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geography.pptx

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Urbanization is the movement of people from rural to urban areas, leading to more people living in towns and cities. It has been driven by industrialization, colonialism, and the rise of democracy. People migrate to cities for more economic opportunities and jobs (pull factors) or due to lack of opportunities and poverty in rural areas (push factors). While cities concentrate economic activity and development, rapid urbanization in India has caused environmental issues like air and water pollution from inadequate infrastructure. To address these problems, India is developing satellite towns, smart cities, and cleanliness initiatives to make urbanization more sustainable.

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Geography
Lesson - 4 Urbanisation
 Urbanisation is the process of urban growth that leads to a greater percentage of the population living in towns and cities. It is the movement of people from rural areas to urbans
The three historical processes that shaped the cities in decisive ways are: • The rise of industrial revolution. • The establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world. • And the development of democratic ideals.
Causes of Urbanisation People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push and pull factors. PULL FACTORS :- It attracts people to major cities. Examples – more economic activities, women empowerment, better and more jobs. PUSH FACTORS :- It push the people from the countryside to the major cities. Examples – lack of economic opportunities, low pay, rural poverty.
Positive and negative impact of Urbanisation • Urban living is often associated with higher levels of literacy and education, enhanced opportunities for political and culture participation, greater access to social services. • Urbanisation is a natural part of the transition from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity industry. • Cities are important drivers of development and poverty reduction in both urban and rural areas, as they concentrate much of the national economic activity, government, commerce and transportation. More than 80% of global income is generated in cities. • No country has ever reached middle income status without a significant population shift into cities.
WORLD TOP 10 MEGA CITIES Name of the city Tokyo Delhi Shanghai Sao Paulo Mumbai Mexico city Beijing Osaka Cairo New York Population(in million) 38 25.7 23.7 21.1 21 21 20.4 20.2 18.8 18.6
Ill affects of urbanisation Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell. Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India, environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like land insecurity, worsening water quality, excessive air pollution, noise and the problems of waste disposal.
Future of Urbanisation We cannot think of development, when our cities remain squalor and the urban environment is damaged beyond repair.so construction of environment friendly cities or satellite town or smart cities is the answer to the emerging multiple problems of the mega cities. Some examples of Indian satellite cities are: Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad. There are various advantages that Satellite cities offer. Besides providing its residents with superior quality of living in the form of road connectivity, electricity, water, drainage and other important amenities, it also enables to propel the local economy. It leads to appreciation in prices of land and residential property in and around the Satellite city.
city Indian government has also initiated the smart city project. The announcement of ‘100 smart cities’ falls in line with the vision. Kochi in Kerala, Ahemedabad in Gujarat, Aurangabad in Maharashtra, Ponneri in Tamil Nadu, and Tumkur in Karnataka are some of the proposed Smart Cities of India Core infrastructure elements in a Smart City would include:  Adequate water supply,  Assured electricity supply,  Sustainable environment and  Health and education.
Keeping in mind the ill effects of waste of humans the Union Government of India has launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
The end Done by- Gothrika Reddy and Jessie Diana Hans

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geography.pptx

  • 3.  Urbanisation is the process of urban growth that leads to a greater percentage of the population living in towns and cities. It is the movement of people from rural areas to urbans
  • 4. The three historical processes that shaped the cities in decisive ways are: • The rise of industrial revolution. • The establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world. • And the development of democratic ideals.
  • 5. Causes of Urbanisation People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push and pull factors. PULL FACTORS :- It attracts people to major cities. Examples – more economic activities, women empowerment, better and more jobs. PUSH FACTORS :- It push the people from the countryside to the major cities. Examples – lack of economic opportunities, low pay, rural poverty.
  • 6. Positive and negative impact of Urbanisation • Urban living is often associated with higher levels of literacy and education, enhanced opportunities for political and culture participation, greater access to social services. • Urbanisation is a natural part of the transition from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity industry. • Cities are important drivers of development and poverty reduction in both urban and rural areas, as they concentrate much of the national economic activity, government, commerce and transportation. More than 80% of global income is generated in cities. • No country has ever reached middle income status without a significant population shift into cities.
  • 7. WORLD TOP 10 MEGA CITIES Name of the city Tokyo Delhi Shanghai Sao Paulo Mumbai Mexico city Beijing Osaka Cairo New York Population(in million) 38 25.7 23.7 21.1 21 21 20.4 20.2 18.8 18.6
  • 8. Ill affects of urbanisation Poor air and water quality, insufficient water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in managing these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell. Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India, environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like land insecurity, worsening water quality, excessive air pollution, noise and the problems of waste disposal.
  • 9. Future of Urbanisation We cannot think of development, when our cities remain squalor and the urban environment is damaged beyond repair.so construction of environment friendly cities or satellite town or smart cities is the answer to the emerging multiple problems of the mega cities. Some examples of Indian satellite cities are: Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad. There are various advantages that Satellite cities offer. Besides providing its residents with superior quality of living in the form of road connectivity, electricity, water, drainage and other important amenities, it also enables to propel the local economy. It leads to appreciation in prices of land and residential property in and around the Satellite city.
  • 10. city Indian government has also initiated the smart city project. The announcement of ‘100 smart cities’ falls in line with the vision. Kochi in Kerala, Ahemedabad in Gujarat, Aurangabad in Maharashtra, Ponneri in Tamil Nadu, and Tumkur in Karnataka are some of the proposed Smart Cities of India Core infrastructure elements in a Smart City would include:  Adequate water supply,  Assured electricity supply,  Sustainable environment and  Health and education.
  • 11. Keeping in mind the ill effects of waste of humans the Union Government of India has launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
  • 12. The end Done by- Gothrika Reddy and Jessie Diana Hans