Grammar book
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This document provides an outline of grammar topics covered in a second semester Spanish grammar book, including the conditional tense, irregular verbs, the present perfect, past perfect, subjunctive tenses, impersonal se constructions, saber vs conocer, formal and informal commands, subjunctive triggers, and demonstrative adjectives. The outline lists and briefly defines each grammar point and provides examples of key irregular verb forms.
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Grammar book
- 1. Grammar book 2nd semesterBy: Pancho Newman
- 2. Table of ContentsConditional irregulars Present Perfect Present perfect irregularsPast Perfect Past Perfect IrregularsSubjunctive perfect Tantoy TanImpersonal seSaber vs. ConocerLos MandatosInformalFormalNosotros commandsSubjunctive IrregularsTrigger phrasesDemonstrative Adjectives
- 3. ConditionalUsed to express probability, wonder, conjecture, or possibility
- 4. *when would is used-imperfect is used
- 5. Infinitive + = Conditional
- 6. It has the same irregulars as the future tense
- 7. Can be used to make polite requests – Me gustaría…..
- 9. PonerPondr
- 10. Decir Dir
- 11. Haber Habr
- 12. SalirSaldr
- 13. HacerHar
- 14. PoderPodr
- 15. TenerTendr
- 16. QuererQuerr
- 17. ValerValdr
- 18. Saber Sabr
- 19. VenirVendrPresent PerfectThe present perfect is a compound tense formed with the verb haber and the past participle of the other verb.
- 20. AR- ado
- 21. ER- ido
- 22. IR- ido
- 23. True in past and still is true in present.
- 24. Action was completed recently
- 25. To tell what you have done or have not done. IrregularsAbrir- abierto
- 26. Cubrir- cubierto
- 27. Decir- dicho
- 29. Hacer- hecho
- 30. Morir- murto
- 31. Poner- puesto
- 33. Romper - roto
- 34. Ver- visto
- 35. Volver- vuelto
- 36. Ir- idoPast Perfecthabíahabíashabíahabíamos + Verb = Past perfect habíaishabían
- 37. Used when you have or had done something in the past
- 38. Drop (er, ir) + ido
- 39. Drop (ar) + ado Subjunctive PerfectThe present perfect subjunctive is used in the same types of clauses as the present subjunctive, and normally is used to indicate the action as completed with verbs in the present or future tense.
- 40. You use the present subjunctive conjugation of the verb haber + your past participle
- 41. Haya
- 42. Hayas
- 43. Haya
- 45. HayanTan and TantoUsed to compare two things.
- 46. Tan… como(as…as)
- 47. Tanto… como (as much/as many… as)
- 48. Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs
- 49. Tanto is used with nouns and verbs
- 51. El tienetantomiedocomoyo. Impersonal SéCan be used in all tenses.
- 52. Use sé to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb.
- 53. When using sé the verb is always in the 3 rd person.
- 54. Se vende carne en el mercado
- 55. Se hablaespañol
- 56. Se hizo mucho Saber and ConocerConocer is used for knowledge of people, places, or literary works.
- 57. ¿ Conoces el libro All Quiet on the Western Front ?
- 58. Saber is used when you need to state factual information.
- 59. Ella sabeque 2 + 2 = 4 Informal CommandsConjugate to the usted form
- 60. Drop ending add opposite ending
- 61. --Dop/Iop
- 63. - No Hables, No Comas, No Escribas
- 64. -- Hablalo, No lo hablesadd DOP to the end: dílo, ponla
- 65. IrregularsDi
- 66. has
- 67. ve
- 68. sé
- 69. sal
- 70. ten
- 71. ven
- 72. ponFormal CommandsYoform, opposite ending
- 73. if plural, just add n
- 75. No Hable, No compren, No escriba
- 76. Hablelo, No la compren
- 77. Dé, esté, vaya, sea,sepa, tenga, venga, pongaNosotros Commandsadd the opposite ending of the nosotros conjugation...
- 79. Mono Verbs- When making the verb reflexive for nos you drop the s Hablemo s nos->HablemonosSubjunctiveRepresents attitudes, uncertain, hypothetical, will, influence, emotion, or doubt.
- 80. Put in ‘yo’ form, change to opposite ending
- 81. Que- connector to subjunctive
- 82. When no change in subject from clause to clause, use infinitive! IrregularsCar, Gar, Zar- queguece
- 84. Decir- diga
- 85. oir- oiga
- 86. Dar-> dé, des, den, demos
- 87. Hay-> haya, hayas, hayan, hayamosTrigger PhrasesImpersonal expressions express an order, a need, a piece of advice, or a desire.
- 89. Expressions of emotion- Shows fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, joy, pity
- 90. alegrarse de que, esperarque, sentirque, temerque
- 91. Conjunctions of time- use the subjunctive after them after the subordinate clause is habitual or in the past.
- 92. Asique, caundo, despues de que, en cuanto, hastaque, luegoque, tan pronto como. Demonstrative AdjectivesEste- thisEsta- thisEstos- theseEstas- theseEso- thatEsa- thatEsos- thoseEsas- thoseAquel- that over thereAquella- that over thereAquellos- those over thereAquellas- those over there