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Grammar booki

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Isaiah Brown

This document contains a table of contents and sections on Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem-changing verbs, para, adjectives, object pronouns, ser vs estar, superlatives, gustar verbs, affirmative and negative words, pero vs sino, reflexive verbs, commands, adverbs, modal verbs, past participles, preterite, and the present progressive tense. It provides definitions, conjugations, examples and rules for each topic in Spanish.

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Libro de Gramatica Español 2 Sra. Linares Nazaret
Table of Contents 1. nacionalidades 14. verbos reflexivos 2. stem-changing verbs 15. Tú comandos afirmativas+negativas+irregulares 3. para 16. los adverbios-mente 4. adjetivos 17. deber+ otro verbos modales 5. obejto colocación pronombre 18. participios pasados como adejtivos 6. pronombre de obejto directo 19. pretérito 7. pronombre obejto indirecto 20. presente progresivo 8. ser vs. estar 9. ísimo(a) y g/c/z 10. verbos como gustar 11. palabras afirmativas y negativas 12. pero vs. sino 13. DOP/IOP/SE
Nacionalidades 1. Guatamalteco/a 2. Panameño/a 3. Cubaño/a 4. Mexicano/a 5. Salvadoreño/a 6. Costarricense 7. Dominicano/a 8. Colombiano/a 9. Guineano/a 10. Nicaragüense 11. Puertorriqueño/a 11. Venezolano/a 12. Ecuartoriano/a 13. Peruano/a 14. Paraguayo/a 15. Chileno/a 16. Boliviano/a 17. Argentino/a 18. Español/a 19. Uruguayo/a 20. Hondureño/a 21. Guineano/a
Stem Changing Verbs o ue u ue i ie e i Nosotros and Vosotros forms never change in stem. Jugar juego juegas juega jugamos jugaís juegan
Para means for or in order to added to infintive to express the purpose of doing something mainly indicates purpose or destination unlike it's similar counter preposition, por, which is more commonly used as ''for'' also used as personal reaction ex. 1. Necesito un zapato para mí mamá,2. Estudia para dentista, 3.Salimos para Londres para infinitive purpose of doing something
Adjetivos • if adj. or n. ends in a consonant then add ''es'' to make it plural • if adj. or n. ends in a vowel add ''s'' at the end to make it plural • if a n. ends in a ''z'' then change it to ''ces'' to make it plural • change form based on if the word being described is masculine or feminine
Obejto Colocación Pronombre RULES attach the pronoun to the progressive tense attach the pronoun to an affirmative command attach the pronoun to the infinitive put the pronoun in front of a conjugated verb HEADING List item List item List item
Direct Object Pronouns • obj. that directly receives the action of the verb • what? or whom? • usually replaces name of the DO with a pronoun. • in an affirmative sttement with one verb, DOP comes immediately before the conjugated verb.
IOP • tell where the DO is going; to whom/what or for whom/what • if the sentence possesses an infinitive then the IOP can come before the conjugated verb or attached directly to the end of the infinitive. • ex. comprarle, te gusta nadar, mirarles
Ser vs. Estar • both mean "to be" • estar is more permanent and ser is temporary • ser talks about what something is estar talks about how something is • estar- position, location, condition, action, emotion • ser- proffession, occupation, date , characteristic, origion, relation, time
-ísimo • USED TO EXPRESS EXTREMES WITH ADJECTIVES(EX. FELIZ FELICÍSIMO) • DROP THE FINAL VOWEL AND ADD ÍSIMO if adjective ends in g,c,or z then there are spelling changes g gu c qu z c
Verbs like Gustar requires a DOP Gusta Gusto Gustan Gustaron Gustar+infinitive aburrir- to bore
Affirmative & Negative Words when talking about an indef. or neg. situation you use an affirmative or negative word must match gender if no is before the verb then everything else must be negative, must be a double negative.
Pero vs. Sino • both are for "but" , but are not interchangeable • sino is for when the next phrase contrasts the first phrase completely • pero is for when the 2nd phrase further explains the original and does not negate the 1st phrase.
DOP/IOP?SE IOP me te nos os le les DOP SE me me te te nos nos os os Lo,La se Los,Las se
Verbos Reflexivos pronoun+reflexive object+verb yo me lavo lavarse reflexive form
Tú Commands Affirmative tù form and drop the ''s'' di,haz,ve,pon,ven,sal,sé,ten Negative take yo form and change ending if a to e if e or i then to a no digas,no hagas,no vayas,no pongas,no salgas, no seas,no tengas, no vengas
Los Adverbios(-mente) for adj. with -a or -o ending, add mente to the feminine form if there are 2 adv. add mente only to the 2nd one
Deber+otro verbos modales used when there are two or more verbs other verbs isn't conjugated ir, poder, deber, tener ir + a + infinitive is going to do something
Past Participles as Adjectives drop -ar and add -ado drop -er or -ir and add -ido corrido cantado
Pretérite -ar verbs -é -amos -aste -asteís -ó -aron
Present Progressive estar + ando/ iendo/ yendo describes current action pronoun can go b4 conjugated form of estar or be attached to participle E to I stems have vowel change in stem irregulars -er / -ir change to yendo instead of iendo
http://spanish.about.com/od/prepositions/a/para.htm http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/adj1.htm http://www.brighthubeducation.com/learning-spanish/ 32857-indirect-and-direct-object-pronouns-in-spanish/ www.senorjordan.com https://share.ehs.uen.org/node/8275 http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/dopro1.htm http://slideplayer.us/slide/151964/

More Related Content

Grammar booki

  • 1. Libro de Gramatica Español 2 Sra. Linares Nazaret
  • 2. Table of Contents 1. nacionalidades 14. verbos reflexivos 2. stem-changing verbs 15. Tú comandos afirmativas+negativas+irregulares 3. para 16. los adverbios-mente 4. adjetivos 17. deber+ otro verbos modales 5. obejto colocación pronombre 18. participios pasados como adejtivos 6. pronombre de obejto directo 19. pretérito 7. pronombre obejto indirecto 20. presente progresivo 8. ser vs. estar 9. ísimo(a) y g/c/z 10. verbos como gustar 11. palabras afirmativas y negativas 12. pero vs. sino 13. DOP/IOP/SE
  • 3. Nacionalidades 1. Guatamalteco/a 2. Panameño/a 3. Cubaño/a 4. Mexicano/a 5. Salvadoreño/a 6. Costarricense 7. Dominicano/a 8. Colombiano/a 9. Guineano/a 10. Nicaragüense 11. Puertorriqueño/a 11. Venezolano/a 12. Ecuartoriano/a 13. Peruano/a 14. Paraguayo/a 15. Chileno/a 16. Boliviano/a 17. Argentino/a 18. Español/a 19. Uruguayo/a 20. Hondureño/a 21. Guineano/a
  • 4. Stem Changing Verbs o ue u ue i ie e i Nosotros and Vosotros forms never change in stem. Jugar juego juegas juega jugamos jugaís juegan
  • 5. Para means for or in order to added to infintive to express the purpose of doing something mainly indicates purpose or destination unlike it's similar counter preposition, por, which is more commonly used as ''for'' also used as personal reaction ex. 1. Necesito un zapato para mí mamá,2. Estudia para dentista, 3.Salimos para Londres para infinitive purpose of doing something
  • 6. Adjetivos • if adj. or n. ends in a consonant then add ''es'' to make it plural • if adj. or n. ends in a vowel add ''s'' at the end to make it plural • if a n. ends in a ''z'' then change it to ''ces'' to make it plural • change form based on if the word being described is masculine or feminine
  • 7. Obejto Colocación Pronombre RULES attach the pronoun to the progressive tense attach the pronoun to an affirmative command attach the pronoun to the infinitive put the pronoun in front of a conjugated verb HEADING List item List item List item
  • 8. Direct Object Pronouns • obj. that directly receives the action of the verb • what? or whom? • usually replaces name of the DO with a pronoun. • in an affirmative sttement with one verb, DOP comes immediately before the conjugated verb.
  • 9. IOP • tell where the DO is going; to whom/what or for whom/what • if the sentence possesses an infinitive then the IOP can come before the conjugated verb or attached directly to the end of the infinitive. • ex. comprarle, te gusta nadar, mirarles
  • 10. Ser vs. Estar • both mean "to be" • estar is more permanent and ser is temporary • ser talks about what something is estar talks about how something is • estar- position, location, condition, action, emotion • ser- proffession, occupation, date , characteristic, origion, relation, time
  • 11. -ísimo • USED TO EXPRESS EXTREMES WITH ADJECTIVES(EX. FELIZ FELICÍSIMO) • DROP THE FINAL VOWEL AND ADD ÍSIMO if adjective ends in g,c,or z then there are spelling changes g gu c qu z c
  • 12. Verbs like Gustar requires a DOP Gusta Gusto Gustan Gustaron Gustar+infinitive aburrir- to bore
  • 13. Affirmative & Negative Words when talking about an indef. or neg. situation you use an affirmative or negative word must match gender if no is before the verb then everything else must be negative, must be a double negative.
  • 14. Pero vs. Sino • both are for "but" , but are not interchangeable • sino is for when the next phrase contrasts the first phrase completely • pero is for when the 2nd phrase further explains the original and does not negate the 1st phrase.
  • 15. DOP/IOP?SE IOP me te nos os le les DOP SE me me te te nos nos os os Lo,La se Los,Las se
  • 16. Verbos Reflexivos pronoun+reflexive object+verb yo me lavo lavarse reflexive form
  • 17. Tú Commands Affirmative tù form and drop the ''s'' di,haz,ve,pon,ven,sal,sé,ten Negative take yo form and change ending if a to e if e or i then to a no digas,no hagas,no vayas,no pongas,no salgas, no seas,no tengas, no vengas
  • 18. Los Adverbios(-mente) for adj. with -a or -o ending, add mente to the feminine form if there are 2 adv. add mente only to the 2nd one
  • 19. Deber+otro verbos modales used when there are two or more verbs other verbs isn't conjugated ir, poder, deber, tener ir + a + infinitive is going to do something
  • 20. Past Participles as Adjectives drop -ar and add -ado drop -er or -ir and add -ido corrido cantado
  • 21. Pretérite -ar verbs -é -amos -aste -asteís -ó -aron
  • 22. Present Progressive estar + ando/ iendo/ yendo describes current action pronoun can go b4 conjugated form of estar or be attached to participle E to I stems have vowel change in stem irregulars -er / -ir change to yendo instead of iendo
  • 23. http://spanish.about.com/od/prepositions/a/para.htm http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/adj1.htm http://www.brighthubeducation.com/learning-spanish/ 32857-indirect-and-direct-object-pronouns-in-spanish/ www.senorjordan.com https://share.ehs.uen.org/node/8275 http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/dopro1.htm http://slideplayer.us/slide/151964/

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