This document categorizes vitamins and minerals into water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. It provides examples of the roles of specific vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C increasing endurance, vitamin D preventing rickets, calcium being important for bone formation, and iron being important for red blood cell production and preventing anemia. It also lists examples of macroelements, microelements, and nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that the body needs.