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Handicap care

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M
Muthuukaruppan

This document discusses handicaps, disabilities, and rehabilitation. It defines handicaps as disadvantages that limit a person's ability to fulfill normal roles due to physical, cognitive, mental, sensory or emotional impairments. Rehabilitation aims to restore function and quality of life through prevention strategies and a multidisciplinary team. Therapeutic exercises are important for rehabilitation and include strengthening, balance training, coordination, gait training, mobilization, massage, and relaxation exercises. Physical activity and exercise can improve disabilities and handicaps to enhance quality of life.

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Handicap care Mr. Muthuukaruppan M.
Handicap & Disability  Disadvantage for a given individual in his or her social context, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal to an individual.  Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner normal to a individual.  Physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional or combinations are noted.  Disability prevents subjects from being independent. Disabled persons are addressed “Differently Abled” persons.
Rehabilitation  Enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities  Primary prevention, Secondary prevention & Tertiary prevention  Goal is to “Add life to years, not years to life”
Handicap care
WHO Identified 6 Handicap’s  Locomotor handicap: paraplegias  Hearing & speech handicap: loss of hearing & inability to speak  Cardiopulmonary handicap: respiratory & vascular disorders  Visual handicap: blindness  Mental handicap: Conditions like Down’s syndrome, dyslexias  Emotionally disturbed
 Primary disabilities are direct consequences of a disease. eg-spinal cord injury, stroke  Secondary disabilities are those which did not exist at the onset of primary disability but develop subsequently. eg-tight muscles, joints etc.
Result of Decreased Activity due to handicap
Rehabilitation Team  Doctor  Physiotherapist  Occupationaltherapist  Speech pathologist  Prosthetist – Orthotist  Rehabilitation nurse  Psychologist  Music or play therapist  Biomedical engineer  Social worker  Vocational counselor  Special educator  Government agencies
Handicap care
Delivery of Rehabilitation care  Institutional based care (IBR)  Homes  Day care centers  Outpatient clinic  Camps  Community based rehabilitation (CBR)
Therapeutic exercises  Strengthening exercises  Balance training  Coordination exercises  Gait training  Mobilization exercises  Re-education exercises  Massage techniques  Relaxation exercises
Strengthening exercises: Set of exercises to improve the power of the muscle or muscle groups FITT principle – frequency, intensity, time & type Types of contraction – concentric, eccentric or isometric Precautions needed to be taken care. Balance training: Procedures assisting in improving static & dynamic balance are used in training
Coordination exercises: For performing precise smooth and purposeful movement using multiple muscles and a stable posture Volition - Ability to start, maintain or stop an activity Perception – intact centers and areas in brain to retrieve the plans stored prior Motor plans in central nervous system Repetitive exercises, precision & attention are important part of treatment
Gait training: Gait or human locomotion is a translatory progression of the body as a whole, produced by coordinated movements of body segments. Normal gait requires sensory inputs and proper muscular activity. Gait training can be given using assistive devices such as crutches, walkers, sticks etc.
Mobilization exercises: Mobilization is passive movement in such a manner or speed that the patient can stop the movement at his will. It helps in restoring or maintaining joint movement Massage techniques: Manipulation of soft tissues and assisting in circulation of extremities Assists in treating pathological disorders.
Relaxation exercises: Relaxation is a state in which the muscles of the body are relatively free from tension General relaxation & Local relaxation Reeducation exercises: Exercises taught to train a lost or new activity to muscle groups after various pathologies. Done in grades to increase the activity subsequently
Summary  Physical Activity/Exercise can improve disability and handicap  Improvement in quality of life
“Rehabilitation is clearly the only practical means of significantly improving function in Handicap patients” George Kraft, MD The Lancet, December 11, 1999

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Handicap care

  • 2. Handicap & Disability  Disadvantage for a given individual in his or her social context, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal to an individual.  Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner normal to a individual.  Physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional or combinations are noted.  Disability prevents subjects from being independent. Disabled persons are addressed “Differently Abled” persons.
  • 3. Rehabilitation  Enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities  Primary prevention, Secondary prevention & Tertiary prevention  Goal is to “Add life to years, not years to life”
  • 5. WHO Identified 6 Handicap’s  Locomotor handicap: paraplegias  Hearing & speech handicap: loss of hearing & inability to speak  Cardiopulmonary handicap: respiratory & vascular disorders  Visual handicap: blindness  Mental handicap: Conditions like Down’s syndrome, dyslexias  Emotionally disturbed
  • 6.  Primary disabilities are direct consequences of a disease. eg-spinal cord injury, stroke  Secondary disabilities are those which did not exist at the onset of primary disability but develop subsequently. eg-tight muscles, joints etc.
  • 7. Result of Decreased Activity due to handicap
  • 8. Rehabilitation Team  Doctor  Physiotherapist  Occupationaltherapist  Speech pathologist  Prosthetist – Orthotist  Rehabilitation nurse  Psychologist  Music or play therapist  Biomedical engineer  Social worker  Vocational counselor  Special educator  Government agencies
  • 10. Delivery of Rehabilitation care  Institutional based care (IBR)  Homes  Day care centers  Outpatient clinic  Camps  Community based rehabilitation (CBR)
  • 11. Therapeutic exercises  Strengthening exercises  Balance training  Coordination exercises  Gait training  Mobilization exercises  Re-education exercises  Massage techniques  Relaxation exercises
  • 12. Strengthening exercises: Set of exercises to improve the power of the muscle or muscle groups FITT principle – frequency, intensity, time & type Types of contraction – concentric, eccentric or isometric Precautions needed to be taken care. Balance training: Procedures assisting in improving static & dynamic balance are used in training
  • 13. Coordination exercises: For performing precise smooth and purposeful movement using multiple muscles and a stable posture Volition - Ability to start, maintain or stop an activity Perception – intact centers and areas in brain to retrieve the plans stored prior Motor plans in central nervous system Repetitive exercises, precision & attention are important part of treatment
  • 14. Gait training: Gait or human locomotion is a translatory progression of the body as a whole, produced by coordinated movements of body segments. Normal gait requires sensory inputs and proper muscular activity. Gait training can be given using assistive devices such as crutches, walkers, sticks etc.
  • 15. Mobilization exercises: Mobilization is passive movement in such a manner or speed that the patient can stop the movement at his will. It helps in restoring or maintaining joint movement Massage techniques: Manipulation of soft tissues and assisting in circulation of extremities Assists in treating pathological disorders.
  • 16. Relaxation exercises: Relaxation is a state in which the muscles of the body are relatively free from tension General relaxation & Local relaxation Reeducation exercises: Exercises taught to train a lost or new activity to muscle groups after various pathologies. Done in grades to increase the activity subsequently
  • 17. Summary  Physical Activity/Exercise can improve disability and handicap  Improvement in quality of life
  • 18. “Rehabilitation is clearly the only practical means of significantly improving function in Handicap patients” George Kraft, MD The Lancet, December 11, 1999

Editor's Notes

  1. We know from extensive research, mostly from cardiac rehabilitation, that inactivity causes deconditioning and those who are deconditioned tend to be less active. In addition, we know that the inactivity can cause physical impairment and psychological disturbances such as depression and decreased self-esteem. This vicious circle can cause significant problems with overall health and places individuals at greater risk for cardiovascular diseases.