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Functions in python

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Functions allow programmers to organize code into reusable blocks. There are built-in functions and user-defined functions. Functions make code easier to develop, test and reuse. Variables inside functions can be local, global or nonlocal. Parameters pass data into functions, while functions can return values. Libraries contain pre-defined functions for tasks like mathematics and string manipulation.

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FUNCTIONS IN PYTHON KAMINI SINGHAL PGT CS K V KAUSANI
FUNCTIONS ï‚— A function is a programming block of codes which is used to perform a single, related task. It only runs when it is called. ï‚— We can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. ï‚— A function can return data as a result. ï‚— We have already used some python built in functions like print(). ï‚— We can also create our own functions. These functions are called user-defined functions.
Advantages of Using functions:ï‚— 1.Program development made easy and fast : Work can be divided among project members thus implementation can be completed fast. ï‚— 2.Program testing becomes easy : Easy to locate and isolate a faulty function ï‚— 3.Code sharing becomes possible : A function may be used later by many other programs this means that a python programmer can use function written by others, instead of starting over from scratch. ï‚— 4.Code re-usability increases : A function can be used to keep away from rewriting the same block of codes which we are going use two or more locations in a program. This is especially useful if the code involved is long or complicated. ï‚— 5. A function can be called in other function a
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS  1. LIBRARY FUNCTIONSThey are pre-defined, inbuilt functions, used as it. For eg: sqrt(81)9  2. USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS They are defined by user or programmer according to the requirement. For eg: def square(a): ◦ Print (a*a)
FUNCTION DEFINITION ï‚— A function is defined using the def keyword in ï‚— python. ï‚— E.g. program is given below. def abc(): print("Hello") ï‚— abc() #function calling. ï‚— Hello ï‚— Save the above source code in python file and ï‚— execute it
Variable’s Scope in function There are three types of variables with the view of scope.  1. Local variable – accessible only inside the functional block where it is declared.  2. Global variable – variable which is accessible among whole program using global keyword.  3. Non local variable – accessible in nesting of functions,using nonlocal keyword.
Local variable:  def fun():  s = "I love India!" print(s)  s = "I love World!"  fun()  print(s)  Output:  I love India!  I love World! Global variable : def fun(): global s fun() print(s) s = "I love India!“ print(s) s = "I love world!" fun() print(s) Output: I love world! I love India! I love India!
Variable’s Scope in function  #Find the output of below program  def fun(x, y):  # argument /parameter x and y  global a  a = 10  x,y = y,x  b = 20  b = 30  c = 30  print(a,b,x,y)  a, b, x, y = 1, 2, 3,4  fun(50, 100)  #passing value 50 and 100 in parameter x and y of function fun()  print(a, b, x, y)
Variable’s Scope in function #Find the output of below program def fun(x, y): global a a = 10 x,y = y,x b = 20 b = 30 c = 30 print(a,b,x,y) a, b, x, y = 1, 2, 3,4 fun(50, 100) print(a, b, x, y) OUTPUT :- 10 30 100 50 10 2 3 4 Visit
OUTPUT: Before calling fun2: 100 Calling fun2 now: After calling fun2: 100 x in main: 200
Parameters / Arguments These are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses. Multiple parameters are separated by comma. The following example has a function with two parameters x and y. When the function is called, we pass two values, which is used inside the function to sum up the values and store in z and then return the result def sum(x,y): #x, y are formal arguments z=x+y return z #return the result x,y=4,5 r=sum(x,y) #x, y are actual arguments print(r) Note :- 1. Function Prototype is declaration of function with name ,argument and return type. 2. A formal parameter, i.e. a parameter, is in the function definition. An actual parameter, i.e. an argument, is in a function call.
Functions using libraries: Mathematical functions: Mathematical functions are available under math module.To use mathematical functions under this module, we have to import the module using import math. For e.g. To use sqrt() function we have to write statements like given below. import math r=math.sqrt(4) print(r) OUTPUT : 2.0
MATH FUNCTIONS:
ï‚— String functions: ï‚— String functions are available in python standard module.These are always ï‚— availble to use. ï‚— For e.g. capitalize() function Converts the first character of string to upper ï‚— case. ï‚— s="i love programming" ï‚— r=s.capitalize() ï‚— print(r) ï‚— OUTPUT: ï‚— I love programming

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Functions in python

  • 1. FUNCTIONS IN PYTHON KAMINI SINGHAL PGT CS K V KAUSANI
  • 2. FUNCTIONS ï‚— A function is a programming block of codes which is used to perform a single, related task. It only runs when it is called. ï‚— We can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. ï‚— A function can return data as a result. ï‚— We have already used some python built in functions like print(). ï‚— We can also create our own functions. These functions are called user-defined functions.
  • 3. Advantages of Using functions:ï‚— 1.Program development made easy and fast : Work can be divided among project members thus implementation can be completed fast. ï‚— 2.Program testing becomes easy : Easy to locate and isolate a faulty function ï‚— 3.Code sharing becomes possible : A function may be used later by many other programs this means that a python programmer can use function written by others, instead of starting over from scratch. ï‚— 4.Code re-usability increases : A function can be used to keep away from rewriting the same block of codes which we are going use two or more locations in a program. This is especially useful if the code involved is long or complicated. ï‚— 5. A function can be called in other function a
  • 4. TYPES OF FUNCTIONS ï‚— 1. LIBRARY FUNCTIONSThey are pre-defined, inbuilt functions, used as it. For eg: sqrt(81)9 ï‚— 2. USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS They are defined by user or programmer according to the requirement. For eg: def square(a): â—¦ Print (a*a)
  • 5. FUNCTION DEFINITION ï‚— A function is defined using the def keyword in ï‚— python. ï‚— E.g. program is given below. def abc(): print("Hello") ï‚— abc() #function calling. ï‚— Hello ï‚— Save the above source code in python file and ï‚— execute it
  • 6. ï‚—Variable’s Scope in function There are three types of variables with the view of scope. ï‚— 1. Local variable – accessible only inside the functional block where it is declared. ï‚— 2. Global variable – variable which is accessible among whole program using global keyword. ï‚— 3. Non local variable – accessible in nesting of functions,using nonlocal keyword.
  • 7. Local variable: ï‚— def fun(): ï‚— s = "I love India!" print(s) ï‚— s = "I love World!" ï‚— fun() ï‚— print(s) ï‚— Output: ï‚— I love India! ï‚— I love World! Global variable : def fun(): global s fun() print(s) s = "I love India!“ print(s) s = "I love world!" fun() print(s) Output: I love world! I love India! I love India!
  • 8. Variable’s Scope in function ï‚— #Find the output of below program ï‚— def fun(x, y): ï‚— # argument /parameter x and y ï‚— global a ï‚— a = 10 ï‚— x,y = y,x ï‚— b = 20 ï‚— b = 30 ï‚— c = 30 ï‚— print(a,b,x,y) ï‚— a, b, x, y = 1, 2, 3,4 ï‚— fun(50, 100) ï‚— #passing value 50 and 100 in parameter x and y of function fun() ï‚— print(a, b, x, y)
  • 9. Variable’s Scope in function #Find the output of below program def fun(x, y): global a a = 10 x,y = y,x b = 20 b = 30 c = 30 print(a,b,x,y) a, b, x, y = 1, 2, 3,4 fun(50, 100) print(a, b, x, y) OUTPUT :- 10 30 100 50 10 2 3 4 Visit
  • 10. OUTPUT: Before calling fun2: 100 Calling fun2 now: After calling fun2: 100 x in main: 200
  • 11. Parameters / Arguments These are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses. Multiple parameters are separated by comma. The following example has a function with two parameters x and y. When the function is called, we pass two values, which is used inside the function to sum up the values and store in z and then return the result def sum(x,y): #x, y are formal arguments z=x+y return z #return the result x,y=4,5 r=sum(x,y) #x, y are actual arguments print(r) Note :- 1. Function Prototype is declaration of function with name ,argument and return type. 2. A formal parameter, i.e. a parameter, is in the function definition. An actual parameter, i.e. an argument, is in a function call.
  • 12. Functions using libraries: Mathematical functions: Mathematical functions are available under math module.To use mathematical functions under this module, we have to import the module using import math. For e.g. To use sqrt() function we have to write statements like given below. import math r=math.sqrt(4) print(r) OUTPUT : 2.0
  • 14. ï‚— String functions: ï‚— String functions are available in python standard module.These are always ï‚— availble to use. ï‚— For e.g. capitalize() function Converts the first character of string to upper ï‚— case. ï‚— s="i love programming" ï‚— r=s.capitalize() ï‚— print(r) ï‚— OUTPUT: ï‚— I love programming