Hand printing
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The document describes different printing techniques including hand printing, etching, linocut, screen printing, woodcut printing, lithography printing, mechanical printing, letterpress, gravure, screen process, digital printing, photocopying, and laser printing. It provides a brief overview of each technique, noting aspects like quality, speed, materials used, and ease of use. Printing methods range from traditional techniques like woodcut that carve designs into blocks of wood, to modern digital and photocopying methods that allow for fast, inexpensive reproduction of documents.
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Hand printing
- 1. Hand Printing Etching - Looks Good but takes ages to do. - Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal Linocut - Looks good, but takes a long time to do. - Linocut is a printmaking technique, a variant of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum is used for the relief surface. A design is cut into the linoleum surface with a sharp knife, V-shaped chisel or gouge, with the raised areas representing a reversal of the parts to show printed. Screen printing - Good quality, can be used on many materials but takes a while to do. - Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill blade or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink through the mesh openings to wet the substrate during the squeegee stroke. Woodcut printing - Good for printing text, images or patterns but is quite hard to do. - Woodcut—occasionally known as xylography—is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image
- 2. is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges. Lithography printing - Used for maps, illustrations and printing patterns but takes up a lot of time and can sometimes go wrong. - Lithography is a method of printing originally based on the principle that oil and water do not mix. Printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. Mechanical Printing -A printing press is a device for evenly printing ink onto a print medium (substrate) such as paper or cloth. The device applies pressure to a print medium that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, thereby transferring the ink. Typically used for texts, the invention and spread of the printing press are widely regarded as among the most influential events in human history, revolutionizing the way people conceive and describe the world they live in, and ushering in the period of modernity. Letterpress - High speed printing and allows to make more of the same image but the ink could mess up and ruin your work. - Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing using a printing press. A worker composes and locks movable type into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.
- 3. Gravure - It is fast and efficient but expensive - Rotogravure is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image onto an image carrier. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing and flexography, it uses a rotary printing press. Screen process - It's a fast way to make images but the ink could go all over your work - The fourth traditional type of printing, screen process, includes silk screen and has special applications in the printing industry. Silk screen printing is a form of stencil printing, i.e., printing where the ink is applied to the back of the image carrier and pushed through porous or open areas. The image is on a piece of silk stretched on a frame and backed by a rubber squeegee containing ink. The nonprinting areas on the silk screen are blocked out, and the ink is pushed through the porous areas corresponding to the design; the process is widely used for posters and for printing on glass, plastics, and textured surfaces. Mimeographing is another commercial application of stencil printing Digital Printing - Digital printing refers to methods of printing from a digital-based image directly to a variety of media. It usually refers to professional printing where small-run jobs from desktop publishing and other digital sources are printed using large-format and/or high-volume laser or inkjet printers. Photocopying - It's cheap but it’s not the best quality - A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic
- 4. charges on a light sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles onto paper in the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper. Laser printing - Good quality printing but cost a lot to replace. - Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially charged image. The drum then selectively collects charged toner and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fix the image.