaly polygon xABS - XY Amplitude Grid (absolute values) Kingdom / Geos ArcGIS and Tools / Processing & Charting Site Survey Database (SSDM) Workflow Create Polygon from Contour for each level Merge AAT, and calculate SSDM attributes Amplitude Anomaly table (AAT) Geo / Interpretation 2D anomalies with attribues and TWT as Z 2D Seismic VatABS Amplitude and Time Create lines and points for each level Raster Datasets
  • 19. www.fugro.com 19 Input •ASCII files exported from Kingdom (interpretation software) •XYZ files with Amplitude and TWT •Information from the interpretation (xls spread sheet)
  • 20. www.fugro.com 20 Workflow – a set of tools
  • 21. www.fugro.com 21 •Acoustic features point •Acoustic features line •Acoustic features polygon •Raster datasets •Attributes in the database populated Output
  • 24. www.fugro.com 24 Data example figures for presentations
  • 25. www.fugro.com 25 Web map application
  • 26. www.fugro.com 26 Steps for creating 3D Web Scenes in ArcScene •Symbolize vector data with 3D symbology •Create line features with xyz for point features that should be shown vertically •Drape raster and vector layers that do not have z- values on bathymetry and horizons •Create bookmarks of features to be shown Export ArcScene file to WebScene Extensions •3D Analyst •Seismic Explorer from Geocap 2D High Resolution seismic with 3D cube Sidescan Sonar draped on bathymetry with seabed features Visualization of data in 3D in a web browser
  • 28. Marit Aakerholt Senior GIS Consultant, Geo Services Mobile: +47 917 37 412 E-mail: m.aakerholt@fugro.no / Website: www.fugro-survey.no Address: Karenslyst Alle 2, N-0278 Oslo / P.O. Box 490 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway Trade Register / VAT: Nr 937 107 978 Dr. Björn Bohling Chief Geologist, Geo Services Mobile: +47 950 40 667 E-mail: b.bohling@fugro.no / Website: www.fugro-survey.no Address: Karenslyst Alle 2, N-0278 Oslo / P.O. Box 490 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway Trade Register / VAT: Nr 937 107 978