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Gahakwa - Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 years

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CIALCA

Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.

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Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 years Gahakwa et al
Presentation outline Background Nutrient Rich Crop Varieties to combat Malnutrition and poverty Development of New high yielding and resistant varieties Management techniques for plant pathogens Genetic conservation Animal health and Nutrition research Integrating agriculture and Environmental protection Biotechnology as an enabler Future perspectives for research Acknowledgement of research development partners
1. Background
RESEARCH MISSION To generate and develop demand driven innovative technologies to increase agricultural productivity for food security and improved incomes while conserving the natural resource base The research agenda is aligned to the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Transformation (PSTA), Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS: 2008-2012), Vision 2020 and the Millennium Development Goals.
Research programs Cereals ( Maize, Rice, Sorghum and wheat) Roots and Tubers Legumes (bean, soya bean) Coffee Banana Horticulture Tea Livestock Fisheries Apiary Sericulture Post harvest Soil and Water Management Forestry and Agroforestry
Research constraints of interest Biotic stresses in plants and animals Drought and other abiotic stresses Nutrient deficiency Post Harvest (Value addition) Technology transfer
2. Nutrient Rich Crop Varieties to combat Malnutrition and poverty
ISARM081 HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) Comparison of grain composition of ISARM081 (QPM) and ZM607 (normal) KIGEGA (ZM 607) Item ISARM081 ZM607 Protein (%) 10.61 10.18 Lysine (%) 0.45 0.30 Tryptophan (%) 0.11 0.06 Starch + others (%) 76.69 76.90 Soluble sugar (%) 5.84 6.06 Oil (%) 5.53 5.53 Ash (%) 1.33 1.33
FORTIFIED BEAN Varieties VARIETY ORIGIN TYPE ZINC (ppm) IRON (ppm) MATURITY (days) YIELD (kg /Ha) Nakaja Uganda bush 44 144 80 1400 * MLB 49-98A DRC bush 55 124 82 900 AND 620 DRC bush 38 147 80 700 MLB 40-89A DRC bush 34 122 82 1100 GOFTA DRC bush 50 147 75 1500* VNB 81010 Ngwinurare DRC climber 62 77 95 2400* Rwanda climber 24 106 90 2550*
Vitamin A rich Cassava- Garukunsubire Vitamin A rich Orange Flesh Sweet Potato
INDIGENOUS and EXOTIC VEGETABLES Indigenous vegetables: Izina Protein (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) β-Caroten (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Imbwija (amaranthus) 4.0 480 10 10.7 135 Isogi (spiderplant) 5.1 262 19 8.7 144 Inkoli (cowpea) 4.7 152 39 5.7 87 Isogo (nightshade) 4.6 442 12 8.8 131 Ishu nyafrica (kale) 2.5 187 32 7.3 93 Exotic vegetables: Ishu ya kizungu (Cabbage) 1.4 44 0.8 1.2 33 Karoti (carrot) 1.2 36 1.2 5.2 10 Epinari (spinach) 2.3 93 32 5.1 28 Inyanya (Tomato) 1.1 6 0.6 0.5 22 Ibitunguru (Onion) 2.7 53 2.3 - 32
3. Development of new, high yielding resistant varieties to support the crop intensification program
Improved bean varieties 15 New Climbing, bush and snap bean varieties 3x higher yield than older bush varieties (up to 5t/ha) 3 Heat tolerant varieties adapted to dry mid altitude zones .
CMV resistant cassava varieties 4 released in 2006; Ndamirabana,Kizere,Mbakungahaze and Mbagarambise. 4 released in 2009; Rwizihiza,Mavoka,Garukunsubire and Seruruseke 30- 45t/ha Increased food security in Bugesera and Rwinkwavu
Improved rice varieties 20 varieties released in 10 rice schemes ( June 2010) High yield 7-10t/ha Good grain quality. High adoption rate of new varieties by farmers
Disease tolerant Maize varieties 10 new maize varieties released March 15 in Nyagatare 6 hybrids and 4 OPVs Attributes include; disease resistance, High yield, drought tolerance and QPM ISARM081
4. Management techniques for plant pathogens Cleaning the different clones Controlling the health status of planting materials Excluding diffusion of pathogens; sensitive detection methods Increasing the existing diversity by breeding for new varieties Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) Angular leaf spot- bean Banana Wilts
5. Genetic conservation Ex situ conservation of major crops and tree species In situ conservation of Indigenous cattle breeds
The arboretum is a tool in forest research and helps in the production of seed and seedlings of scientific importance. Timber species are harvested for the construction industry in situ conservation forest species
6. Animal Nutrition research
Crop residues contain considerable amount of energy for livestock production Crop residue feeding could meet 40-80% ME requirement Sorghum stover is richer in metabolisable energy than the other three named cereal crops Energy quality of some crop residues
7. Integrating agriculture and Environmental protection
Climate Change adaptation Activities Automated Agro metrological monitoring in 10 RAB stations Climate remote sensing data generation and calibration against meteorological stations Capacity building of RAB staff to be champions in strategizing for climate change adaptation Climate data management and sharing with other government and non government agencies Simulation for climate change projection and scenarios development for risk mitigation
Floods due to heavy rains
Soil Fertility Management Soil acidity management Promote travertine (unburned limestone) application rather than burned lime to alleviate aluminium and Iron toxicity Use of Phosphate rock (from Tanzania) on low Phosphorous soils Integrated Soil Fertility Management Promote the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer Development of Fertilizer recommendation based on soil types and crops using simple models (e.g. QUEFTS, DRIS) Intensification of Maize-legumes systems and Cassava-legumes cropping systems (e.g. Efficient spatial arrangement and improved practices) Develop the bio-fertilizer technologies using bacteria (e.g Rhizobium) and mychorizia (e.g. Compost production)
8. Biotechnology as an enabler
Livestock- Disease Diagnostic Breakthrough in CBPP (Ruhaha) diagnostics. Application of post-mortem methods for livestock disease diagnosis LAMP - Loop mediated isothermal amplification PCR
Production of clean panting material through TC technology (banana, potato, passion fruit, pineapple, tamarillo, coffee etc) Characterization of main potato and passion fruit viruses and cleaning of varieties Adaptation of protocols and routine diagnosis of major pathogens in priority crops Characterization and conservation of important microorganisms in priority crop agro-ecosystems.
Conventional: 800minit/m2 Aeroponics: 3000minit/m2 RAPID MULTIPLICATION OF POTATO SEEDS
Natural resource management (adaptation to climate change, best practice for erosion control, promotion of ever green agriculture) Use of Biotechnology to address emerging constraints (crop and animal) and operationalization of the gene bank facilities. Development of Hybrid seeds adapted to highlands Capacity building (post graduate training)- To obtain at least 70% scientists at post graduate level 9. Future perspectives for research
Acknowledgement s The Government of Rwanda and all development Partners are gratefully acknowledged. This work would not have been possible without your support
Thank you for you kind attention

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Gahakwa - Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 years

  • 1. Overview of agricultural research in Rwanda for the past 10 years Gahakwa et al
  • 2. Presentation outline Background Nutrient Rich Crop Varieties to combat Malnutrition and poverty Development of New high yielding and resistant varieties Management techniques for plant pathogens Genetic conservation Animal health and Nutrition research Integrating agriculture and Environmental protection Biotechnology as an enabler Future perspectives for research Acknowledgement of research development partners
  • 4. RESEARCH MISSION To generate and develop demand driven innovative technologies to increase agricultural productivity for food security and improved incomes while conserving the natural resource base The research agenda is aligned to the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Transformation (PSTA), Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS: 2008-2012), Vision 2020 and the Millennium Development Goals.
  • 5. Research programs Cereals ( Maize, Rice, Sorghum and wheat) Roots and Tubers Legumes (bean, soya bean) Coffee Banana Horticulture Tea Livestock Fisheries Apiary Sericulture Post harvest Soil and Water Management Forestry and Agroforestry
  • 6. Research constraints of interest Biotic stresses in plants and animals Drought and other abiotic stresses Nutrient deficiency Post Harvest (Value addition) Technology transfer
  • 7. 2. Nutrient Rich Crop Varieties to combat Malnutrition and poverty
  • 8. ISARM081 HIGH QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM) Comparison of grain composition of ISARM081 (QPM) and ZM607 (normal) KIGEGA (ZM 607) Item ISARM081 ZM607 Protein (%) 10.61 10.18 Lysine (%) 0.45 0.30 Tryptophan (%) 0.11 0.06 Starch + others (%) 76.69 76.90 Soluble sugar (%) 5.84 6.06 Oil (%) 5.53 5.53 Ash (%) 1.33 1.33
  • 9. FORTIFIED BEAN Varieties VARIETY ORIGIN TYPE ZINC (ppm) IRON (ppm) MATURITY (days) YIELD (kg /Ha) Nakaja Uganda bush 44 144 80 1400 * MLB 49-98A DRC bush 55 124 82 900 AND 620 DRC bush 38 147 80 700 MLB 40-89A DRC bush 34 122 82 1100 GOFTA DRC bush 50 147 75 1500* VNB 81010 Ngwinurare DRC climber 62 77 95 2400* Rwanda climber 24 106 90 2550*
  • 10. Vitamin A rich Cassava- Garukunsubire Vitamin A rich Orange Flesh Sweet Potato
  • 11. INDIGENOUS and EXOTIC VEGETABLES Indigenous vegetables: Izina Protein (g) Calcium (mg) Iron (mg) β-Caroten (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Imbwija (amaranthus) 4.0 480 10 10.7 135 Isogi (spiderplant) 5.1 262 19 8.7 144 Inkoli (cowpea) 4.7 152 39 5.7 87 Isogo (nightshade) 4.6 442 12 8.8 131 Ishu nyafrica (kale) 2.5 187 32 7.3 93 Exotic vegetables: Ishu ya kizungu (Cabbage) 1.4 44 0.8 1.2 33 Karoti (carrot) 1.2 36 1.2 5.2 10 Epinari (spinach) 2.3 93 32 5.1 28 Inyanya (Tomato) 1.1 6 0.6 0.5 22 Ibitunguru (Onion) 2.7 53 2.3 - 32
  • 12. 3. Development of new, high yielding resistant varieties to support the crop intensification program
  • 13. Improved bean varieties 15 New Climbing, bush and snap bean varieties 3x higher yield than older bush varieties (up to 5t/ha) 3 Heat tolerant varieties adapted to dry mid altitude zones .
  • 14. CMV resistant cassava varieties 4 released in 2006; Ndamirabana,Kizere,Mbakungahaze and Mbagarambise. 4 released in 2009; Rwizihiza,Mavoka,Garukunsubire and Seruruseke 30- 45t/ha Increased food security in Bugesera and Rwinkwavu
  • 15. Improved rice varieties 20 varieties released in 10 rice schemes ( June 2010) High yield 7-10t/ha Good grain quality. High adoption rate of new varieties by farmers
  • 16. Disease tolerant Maize varieties 10 new maize varieties released March 15 in Nyagatare 6 hybrids and 4 OPVs Attributes include; disease resistance, High yield, drought tolerance and QPM ISARM081
  • 17. 4. Management techniques for plant pathogens Cleaning the different clones Controlling the health status of planting materials Excluding diffusion of pathogens; sensitive detection methods Increasing the existing diversity by breeding for new varieties Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) Angular leaf spot- bean Banana Wilts
  • 18. 5. Genetic conservation Ex situ conservation of major crops and tree species In situ conservation of Indigenous cattle breeds
  • 19. The arboretum is a tool in forest research and helps in the production of seed and seedlings of scientific importance. Timber species are harvested for the construction industry in situ conservation forest species
  • 20. 6. Animal Nutrition research
  • 21. Crop residues contain considerable amount of energy for livestock production Crop residue feeding could meet 40-80% ME requirement Sorghum stover is richer in metabolisable energy than the other three named cereal crops Energy quality of some crop residues
  • 22. 7. Integrating agriculture and Environmental protection
  • 23. Climate Change adaptation Activities Automated Agro metrological monitoring in 10 RAB stations Climate remote sensing data generation and calibration against meteorological stations Capacity building of RAB staff to be champions in strategizing for climate change adaptation Climate data management and sharing with other government and non government agencies Simulation for climate change projection and scenarios development for risk mitigation
  • 24. Floods due to heavy rains
  • 25. Soil Fertility Management Soil acidity management Promote travertine (unburned limestone) application rather than burned lime to alleviate aluminium and Iron toxicity Use of Phosphate rock (from Tanzania) on low Phosphorous soils Integrated Soil Fertility Management Promote the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer Development of Fertilizer recommendation based on soil types and crops using simple models (e.g. QUEFTS, DRIS) Intensification of Maize-legumes systems and Cassava-legumes cropping systems (e.g. Efficient spatial arrangement and improved practices) Develop the bio-fertilizer technologies using bacteria (e.g Rhizobium) and mychorizia (e.g. Compost production)
  • 26. 8. Biotechnology as an enabler
  • 27. Livestock- Disease Diagnostic Breakthrough in CBPP (Ruhaha) diagnostics. Application of post-mortem methods for livestock disease diagnosis LAMP - Loop mediated isothermal amplification PCR
  • 28. Production of clean panting material through TC technology (banana, potato, passion fruit, pineapple, tamarillo, coffee etc) Characterization of main potato and passion fruit viruses and cleaning of varieties Adaptation of protocols and routine diagnosis of major pathogens in priority crops Characterization and conservation of important microorganisms in priority crop agro-ecosystems.
  • 29. Conventional: 800minit/m2 Aeroponics: 3000minit/m2 RAPID MULTIPLICATION OF POTATO SEEDS
  • 30. Natural resource management (adaptation to climate change, best practice for erosion control, promotion of ever green agriculture) Use of Biotechnology to address emerging constraints (crop and animal) and operationalization of the gene bank facilities. Development of Hybrid seeds adapted to highlands Capacity building (post graduate training)- To obtain at least 70% scientists at post graduate level 9. Future perspectives for research
  • 31. Acknowledgement s The Government of Rwanda and all development Partners are gratefully acknowledged. This work would not have been possible without your support
  • 32. Thank you for you kind attention

Editor's Notes

  1. Development of supplementation strategies for fibrous crop residues and agro-industrial products